{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T04:52:13Z","timestamp":1794027133180,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757462400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Hematol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-025-06538-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T06:45:39Z","timestamp":1757486739000},"page":"4305-4317","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Expanding the frontier of CAR therapy: comparative insights into CAR-T, CAR-NK, CAR-M, and CAR-DC approaches"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Yiling","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoling","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"6538_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10024","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.24.10024","volume":"86","author":"G Gross","year":"1989","unstructured":"Gross G, Waks T, Eshhar Z (1989) Expression of immunoglobulin-T-cell receptor chimeric molecules as functional receptors with antibody-type specificity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86:10024\u201310028. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.86.24.10024","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"6538_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-05707-3","volume":"614","author":"L Labanieh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Labanieh L, Mackall CL (2023) CAR immune cells: design principles, resistance and the next generation. Nature 614:635\u2013648. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-023-05707-3","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"6538_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Olejarz W, Sadowski K, Szulczyk D, Basak G (2024) Advancements in Personalized CAR-T Therapy: Comprehensive Overview of Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Hematological Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 25. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25147743","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25147743"},{"key":"6538_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1186\/s12935-024-03479-y","volume":"24","author":"S Mansoori","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mansoori S, Noei A, Maali A, Seyed-Motahari SS, Sharifzadeh Z (2024) Recent updates on allogeneic CAR-T cells in hematological malignancies. Cancer Cell Int 24:304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12935-024-03479-y","journal-title":"Cancer Cell Int"},{"key":"6538_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.878209","volume":"13","author":"G L\u00f3pez-Cantillo","year":"2022","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Cantillo G, Urue\u00f1a C, Camacho BA, Ram\u00edrez-Segura C (2022) CAR-T Cell Performance: How to Improve Their Persistence? Front Immunol 13:878209. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.878209","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"6538_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2035","volume":"12","author":"EJ Wherry","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wherry EJ (2011) T cell exhaustion. Nat Immunol 12:492\u2013499. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ni.2035","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"6538_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-041015-055318","volume":"37","author":"LM McLane","year":"2019","unstructured":"McLane LM, Abdel-Hakeem MS, Wherry EJ (2019) CD8 T Cell Exhaustion During Chronic Viral Infection and Cancer. Annu Rev Immunol 37:457\u2013495. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-immunol-041015-055318","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"6538_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.720692","volume":"12","author":"A Hern\u00e1ndez-L\u00f3pez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hern\u00e1ndez-L\u00f3pez A, T\u00e9llez-Gonz\u00e1lez MA, Mondrag\u00f3n-Ter\u00e1n P, Meneses-Acosta A (2021) Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T Cells: A Pharmaceutical Scope. Front Pharmacol 12:720692. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2021.720692","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"6538_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.Cir-18-0466","volume":"7","author":"D Alizadeh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alizadeh D et al (2019) IL15 Enhances CAR-T Cell Antitumor Activity by Reducing mTORC1 Activity and Preserving Their Stem Cell Memory Phenotype. Cancer Immunol Res 7:759\u2013772. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/2326-6066.Cir-18-0466","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Res"},{"key":"6538_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2005.01.004","volume":"26","author":"LM Bradley","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bradley LM, Haynes L, Swain SL (2005) IL-7: maintaining T-cell memory and achieving homeostasis. Trends Immunol 26:172\u2013176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.it.2005.01.004","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"6538_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Correction for Seo et al (2019) TOX and TOX2 transcription factors cooperate with NR4A transcription factors to impose CD8(+) T cell exhaustion. Proc Nat Acad Sci U S A 116:19761. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1914896116","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1914896116"},{"key":"6538_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2019.01237","volume":"9","author":"J Cheng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cheng J et al (2019) Understanding the Mechanisms of Resistance to CAR T-Cell Therapy in Malignancies. Front Oncol 9:1237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2019.01237","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"6538_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1805-z","volume":"576","author":"RC Lynn","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lynn RC et al (2019) c-Jun overexpression in CAR T cells induces exhaustion resistance. Nature 576:293\u2013300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-019-1805-z","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"6538_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bintu L et al (2016) Dynamics of epigenetic regulation at the single-cell level. Science (New York, N.Y.) 351:720\u2013724. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aab2956","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aab2956"},{"key":"6538_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.110079","volume":"37","author":"CC Zebley","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zebley CC et al (2021) CD19-CAR T cells undergo exhaustion DNA methylation programming in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cell Rep 37:110079. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.110079","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"6538_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-018-0014-6","volume":"18","author":"PK Bommareddy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bommareddy PK, Shettigar M, Kaufman HL (2018) Integrating oncolytic viruses in combination cancer immunotherapy. Nat Rev Immunol 18:498\u2013513. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41577-018-0014-6","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"6538_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2460","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02460","volume":"9","author":"S Guedan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Guedan S, Alemany R (2018) CAR-T Cells and Oncolytic Viruses: Joining Forces to Overcome the Solid Tumor Challenge. Front Immunol 9:2460. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02460","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"6538_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-021-00539-6","volume":"21","author":"JD Chan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chan JD et al (2021) Cellular networks controlling T cell persistence in adoptive cell therapy. Nat Rev Immunol 21:769\u2013784. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41577-021-00539-6","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"6538_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2020.07.008","volume":"18","author":"S Ghassemi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ghassemi S et al (2020) Enhancing Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Anti-tumor Function through Advanced Media Design. Molecular therapy Methods & clinical development 18:595\u2013606. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.omtm.2020.07.008","journal-title":"Molecular therapy Methods & clinical development"},{"key":"6538_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms16011691","volume":"16","author":"D Anestakis","year":"2015","unstructured":"Anestakis D et al (2015) Mechanisms and applications of interleukins in cancer immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 16:1691\u20131710. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms16011691","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"6538_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103941","volume":"77","author":"D Gumber","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gumber D, Wang LD (2022) Improving CAR-T immunotherapy: Overcoming the challenges of T cell exhaustion. EBioMedicine 77:103941. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103941","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"6538_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Weber EW et al (2021) Transient rest restores functionality in exhausted CAR-T cells through epigenetic remodeling. Science (New York, N.Y.) 372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aba1786","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aba1786"},{"key":"6538_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Prinzing B et al (2021) Deleting DNMT3A in CAR T cells prevents exhaustion and enhances antitumor activity. Sci Transl Med 13:eabh0272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/scitranslmed.abh0272","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abh0272"},{"key":"6538_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-020-00910-5","volume":"13","author":"R Huang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huang R et al (2020) Recent advances in CAR-T cell engineering. J Hematol Oncol 13:86. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13045-020-00910-5","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"6538_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.102931","volume":"58","author":"J Jayaraman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jayaraman J et al (2020) CAR-T design: Elements and their synergistic function. EBioMedicine 58:102931. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.102931","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"6538_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-063011-092449","volume":"82","author":"S Muyldermans","year":"2013","unstructured":"Muyldermans S (2013) Nanobodies: natural single-domain antibodies. Annu Rev Biochem 82:775\u2013797. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-biochem-063011-092449","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biochem"},{"key":"6538_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1038\/374168a0","volume":"374","author":"AS Greenberg","year":"1995","unstructured":"Greenberg AS et al (1995) A new antigen receptor gene family that undergoes rearrangement and extensive somatic diversification in sharks. Nature 374:168\u2013173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/374168a0","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"6538_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bao C et al (2021) The Application of Nanobody in CAR-T Therapy. Biomolecules 11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom11020238","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11020238"},{"key":"6538_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.4236\/abb.2013.44A011","volume":"4","author":"D Gil","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gil D, Schrum AG (2013) Strategies to stabilize compact folding and minimize aggregation of antibody-based fragments. Advances in bioscience and biotechnology (Print) 4:73\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4236\/abb.2013.44A011","journal-title":"Advances in bioscience and biotechnology (Print)"},{"key":"6538_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3273","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M806889200","volume":"284","author":"C Vincke","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vincke C et al (2009) General strategy to humanize a camelid single-domain antibody and identification of a universal humanized nanobody scaffold. J Biol Chem 284:3273\u20133284. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M806889200","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"6538_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2024024861","volume":"145","author":"P Lu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lu P et al (2025) Nanobody-based naturally selected CD7-targeted CAR-T therapy for acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 145:1022\u20131033. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood.2024024861","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"6538_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1080\/02648725.2013.801235","volume":"29","author":"Y Safdari","year":"2013","unstructured":"Safdari Y, Farajnia S, Asgharzadeh M, Khalili M (2013) Antibody humanization methods - a review and update. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 29:175\u2013186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02648725.2013.801235","journal-title":"Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev"},{"key":"6538_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Huang L et al (2022) Safety and Efficacy of Humanized Versus Murinized CD19 and CD22 CAR T-Cell Cocktail Therapy for Refractory\/Relapsed B-Cell Lymphoma. Cells 11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells11244085","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11244085"},{"key":"6538_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Du MY et al (2023) Long-term follow-up of humanized and murine CD19 CAR-T-cell therapy for B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Zhonghua xue ye xue za zhi = Zhonghua xueyexue zazhi 44:793\u2013799. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2023.10.001","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2023.10.001"},{"key":"6538_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-022-09489-1","volume":"22","author":"L An","year":"2022","unstructured":"An L et al (2022) Humanized CD19 CAR-T cells in relapsed\/refractory B-ALL patients who relapsed after or failed murine CD19 CAR-T therapy. BMC Cancer 22:393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12885-022-09489-1","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"6538_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2021.13049","volume":"22","author":"X Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li X et al (2021) Efficacy and safety of humanized CD19 CAR-T as a salvage therapy for recurrent CNSL of B-ALL following murine CD19 CAR-T cell therapy. Oncol Lett 22:788. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/ol.2021.13049","journal-title":"Oncol Lett"},{"key":"6538_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.Cd-18-0442","volume":"8","author":"RG Majzner","year":"2018","unstructured":"Majzner RG, Mackall CL (2018) Tumor Antigen Escape from CAR T-cell Therapy. Cancer Discov 8:1219\u20131226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/2159-8290.Cd-18-0442","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"key":"6538_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.Cd-15-1020","volume":"5","author":"E Sotillo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sotillo E et al (2015) Convergence of Acquired Mutations and Alternative Splicing of CD19 Enables Resistance to CART-19 Immunotherapy. Cancer Discov 5:1282\u20131295. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/2159-8290.Cd-15-1020","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"key":"6538_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2406","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-08-665547","volume":"127","author":"R Gardner","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gardner R et al (2016) Acquisition of a CD19-negative myeloid phenotype allows immune escape of MLL-rearranged B-ALL from CD19 CAR-T-cell therapy. Blood 127:2406\u20132410. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood-2015-08-665547","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"6538_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"G\u00f3recki M et al (2023) Updates in KMT2A Gene Rearrangement in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Biomedicines 11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines11030821","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11030821"},{"key":"6538_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3036","DOI":"10.1172\/jci83416","volume":"126","author":"M Hegde","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hegde M et al (2016) Tandem CAR T cells targeting HER2 and IL13R\u03b12 mitigate tumor antigen escape. J Clin Investig 126:3036\u20133052. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/jci83416","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"key":"6538_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.Cd-19-0945","volume":"10","author":"RG Majzner","year":"2020","unstructured":"Majzner RG et al (2020) Tuning the Antigen Density Requirement for CAR T-cell Activity. Cancer Discov 10:702\u2013723. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/2159-8290.Cd-19-0945","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"key":"6538_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5627","DOI":"10.2147\/ott.S198567","volume":"12","author":"S Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li S et al (2019) Decitabine enhances cytotoxic effect of T cells with an anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor in treatment of lymphoma. Onco Targets Ther 12:5627\u20135638. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/ott.S198567","journal-title":"Onco Targets Ther"},{"key":"6538_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2011.049155","volume":"97","author":"V Biberacher","year":"2012","unstructured":"Biberacher V et al (2012) The cytotoxicity of anti-CD22 immunotoxin is enhanced by bryostatin 1 in B-cell lymphomas through CD22 upregulation and PKC-\u03b2II depletion. Haematologica 97:771\u2013779. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3324\/haematol.2011.049155","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"6538_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.Ccr-21-3140","volume":"28","author":"M Autio","year":"2022","unstructured":"Autio M et al (2022) Clinical Impact of Immune Cells and Their Spatial Interactions in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Microenvironment. Clinical cancer research\u202f: an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 28:781\u2013792. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1078-0432.Ccr-21-3140","journal-title":"Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research"},{"key":"6538_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2012.12.003","volume":"25","author":"J Crespo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Crespo J, Sun H, Welling TH, Tian Z, Zou W (2013) T cell anergy, exhaustion, senescence, and stemness in the tumor microenvironment. Curr Opin Immunol 25:214\u2013221. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.coi.2012.12.003","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"6538_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.00262","volume":"10","author":"R Epperly","year":"2020","unstructured":"Epperly R, Gottschalk S, Velasquez MP (2020) A Bump in the Road: How the Hostile AML Microenvironment Affects CAR T Cell Therapy. Front Oncol 10:262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2020.00262","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"6538_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2016.151","volume":"27","author":"A Tanaka","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tanaka A, Sakaguchi S (2017) Regulatory T cells in cancer immunotherapy. Cell Res 27:109\u2013118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/cr.2016.151","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"key":"6538_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-019-0760-3","volume":"12","author":"Y Lin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lin Y, Xu J, Lan H (2019) Tumor-associated macrophages in tumor metastasis: biological roles and clinical therapeutic applications. J Hematol Oncol 12:76. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13045-019-0760-3","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"6538_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tumino N et al (2021) Polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells impair the anti-tumor efficacy of GD2.CAR T-cells in patients with neuroblastoma. J Hematol Oncol 14:191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13045-021-01193-0","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-021-01193-0"},{"key":"6538_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3749","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-47981-3","volume":"15","author":"E Bonnin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bonnin E et al (2024) CD74 supports accumulation and function of regulatory T cells in tumors. Nat Commun 15:3749. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-024-47981-3","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"6538_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omto.2023.100747","volume":"31","author":"Y Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang Y et al (2023) Dual blockade of CD47 and CD24 signaling using a novel bispecific antibody fusion protein enhances macrophage immunotherapy. Molecular therapy oncolytics 31:100747. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.omto.2023.100747","journal-title":"Molecular therapy oncolytics"},{"key":"6538_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-023-01723-z","volume":"22","author":"KM Maalej","year":"2023","unstructured":"Maalej KM et al (2023) CAR-cell therapy in the era of solid tumor treatment: current challenges and emerging therapeutic advances. Mol Cancer 22:20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12943-023-01723-z","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"key":"6538_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Peng JJ, Wang L, Li Z, Ku CL, Ho PC (2023) Metabolic challenges and interventions in CAR T cell therapy. Sci Immunol 8:eabq3016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciimmunol.abq3016","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abq3016"},{"key":"6538_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Boulch M et al (2021) A cross-talk between CAR T cell subsets and the tumor microenvironment is essential for sustained cytotoxic activity. Sci Immunol 6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciimmunol.abd4344","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abd4344"},{"key":"6538_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-021-03428-x","volume":"12","author":"T Deng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Deng T, Tang C, Zhang G, Wan X (2021) DAMPs released by pyroptotic cells as major contributors and therapeutic targets for CAR-T-related toxicities. Cell Death Dis 12:129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41419-021-03428-x","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"6538_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0215-7","volume":"20","author":"T Gong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gong T, Liu L, Jiang W, Zhou R (2020) DAMP-sensing receptors in sterile inflammation and inflammatory diseases. Nat Rev Immunol 20:95\u2013112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41577-019-0215-7","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"6538_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu Y et al (2020) Gasdermin E-mediated target cell pyroptosis by CAR T cells triggers cytokine release syndrome. Sci Immunol 5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciimmunol.aax7969","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aax7969"},{"key":"6538_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.23.021704.115806","volume":"23","author":"T Kishimoto","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kishimoto T (2005) Interleukin-6: from basic science to medicine\u201340 years in immunology. Annu Rev Immunol 23:1\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.immunol.23.021704.115806","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"6538_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V74.1.1.1","volume":"74","author":"T Kishimoto","year":"1989","unstructured":"Kishimoto T (1989) The biology of interleukin-6. Blood 74:1\u201310","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"6538_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.2217\/imt-2016-0020","volume":"8","author":"T Tanaka","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tanaka T, Narazaki M, Kishimoto T (2016) Immunotherapeutic implications of IL-6 blockade for cytokine storm. Immunotherapy 8:959\u2013970. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2217\/imt-2016-0020","journal-title":"Immunotherapy"},{"key":"6538_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0041-7","volume":"24","author":"T Giavridis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Giavridis T et al (2018) CAR T cell-induced cytokine release syndrome is mediated by macrophages and abated by IL-1 blockade. Nat Med 24:731\u2013738. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-018-0041-7","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"6538_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2009.00782.x","volume":"229","author":"R Elgueta","year":"2009","unstructured":"Elgueta R et al (2009) Molecular mechanism and function of CD40\/CD40L engagement in the immune system. Immunol Rev 229:152\u2013172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2009.00782.x","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"6538_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s40164-020-00171-5","volume":"9","author":"Z Hao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hao Z, Li R, Meng L, Han Z, Hong Z (2020) Macrophage, the potential key mediator in CAR-T related CRS. Exp Hematol Oncol 9:15. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40164-020-00171-5","journal-title":"Exp Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"6538_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd3800","volume":"11","author":"CA Dinarello","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dinarello CA, Simon A, van der Meer JW (2012) Treating inflammation by blocking interleukin-1 in a broad spectrum of diseases. Nat Rev Drug Discovery 11:633\u2013652. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrd3800","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discovery"},{"key":"6538_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0036-4","volume":"24","author":"M Norelli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Norelli M et al (2018) Monocyte-derived IL-1 and IL-6 are differentially required for cytokine-release syndrome and neurotoxicity due to CAR T cells. Nat Med 24:739\u2013748. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-018-0036-4","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"6538_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2569","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-08-802413","volume":"130","author":"AE Obstfeld","year":"2017","unstructured":"Obstfeld AE et al (2017) Cytokine release syndrome associated with chimeric-antigen receptor T-cell therapy: clinicopathological insights. Blood 130:2569\u20132572. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood-2017-08-802413","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"6538_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.102975","volume":"59","author":"G Xie","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xie G et al (2020) CAR-NK cells: A promising cellular immunotherapy for cancer. EBioMedicine 59:102975. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.102975","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"6538_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.707542","volume":"12","author":"MB Khawar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khawar MB, Sun H (2021) CAR-NK Cells: From Natural Basis to Design for Kill. Front Immunol 12:707542. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.707542","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"6538_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Buller CW, Mathew PA, Mathew SO (2020) Roles of NK Cell Receptors 2B4 (CD244), CS1 (CD319), and LLT1 (CLEC2D) in Cancer. Cancers 12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers12071755","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12071755"},{"key":"6538_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"T\u00f6pfer K et al (2015) DAP12-based activating chimeric antigen receptor for NK cell tumor immunotherapy. J Immunol (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 194:3201\u20133212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.1400330","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1400330"},{"key":"6538_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1038\/ni929","volume":"4","author":"DD Billadeau","year":"2003","unstructured":"Billadeau DD, Upshaw JL, Schoon RA, Dick CJ, Leibson PJ (2003) NKG2D-DAP10 triggers human NK cell-mediated killing via a Syk-independent regulatory pathway. Nat Immunol 4:557\u2013564. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ni929","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"6538_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018-025-00940-3","volume":"6","author":"W Lei","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lei W et al (2025) Safety and feasibility of 4\u20131BB co-stimulated CD19-specific CAR-NK cell therapy in refractory\/relapsed large B cell lymphoma: a phase 1 trial. Nature cancer 6:786\u2013800. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s43018-025-00940-3","journal-title":"Nature cancer"},{"key":"6538_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40164-024-00592-6","volume":"14","author":"R Huang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Huang R et al (2025) Safety and efficacy of CD33-targeted CAR-NK cell therapy for relapsed\/refractory AML: preclinical evaluation and phase I trial. Exp Hematol Oncol 14:1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40164-024-00592-6","journal-title":"Exp Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"6538_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.Cir-17-0207","volume":"6","author":"VYS Oei","year":"2018","unstructured":"Oei VYS et al (2018) Intrinsic Functional Potential of NK-Cell Subsets Constrains Retargeting Driven by Chimeric Antigen Receptors. Cancer Immunol Res 6:467\u2013480. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/2326-6066.Cir-17-0207","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Res"},{"key":"6538_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.2mr1218-501r","volume":"105","author":"J Wu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wu J, Mishra HK, Walcheck B (2019) Role of ADAM17 as a regulatory checkpoint of CD16A in NK cells and as a potential target for cancer immunotherapy. J Leukoc Biol 105:1297\u20131303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jlb.2mr1218-501r","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"6538_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2007.02573.x","volume":"121","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zhang Y et al (2007) In vivo kinetics of human natural killer cells: the effects of ageing and acute and chronic viral infection. Immunology 121:258\u2013265. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2007.02573.x","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"6538_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/onci.28147","volume":"3","author":"H Klingemann","year":"2014","unstructured":"Klingemann H (2014) Are natural killer cells superior CAR drivers? Oncoimmunology 3:e28147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4161\/onci.28147","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"6538_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3297","DOI":"10.2174\/092986710793176410","volume":"17","author":"GK Antony","year":"2010","unstructured":"Antony GK, Dudek AZ (2010) Interleukin 2 in cancer therapy. Curr Med Chem 17:3297\u20133302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/092986710793176410","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem"},{"key":"6538_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2013.2","volume":"10","author":"I Pedroza-Pacheco","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pedroza-Pacheco I, Madrigal A, Saudemont A (2013) Interaction between natural killer cells and regulatory T cells: perspectives for immunotherapy. Cell Mol Immunol 10:222\u2013229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/cmi.2013.2","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"6538_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1286750","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1286750","volume":"14","author":"AL Portillo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Portillo AL et al (2023) Charting a killer course to the solid tumor: strategies to recruit and activate NK cells in the tumor microenvironment. Front Immunol 14:1286750. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1286750","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"6538_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2354","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02354","volume":"10","author":"H Sun","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sun H, Sun C (2019) The Rise of NK Cell Checkpoints as Promising Therapeutic Targets in Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 10:2354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02354","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"6538_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020007748","volume":"137","author":"M Daher","year":"2021","unstructured":"Daher M et al (2021) Targeting a cytokine checkpoint enhances the fitness of armored cord blood CAR-NK cells. Blood 137:624\u2013636. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood.2020007748","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"6538_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3470","volume":"17","author":"RB Delconte","year":"2016","unstructured":"Delconte RB et al (2016) CIS is a potent checkpoint in NK cell-mediated tumor immunity. Nat Immunol 17:816\u2013824. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ni.3470","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"6538_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1010923924844","volume":"18","author":"YW Yang","year":"2001","unstructured":"Yang YW, Hsieh YC (2001) Protamine sulfate enhances the transduction efficiency of recombinant adeno-associated virus-mediated gene delivery. Pharm Res 18:922\u2013927. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/a:1010923924844","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"key":"6538_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2014.193","volume":"23","author":"C Petrillo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Petrillo C et al (2015) Cyclosporin a and rapamycin relieve distinct lentiviral restriction blocks in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Molecular therapy\u202f: the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy 23:352\u2013362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/mt.2014.193","journal-title":"Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy"},{"key":"6538_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-12-546218","volume":"124","author":"CX Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang CX et al (2014) Rapamycin relieves lentiviral vector transduction resistance in human and mouse hematopoietic stem cells. Blood 124:913\u2013923. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood-2013-12-546218","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"6538_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103149","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2023.1103149","volume":"13","author":"Z Zou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zou Z, Lin H, Li M, Lin B (2023) Tumor-associated macrophage polarization in the inflammatory tumor microenvironment. Front Oncol 13:1103149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2023.1103149","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"6538_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.783305","volume":"12","author":"C Sloas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sloas C, Gill S, Klichinsky M (2021) Engineered CAR-Macrophages as Adoptive Immunotherapies for Solid Tumors. Front Immunol 12:783305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.783305","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"6538_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.2.720","volume":"90","author":"Z Eshhar","year":"1993","unstructured":"Eshhar Z, Waks T, Gross G, Schindler DG (1993) Specific activation and targeting of cytotoxic lymphocytes through chimeric single chains consisting of antibody-binding domains and the gamma or zeta subunits of the immunoglobulin and T-cell receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90:720\u2013724. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.90.2.720","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"6538_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Morrissey MA et al (2018) Chimeric antigen receptors that trigger phagocytosis. eLife 7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.36688","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.36688"},{"key":"6538_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-022-01561-5","volume":"21","author":"K Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu K et al (2022) Reprogramming the tumor microenvironment by genome editing for precision cancer therapy. Mol Cancer 21:98. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12943-022-01561-5","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"key":"6538_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3243","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-023-03490-8","volume":"72","author":"Z Duan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Duan Z, Li Z, Wang Z, Chen C, Luo Y (2023) Chimeric antigen receptor macrophages activated through TLR4 or IFN-\u03b3 receptors suppress breast cancer growth by targeting VEGFR2. Cancer immunology, immunotherapy\u202f: CII 72:3243\u20133257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00262-023-03490-8","journal-title":"Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII"},{"key":"6538_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-020-0462-y","volume":"38","author":"M Klichinsky","year":"2020","unstructured":"Klichinsky M et al (2020) Human chimeric antigen receptor macrophages for cancer immunotherapy. Nat Biotechnol 38:947\u2013953. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41587-020-0462-y","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"6538_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-023-01687-8","volume":"25","author":"A Lei","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lei A et al (2024) A second-generation M1-polarized CAR macrophage with antitumor efficacy. Nat Immunol 25:102\u2013116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41590-023-01687-8","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"6538_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chen Y et al (2021) CAR-macrophage: A new immunotherapy candidate against solid tumors. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie 139:111605. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.111605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.111605"},{"key":"6538_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-019-0578-3","volume":"121","author":"W Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang W et al (2019) Chimeric antigen receptor macrophage therapy for breast tumours mediated by targeting the tumour extracellular matrix. Br J Cancer 121:837\u2013845. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41416-019-0578-3","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"6538_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2018.11.002","volume":"34","author":"JN Brudno","year":"2019","unstructured":"Brudno JN, Kochenderfer JN (2019) Recent advances in CAR T-cell toxicity: Mechanisms, manifestations and management. Blood Rev 34:45\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.blre.2018.11.002","journal-title":"Blood Rev"},{"key":"6538_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6058147","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/6058147","volume":"2016","author":"J Kim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim J, Bae JS (2016) Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Neutrophils in Tumor Microenvironment. Mediators Inflamm 2016:6058147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2016\/6058147","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"key":"6538_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1038\/d41573-020-00053-9","volume":"19","author":"MT Villanueva","year":"2020","unstructured":"Villanueva MT (2020) Macrophages get a CAR. Nat Rev Drug Discovery 19:308. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/d41573-020-00053-9","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discovery"},{"key":"6538_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1038\/gt.2012.61","volume":"20","author":"S Bobadilla","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bobadilla S, Sunseri N, Landau NR (2013) Efficient transduction of myeloid cells by an HIV-1-derived lentiviral vector that packages the Vpx accessory protein. Gene Ther 20:514\u2013520. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/gt.2012.61","journal-title":"Gene Ther"},{"key":"6538_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2852","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02852","volume":"10","author":"D van der Heide","year":"2019","unstructured":"van der Heide D, Weiskirchen R, Bansal R (2019) Therapeutic Targeting of Hepatic Macrophages for the Treatment of Liver Diseases. Front Immunol 10:2852. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02852","journal-title":"Front Immunol"}],"container-title":["Annals of Hematology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00277-025-06538-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00277-025-06538-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00277-025-06538-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T05:30:02Z","timestamp":1761283802000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00277-025-06538-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":102,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["6538"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00277-025-06538-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0939-5555","1432-0584"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0939-5555","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0584","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 September 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}},{"value":"Ethical approval and informed consent not applicable \u2013 review article.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval and informed consent."}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclosure statement"}}]}}