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This retrospective cohort study assessed the burden of infection in patients with CLL\/SLL with and without SID, and in immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IgRT)-treated and -untreated patients with CLL\/SLL and SID. Anonymized data from the US Optum-Humedica database (Oct-1-2015\u2013Mar-10-2020) were used. Eligible patients aged\u2009\u2265\u200918 years with a confirmed CLL\/SLL diagnosis were assigned to cohorts (SID or no-SID) using an algorithm based on serum IgG levels\u2009&lt;\u20095.0\u00a0g\/L, hypogammaglobulinemia diagnosis codes, and \u2265\u20091 major infection. A further sub-categorization was made based on patients with SID who received IgRT and those who did not. During 12-month follow-up, patients with CLL\/SLL and SID were significantly more likely to experience infections (70.1% vs. 30.4%), including severe bacterial infections (39.8% vs. 9.2%), and infections requiring hospitalization (27.7% vs. 5.8%) than patients without SID. The use of anti-infectives and healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) was also higher in the SID cohort versus the no-SID cohort. Overall survival was shorter in patients with SID than those without (12.3 vs. 16.9 months). In patients with CLL\/SLL and SID, burden of infection and HCRU were greater in IgRT-treated patients than in no-IgRT patients, potentially highlighting the IgRT-treated cohort as a more vulnerable population. Increasing understanding of SID burden may help to improve outcomes in patients with CLL\/SLL. Further research is needed to develop guidance for IgRT use and to assess the benefits of IgRT in this vulnerable population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-024-05984-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]],"date-time":"2024-09-12T03:23:26Z","timestamp":1726111406000},"page":"4567-4580","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Treatment patterns and burden of infection in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and secondary immunodeficiency: a retrospective database study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6491-6953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Csaba","family":"Siffel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0274-0585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua","family":"Richter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin","family":"Anderson-Smits","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9931-2228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Kamieniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaili","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5866-7743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Drishti","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4529-2003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew S.","family":"Davids","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"5984_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00586","volume":"10","author":"S Sanchez-Ramon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sanchez-Ramon S, Bermudez A, Gonzalez-Granado LI, Rodriguez-Gallego C, Sastre A, Soler-Palacin P et al (2019) Primary and secondary immunodeficiency diseases in oncohaematology: warning signs, diagnosis, and management. 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Informed consent and institutional review board approval were, therefore, not required.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"CS, CA-S, MK, KR, and DS are employees of Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc. and are Takeda shareholders. JR has served on speakers bureaus for Bristol Myers Squibb and Janssen, and has received consulting fees and served on advisory boards for Adaptive Biotechnologies, AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, Janssen, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Oncopeptides, Sanofi, Secura Bio, Takeda, and X4 Pharmaceuticals. MSD has received grant support (paid to his institution) and consulting fees from Ascentage Pharma, AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Genentech, MEI Pharma, Secura Bio, and TG Therapeutics, and consulting fees from AbbVie, Adaptive Biotechnologies, AstraZeneca, BeiGene, BMS, Eli Lilly, Genentech, Genmab, Janssen, Merck, MingSight, Nuvalent, Secura Bio, Takeda, and TG Therapeutics.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third-party material in this article are included in the article\u2019s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article\u2019s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit\n                      \n                      .","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Open access"}}]}}