{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T19:43:56Z","timestamp":1789674236831,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]],"date-time":"2025-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763164800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]],"date-time":"2025-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Hematol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-025-06622-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]],"date-time":"2025-11-15T02:17:47Z","timestamp":1763173067000},"page":"6117-6130","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Richter\u2019s transformation: status quo and quo vadis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"104","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1759-892X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibtesam M.","family":"Khalifa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"6622_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.829983","volume":"12","author":"A Condoluci","year":"2022","unstructured":"Condoluci A, Rossi D (2022) Biology and treatment of Richter transformation. Front Oncol 12:829983","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"issue":"25","key":"6622_CR2","first-page":"2761","volume":"131","author":"D Rossi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rossi D, Spina V, Gaidano G (2018) Biology and treatment of Richter syndrome. Blood J Am Soc Hematol 131(25):2761\u20132772","journal-title":"Blood J Am Soc Hematol"},{"key":"6622_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2021.100824","volume":"49","author":"A Petrackova","year":"2021","unstructured":"Petrackova A, Turcsanyi P, Papajik T, Kriegova E (2021) Revisiting richter transformation in the era of novel CLL agents. Blood Rev 49:100824","journal-title":"Blood Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"6622_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000001077","volume":"42","author":"R He","year":"2018","unstructured":"He R, Ding W, Viswanatha DS, Chen D, Shi M, Van Dyke D, Tian Shulan, Dao Linda N., Parikh Sameer A., Shanafelt Tait D., Call Timothy G., Ansell Stephen M., Leis Jose F., Mai Ming, Hanson Curtis A., Rech KL (2018) PD-1 expression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia\/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL\/SLL) and large B-cell Richter transformation (DLBCL-RT): a characteristic feature of DLBCL-RT and potential surrogate marker for clonal relatedness. Am J Surg Pathol 42(7):843\u2013854","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"issue":"6","key":"6622_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.12458","volume":"162","author":"SA Parikh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Parikh SA, Rabe KG, Call TG, Zent CS, Habermann TM, Ding W, Leis Jose F., Schwager Susan M., Hanson Curtis A., Macon William R., Kay Neil E., Slager Susan L., Shanafelt TD (2013) Diffuse large B\u2010cell lymphoma (R ichter syndrome) in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL): a cohort study of newly diagnosed patients. Br J Haematol 162(6):774\u2013782","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"10","key":"6622_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2513","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-021-04603-y","volume":"100","author":"R Elnair","year":"2021","unstructured":"Elnair R, Ellithi M, Kallam A, Shostrom V, Bociek RG (2021) Outcomes of Richter\u2019s transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia\/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL\/SLL): an analysis of the SEER database. Ann Hematol 100(10):2513\u20132519","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"6622_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3271","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2023-185076","volume":"142","author":"PJ Hampel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hampel PJ, Rabe KG, Wang Y, Hwang SR, Kenderian SS, Muchtar E, Leis Jose F., Koehler Amber, Tsang Mazie, Parrondo Ricardo, Bubik Rachel, Schwager Susan Marie, Hanson Curtis A., Braggio Esteban, Slager Susan L., Shi Min, Van Dyke Daniel L., Call Timothy G., Kay Neil E., Ding Wei, Parikh SA (2023) Incidence of richter transformation in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)\/small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL): a cohort study evaluating different therapeutic eras. Blood 142:3271","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"12","key":"6622_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3391","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-09-302174","volume":"117","author":"D Rossi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rossi D, Spina V, Deambrogi C, Rasi S, Laurenti L, Stamatopoulos K, Arcaini Luca, Lucioni Marco, Rocque Gabrielle B., Xu-Monette Zijun Y., Visco Carlo, Chang Julie, Chigrinova Ekaterina, Forconi Francesco, Marasca Roberto, Besson Caroline, Papadaki Theodora, Paulli Marco, Larocca Luigi M., Pileri Stefano A., Gattei Valter, Bertoni Francesco, Fo\u00e0 Robin, Young Ken H., Gaidano G (2011) The genetics of Richter syndrome reveals disease heterogeneity and predicts survival after transformation. Blood 117(12):3391\u20133401","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"2","key":"6622_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.22.01028","volume":"41","author":"E Smyth","year":"2023","unstructured":"Smyth E, Eyre TA, Cheah CY (2023) Emerging therapies for the management of Richter transformation. J Clin Oncol 41(2):395\u2013409","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"6622_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2023.102619","volume":"120","author":"P Abrisqueta","year":"2023","unstructured":"Abrisqueta P, Nadeu F, Bosch-Schips J, Iacoboni G, Serna A, Cabirta A, Y\u00e1\u00f1ez Lucrecia, Quintanilla-Mart\u00ednez Leticia, Bosch F (2023) From genetics to therapy: unraveling the complexities of Richter transformation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer Treat Rev 120:102619","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev"},{"key":"6622_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Mello RB, Do Vale ECS (2020) Ulcerated cutaneous Richter syndrome.\u00a0Dermatol Online J 26(9):13030","DOI":"10.5070\/D3269050165"},{"key":"6622_CR12","volume":"43","author":"CE Ryan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ryan CE, Davids MS (2023) Practical management of Richter transformation in 2023 and beyond. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 43:e390804","journal-title":"Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book"},{"issue":"10","key":"6622_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.24473","volume":"91","author":"RLMC Agbay","year":"2016","unstructured":"Agbay RLMC, Jain N, Loghavi S, Medeiros LJ, Khoury JD (2016) Histologic transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia\/small lymphocytic lymphoma. Am J Hematol 91(10):1036\u20131043","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"issue":"12","key":"6622_CR14","volume":"26","author":"X Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang X, Chen J (2025) Molecular features accompanying Richter\u2019s transformation in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 26(12):5563","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"6622_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020008276","volume":"138","author":"S Chakraborty","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chakraborty S, Martines C, Porro F, Fortunati I, Bonato A, Dimishkovska M, Piazza Silvano, Yadav Brijesh S., Innocenti Idanna, Fazio Rosa, Vaisitti Tiziana, Deaglio Silvia, Zam\u00f2 Alberto, Dimovski Aleksandar J., Laurenti Luca, Efremov DG (2021) B-cell receptor signaling and genetic lesions in TP53 and CDKN2A\/CDKN2B cooperate in Richter transformation. Blood 138(12):1053\u20131066","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"15","key":"6622_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2673","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-03-489518","volume":"122","author":"E Chigrinova","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chigrinova E, Rinaldi A, Kwee I, Rossi D, Rancoita PM, Strefford JC, Rancoita Paola M. V., Oscier David, Stamatopoulos Kostas, Papadaki Theodora, Berger Francoise, Young Ken H., Murray Fiona, Rosenquist Richard, Greiner Timothy C., Chan Wing C., Orlandi Ester M., Lucioni Marco, Marasca Roberto, Inghirami Giorgio, Ladetto Marco, Forconi Francesco, Cogliatti Sergio, Votavova Hana, Swerdlow Steven H., Stilgenbauer Stephan, Piris Miguel A., Matolcsy Andras, Spagnolo Dominic, Nikitin Eugene, Zam\u00f2 Alberto, Gattei Valter, Bhagat Govind, Ott German, Zucca Emanuele, Gaidano Gianluca, Bertoni F (2013) Two main genetic pathways lead to the transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia to Richter syndrome. Blood 122(15):2673\u20132682","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"2","key":"6622_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2403249","volume":"18","author":"B Timar","year":"2004","unstructured":"Timar B, F\u00fcl\u00f6p Z, Csernus B, Angster C, Bognar A, Szepesi A, Kopper L, Matolcsy A (2004) Relationship between the mutational status of VH genes and pathogenesis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in Richter\u2019s syndrome. Leukemia 18(2):326\u2013330","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"6622_CR18","unstructured":"Smit LA, Van Maldegem F, Langerak AW, Van Der Schoot CE, De Wit MJ, Bea S,..., Van Noesel CJ (2006) Antigen receptors and somatic hypermutation in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia with Richter's transformation.\u00a0Haematologica\u00a091(7):903\u2013911"},{"issue":"10","key":"6622_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e31804bdaf8","volume":"31","author":"Z Mao","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mao Z, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Raffeld M, Richter M, Krugmann J, Burek C, Hartmann Elena, Rudiger Thomas, Jaffe Elaine S., M\u00fcller-Hermelink Hans Konrad, Ott German, Fend Falko, Rosenwald A (2007) IgVH mutational status and clonality analysis of Richter\u2019s transformation: diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma in association with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) represent 2 different pathways of disease evolution. Am J Surg Pathol 31(10):1605\u20131614","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"6622_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.09.007","volume":"66","author":"A Tzankov","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tzankov A, Fong D (2006) Hodgkin\u2019s disease variant of Richter\u2019s syndrome clonally related to chronic lymphocytic leukemia arises in ZAP-70 negative mutated CLL. Med Hypotheses 66(3):577\u2013579","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"issue":"2","key":"6622_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-09-379966","volume":"119","author":"D Rossi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rossi D, Rasi S, Fabbri G, Spina V, Fangazio M, Forconi F, Marasca Roberto, Laurenti Luca, Bruscaggin Alessio, Cerri Michaela, Monti Sara, Cresta Stefania, Fam\u00e0 Rosella, De Paoli Lorenzo, Bulian Pietro, Gattei Valter, Guarini Anna, Deaglio Silvia, Capello Daniela, Rabadan Raul, Pasqualucci Laura, Dalla-Favera Riccardo, Fo\u00e0 Robin, Gaidano G (2012) Mutations of NOTCH1 are an independent predictor of survival in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 119(2):521\u2013529","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"5","key":"6622_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020005734","volume":"137","author":"V Kohlhaas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kohlhaas V, Blakemore SJ, Al-Maarri M, Nickel N, Pal M, Roth A, H\u00f6velmeyer Nadine, Sch\u00e4fer Stephan C., Knittel Gero, Lohneis Philipp, Nikolic Milos, Wiederstein Janica L., Franitza Marek, Georgomonolis Theodoros, Reinart Nina, Herling Marco, Herling Carmen, Hartmann Elena M., Rosenwald Andreas, Klapper Wolfram, B\u00fcttner Reinhard, Moia Riccardo, Rossi Davide, Boldorini Renzo, Gaidano Gianluca, Frenzel Lukas P., Reinhardt Hans Christian, Br\u00fcning Jens C., Hallek Michael, Kr\u00fcger Marcus, Peifer Martin, Pallasch Christian P., Wunderlich FT (2021) Active Akt signaling triggers CLL toward Richter transformation via overactivation of Notch1. Blood 137(5):646\u2013660","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"20","key":"6622_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2800","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020005650","volume":"137","author":"J Klintman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Klintman J, Appleby N, Stamatopoulos B, Ridout K, Eyre TA, Robbe P, Pascua Laura Lopez, Knight Samantha J. L., Dreau Helene, Cabes Maite, Popitsch Niko, Ehinger Mats, Mart\u00edn-Subero Jose I., Campo El\u00edas, M\u00e5nsson Robert, Rossi Davide, Taylor Jenny C., Vavoulis Dimitrios V., Schuh A (2021) Genomic and transcriptomic correlates of Richter transformation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 137(20):2800\u20132816","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"6","key":"6622_CR24","first-page":"7540","volume":"8","author":"L Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang L, Aghel A, Peterson B, Wang-Rodriguez J, Wang HY, Zhao XF (2015) Richter transformation with c-MYC overexpression: report of three cases. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 8(6):7540","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Pathol"},{"key":"6622_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsimberidou AM, O\u2019Brien S, Kantarjian HM, Koller C, Hagemeister FB, Fayad L,..., Keating MJ (2006) Hodgkin transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia: the MD Anderson cancer center experience.\u00a0Cancer 107(6):1294-1302","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.22121"},{"issue":"8","key":"6622_CR26","first-page":"1267","volume":"47","author":"JF Bruzzi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bruzzi JF, Macapinlac H, Tsimberidou AM, Truong MT, Keating MJ, Marom EM, Munden RF (2006) Detection of Richter\u2019s transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia by PET\/CT. J Nucl Med 47(8):1267\u20131273","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"6622_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16091778","volume":"16","author":"D Albano","year":"2024","unstructured":"Albano D, Rizzo A, Racca M, Muoio B, Bertagna F, Treglia G (2024) The diagnostic performance of 2-[18F] FDG PET\/CT in identifying Richter transformation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: an updated systematic review and bivariate meta-analysis. Cancers (Basel) 16(9):1778","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"issue":"11","key":"6622_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2258","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2018.207068","volume":"104","author":"AR Mato","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mato AR, Wierda WG, Davids MS, Cheson BD, Coutre SE, Choi M, Furman Richard R., Heffner Leonard, Barr Paul M., Eradat Herbert, Ford Sharanya M., Zhou Lang, Verdugo Maria, Humerickhouse Rod A., Potluri Jalaja, Byrd JC (2019) Utility of positron emission tomography-computed tomography in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia following B-cell receptor pathway inhibitor therapy. Haematologica 104(11):2258","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"issue":"1","key":"6622_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2011.08907.x","volume":"156","author":"B Bockorny","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bockorny B, Codreanu I, Dasanu CA (2012) Hodgkin lymphoma as Richter transformation in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: a retrospective analysis of world literature. Br J Haematol 156(1):50\u201366","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"6","key":"6622_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1111\/his.13024","volume":"69","author":"EJ Soilleux","year":"2016","unstructured":"Soilleux EJ, Wotherspoon A, Eyre TA, Clifford R, Cabes M, Schuh AH (2016) Diagnostic dilemmas of high-grade transformation (Richter\u2019s syndrome) of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: results of the phase II National Cancer Research Institute CHOP-OR clinical trial specialist haemato-pathology central review. Histopathology 69(6):1066\u20131076","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"issue":"3","key":"6622_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2024028064","volume":"146","author":"AS Kittai","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kittai AS, Marchetti M, Al-Sawaf O, Benjamini O, Danilov AV, Davids MS, Eichhorst Barbara, Eyre Toby A., Frustaci Anna Maria, Hallek Michael, Hampel Paul J., Herishanu Yair, Hicks Rodney J., Kater Arnon P., King Rebecca L., Martin-Subero Jose I., Owen Carolyn, Parry Erin, Ponzoni Maurilio, Rossi Davide, Siddiqi Tanya, Stilgenbauer Stephan, Tam Constantine S., Hacken Elisa ten, Thompson Philip A., Wierda William, Gaidano Gianluca, Woyach Jennifer A., Ghia P (2025) International consensus statement on diagnosis, evaluation, and research of Richter transformation: the ERIC recommendations. Blood 146(3):291\u2013303","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"9","key":"6622_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2010.022277","volume":"95","author":"E Gin\u00e9","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gin\u00e9 E, Martinez A, Villamor N, L\u00f3pez-Guillermo A, Camos M, Martinez D, Esteve J, Calvo X, Muntanola A, Abrisqueta P, Rozman M, Rozman C, Bosch F, Campo E, Montserrat E (2010) Expanded and highly active proliferation centers identify a histological subtype of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (\u201caccelerated\u201d chronic lymphocytic leukemia) with aggressive clinical behavior. Haematologica 95(9):1526","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"issue":"4","key":"6622_CR33","first-page":"249","volume":"15","author":"N Gupta","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gupta N, Mittal A, Duggal R, Dadu T, Agarwal A, Handoo A (2021) Hodgkin variant of Richter\u2019s transformation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL): an illustrative case report and literature review. Int J Hematol-Oncol Stem Cell Res 15(4):249","journal-title":"Int J Hematol-Oncol Stem Cell Res"},{"issue":"41","key":"6622_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12701","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000012701","volume":"97","author":"L Xu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xu L, Song JC, Sun XH, Gao ZF, Lv L, Zhu J (2018) Richter\u2019s syndrome of the central nervous system diagnosed concurrently with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: a case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 97(41):e12701","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"6622_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2024.1296238","volume":"14","author":"AJ Jauch","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jauch AJ, Alborelli I, Reusser A, Baschong A, R\u00fctsche C, Bignucolo O, Passweg Jakob, Dirnhofer Stefan, Krasniqi F (2024) Case report: \u2018atypical Richter transformation from CLL-type monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis into Burkitt lymphoma in a treatment Na\u00efve patient.\u2019 Front Oncol 14:1296238","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"6622_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma Y, Mansour A, Bekele BN, Zhou X, Keating MJ, O\u2019Brien S,..., Albitar M (2004). The clinical significance of large cells in bone marrow in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.\u00a0Cancer: Interdiscip Int J Am Cancer Soc 100(10):2167-2175","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.20251"},{"key":"6622_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-025-02666-8","author":"S Pepe","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pepe S, Vitale C, Giannarelli D, Visentin A, Sanna A, Frustaci AM, Olivieri Jacopo, Quaglia Francesca Maria, Gozzetti Alessandro, Sportoletti Paolo, Murru Roberta, Innocenti Idanna, Reda Gianluigi, Pupo Livio, Levato Luciano, Porrazzo Marika, Ilariucci Fiorella, Moia Riccardo, Foglietta Myriam, Rigolin Gian Matteo, Chiurazzi Federico, Trastulli Fabio, Cellini Alessandro, Deodato Marina, Martino Enrica, Laurenti Luca, Coscia Marta, Cuneo Antonio, Gaidano Gianluca, Rossi Davide, Gentile Massimo, Mauro FR (2025) Richter transformation in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia receiving ibrutinib: risk factors and outcomes. Leukemia. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41375-025-02666-8","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"6622_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsimberidou AM, O\u2019Brien S, Khouri I, Giles FJ, Kantarjian HM, Champlin R,..., Keating MJ (2006) Clinical outcomes and prognostic factors in patients with Richter's syndrome treated with chemotherapy or chemoimmunotherapy with or without stem-cell transplantation. J Clin Oncol 24(15):2343-2351","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.05.0187"},{"issue":"2","key":"6622_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1080\/10428194.2023.2277140","volume":"65","author":"O So\u015bnia","year":"2024","unstructured":"So\u015bnia O, Pruszczyk K, Danecki M, W\u0105sik-Szczepanek E, Tryc-Szponder J, Iskierka-Ja\u017cd\u017cewska E, Majeranowski Alan, Krzemie\u0144 Helena, Bo\u0142kun \u0141ukasz, Paszkiewicz-Kozik Ewa, Drozd-Soko\u0142owska Joanna, Kwiatkowski Jacek, Wi\u015bniewska-Organek Dominika, Prochorec-Sobieszek Monika, Szumera-Cie\u0107kiewicz Anna, Budziszewska Bo\u017cena, Jamroziak Krzysztof, Hus Iwona, Lech-Mara\u0144da Ewa, Pu\u0142a B (2024) Richter transformation\u2013retrospective treatment outcomes analysis in Polish adult leukemia study group. Leuk Lymphoma 65(2):175\u2013186","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"issue":"1","key":"6622_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-025-01236-6","volume":"15","author":"AS Kittai","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kittai AS, Huang Y, Miller S, Allan JN, Bhat SA, Bond DA, Brander Danielle M., Byrd John C., Chavez Julio C., Chong Elise, Davids Matthew S., Danilov Alexey V., Ding Wei, Dowling Mark R., Dvorak-Kornaus Kaitlyn, Freedman Hannah, Hampel Paul J., Ho Carrie, Hwang Steven R., Islam Prioty, Malakhov Nikita, Matasar Matthew, Miller Cecelia, Omer Zulfa, Parikh Sameer A., Parry Erin, Rabe Kari G., Raess Philipp W., Rai Manoj, Roeker Lindsey, Rhodes Joanna, Rogers Kerry A., Saha Aditi, Schade Jake, Scott Hamish W., Shadman Mazyar, Shouse Geoffrey, Skarbnik Alan, Spurgeon Stephen, Stephens Deborah M., Thompson Meghan C., Thompson Philip A., Wang Yucai, Yano Max, Woyach JA (2025) Outcomes of patients with Richter transformation who received no prior chemoimmunotherapy for their CLL. Blood Cancer J 15(1):23","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J"},{"issue":"12","key":"6622_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E239","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.23841","volume":"89","author":"P Langerbeins","year":"2014","unstructured":"Langerbeins P, Busch R, Anheier N, D\u00fcrig J, Bergmann M, Goebeler ME, Goebeler Maria\u2010Elisabeth, Hurtz Hans\u2010J\u00fcrgen, Stauch Martina B., Stilgenbauer Stephan, D\u00f6hner Hartmut, Fink Anna\u2010Maria, Cramer Paula, Fischer Kirsten, Wendtner Clemens\u2010Martin, Hallek Michael, Eichhorst B (2014) Poor efficacy and tolerability of R\u2010CHOP in relapsed\/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia and Richter transformation. Am J Hematol 89(12):E239\u2013E243","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6622_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.14177","volume":"175","author":"TA Eyre","year":"2016","unstructured":"Eyre TA, Clifford R, Bloor A, Boyle L, Roberts C, Cabes M, Collins Graham P., Devereux Stephen, Follows George, Fox Christopher P., Gribben John, Hillmen Peter, Hatton Chris S., Littlewood Tim J., McCarthy Helen, Murray Jim, Pettitt Andrew R., Soilleux Elizabeth, Stamatopoulos Basile, Love Sharon B., Wotherspoon Andrew, Schuh A (2016) NCRI phase II study of CHOP in combination with ofatumumab in induction and maintenance in newly diagnosed Richter syndrome. Br J Haematol 175(1):43\u201354","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"23","key":"6622_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2951","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V126.23.2951.2951","volume":"126","author":"KA Rogers","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rogers KA, Salem G, Stephens DM, Andritsos LA, Awan FT, Byrd JC, Flynn Joseph M., Maddocks Kami J., Huang Ying, Ruppert Amy S., Jones JA (2015) A single-institution retrospective cohort study of patients treated with R-EPOCH for Richter\u2019s transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 126(23):2951","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"2","key":"6622_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.11.8513","volume":"26","author":"AM Tsimberidou","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tsimberidou AM, Wierda WG, Plunkett W, Kurzrock R, O\u2019Brien S, Wen S, Ferrajoli Alessandra, Ravandi-Kashani Farhad, Garcia-Manero Guillermo, Estrov Zeev, Kipps Thomas J., Brown Jennifer R., Fiorentino Albert, Lerner Susan, Kantarjian Hagop M., Keating MJ (2008) Phase I-II study of oxaliplatin, fludarabine, cytarabine, and rituximab combination therapy in patients with Richter\u2019s syndrome or fludarabine-refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Clin Oncol 26(2):196\u2013203","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"6622_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2013.03.012","volume":"13","author":"AM Tsimberidou","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tsimberidou AM, Wierda WG, Wen S, Plunkett W, O\u2019Brien S, Kipps TJ, Jones Jeffrey A., Badoux Xavier, Kantarjian Hagop, Keating Michael J., Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Research Consortium (2013) Phase I-II clinical trial of oxaliplatin, fludarabine, cytarabine, and rituximab therapy in aggressive relapsed\/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia or Richter syndrome. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk 13(5):568\u2013574","journal-title":"Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk"},{"key":"6622_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dabaja BS, O\u2019brien SM, Kantarjian HM, Cortes JE, Thomas DA, Albitar M,..., Giles FJ (2001) Fractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, liposomal daunorubicin (daunoXome), and dexamethasone (hyperCVXD) regimen in Richter's syndrome.\u00a0Leuk Lymphoma 42(3), 329-337","DOI":"10.3109\/10428190109064589"},{"issue":"10","key":"6622_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1676","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-12-610782","volume":"125","author":"M Tsang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tsang M, Shanafelt TD, Call TG, Ding W, Chanan-Khan A, Leis JF, Nowakowski Grzegorz S., Bowen Deborah, Conte Michael, Schwager Susan M., Slager Susan L., Kay Neil E., Hanson Curtis A., Parikh SA (2015) The efficacy of ibrutinib in the treatment of Richter syndrome. Blood 125(10):1676\u20131678","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"4","key":"6622_CR48","volume":"7","author":"C Tam","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tam C, Munoz J, Cull G, Opat S, Allewelt H, Zhang X, Stern Jennifer C., Hilger James, By Kunthel, Cohen Aileen, Tedeschi A (2023) Zanubrutinib, alone and in combination with tislelizumab, for the treatment of Richter transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Hemasphere 7(4):e870","journal-title":"Hemasphere"},{"issue":"9","key":"6622_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e682","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(24)00172-8","volume":"11","author":"WG Wierda","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wierda WG, Shah NN, Cheah CY, Lewis D, Hoffmann MS, Coombs CC, Lamanna Nicole, Ma Shuo, Jagadeesh Deepa, Munir Talha, Wang Yucai, Eyre Toby A, Rhodes Joanna M, McKinney Matthew, Lech-Maranda Ewa, Tam Constantine S, Jurczak Wojciech, Izutsu Koji, Alencar Alvaro J, Patel Manish R, Seymour John F, Woyach Jennifer A, Thompson Philip A, Abada Paolo B, Ho Caleb, McNeely Samuel C, Marella Narasimha, Nguyen Bastien, Wang Chunxiao, Ruppert Amy S, Nair Binoj, Liu Hui, Tsai Donald E, Roeker Lindsey E, Ghia P (2024) Pirtobrutinib, a highly selective, non-covalent (reversible) BTK inhibitor in patients with B-cell malignancies: analysis of the Richter transformation subgroup from the multicentre, open-label, phase 1\/2 BRUIN study. Lancet Haematol 11(9):e682\u2013e692","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol"},{"key":"6622_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4298","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2019-127260","volume":"134","author":"J Woyach","year":"2019","unstructured":"Woyach J, Stephens DM, Flinn IW, Bhat SA, Savage RE, Chai F, Eathiraj Sudharshan, Granlund Lindsey, Szuszkiewicz Lyndsey A., Schwartz Brian, Byrd JC (2019) Final results of phase 1, dose escalation study evaluating ARQ 531 in patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell lymphoid malignancies. Blood 134:4298","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"6622_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2022-160157","author":"G Shouse","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shouse G, Siddiqi T, Popplewell LL, Muir A, Melgar I, Orand K, Gonzalez Brandy, Puverel Sandrine, Wang Lili, Kittai Adam S, Chen Lu, Davids Matthew S., Danilov AV (2022) A phase I trial of PI3K\u03b1\u03b4 inhibitor copanlisib in combination with nivolumab in patients with Richter\u2019s transformation (RT) or transformed non-Hodgkin lymphoma (tNHL). Blood. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood-2022-160157","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"6622_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4628","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2024-199234","volume":"144","author":"JL Crombie","year":"2024","unstructured":"Crombie JL, Ryan CE, Ren Y, Tyekucheva S, Carey C, Zou A, Normilus Samantha, Montegaard Josie, Soumerai Jacob D., Bhandari Shruti, Arnason Jon E., Alencar Alvaro J, Kim Austin I., Parry Erin M., Armand Philippe, Fisher David C., Brown Jennifer R., Davids MS (2024) A phase 2 study of duvelisib and venetoclax in patients with relapsed or refractory (R\/R) chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or Richter\u2019s syndrome (RS). Blood 144:4628","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"8","key":"6622_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2016.70.4320","volume":"35","author":"MS Davids","year":"2017","unstructured":"Davids MS, Roberts AW, Seymour JF, Pagel JM, Kahl BS, Wierda WG, Puvvada Soham, Kipps Thomas J., Anderson Mary Ann, Salem Ahmed Hamed, Dunbar Martin, Zhu Ming, Peale Franklin, Ross Jeremy A., Gressick Lori, Desai Monali, Kim Su Young, Verdugo Maria, Humerickhouse Rod A., Gordon Gary B., Gerecitano JF (2017) Phase I first-in-human study of venetoclax in patients with relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 35(8):826\u2013833","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"6622_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2021011386","volume":"139","author":"MS Davids","year":"2022","unstructured":"Davids MS, Rogers KA, Tyekucheva S, Wang Z, Pazienza S, Renner SK, Montegaard Josie, Ihuoma Udochukwu, Lehmberg Timothy Z., Parry Erin M., Wu Catherine J., Jacobson Caron A., Fisher David C., Thompson Philip A., Brown JR (2022) Venetoclax plus dose-adjusted R-EPOCH for Richter syndrome. Blood 139(5):686\u2013689","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"6622_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hon.3164_343","author":"MS Davids","year":"2023","unstructured":"Davids MS, Rogers KA, Jain N, Tyekucheva S, Ren Y, Carey C, Montegaard J, Hajdenberg M, Ryan CE, Merryman R, Kim A, Crombie J, Jacobson CA, LaCasce AS, Fisher DC, Ahn IE, Parry EM, Brown JR, Thompson PA (2023) Initial results of a multicenter phase 2 study of venetoclax in combination with R\u2010CHOP (VR\u2010CHOP) for patients with Richter syndrome. Hematol Oncol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hon.3164_343","journal-title":"Hematol Oncol"},{"issue":"12","key":"6622_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e912","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(21)00305-7","volume":"8","author":"TA Eyre","year":"2021","unstructured":"Eyre TA, Schuh A, Wierda WG, Brown JR, Ghia P, Pagel JM, Furman Richard R, Cheung Jean, Hamdy Ahmed, Izumi Raquel, Patel Priti, Wang Min Hui, Xu Yan, Byrd John C, Hillmen P (2021) Acalabrutinib monotherapy for treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (ACE-CL-001): analysis of the Richter transformation cohort of an open-label, single-arm, phase 1\u20132 study. Lancet Haematol 8(12):e912\u2013e921","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol"},{"issue":"26","key":"6622_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3419","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-02-765685","volume":"129","author":"W Ding","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ding W, LaPlant BR, Call TG, Parikh SA, Leis JF, He R, Shanafelt Tait D., Sinha Sutapa, Le-Rademacher Jennifer, Feldman Andrew L., Habermann Thomas M., Witzig Thomas E., Wiseman Gregory A., Lin Yi, Asmus Erik, Nowakowski Grzegorz S., Conte Michael J., Bowen Deborah A., Aitken Casey N., Van Dyke Daniel L., Greipp Patricia T., Liu Xin, Wu Xiaosheng, Zhang Henan, Secreto Charla R., Tian Shulan, Braggio Esteban, Wellik Linda E., Micallef Ivana, Viswanatha David S., Yan Huihuang, Chanan-Khan Asher A., Kay Neil E., Dong Haidong, Ansell SM (2017) Pembrolizumab in patients with CLL and Richter transformation or with relapsed CLL. Blood 129(26):3419\u20133427","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"2","key":"6622_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e67","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(18)30217-5","volume":"6","author":"A Younes","year":"2019","unstructured":"Younes A, Brody J, Carpio C, Lopez-Guillermo A, Ben-Yehuda D, Ferhanoglu B, Nagler Arnon, Ozcan Muhit, Avivi Irit, Bosch Francesc, Caballero Barrig\u00f3n Maria Dolores, Hellmann Andrzej, Kuss Bryone, Ma David D F, Demirkan Fatih, Ya\u011fci M\u00fcnci, Horowitz Netanel A, Marlton Paula, Cordoba Raul, Wrobel Tomasz, Buglio Daniela, Streit Michael, Hodkinson Brendan P, Schaffer Michael, Alvarez John, Ceulemans Rob, Balasubramanian Sriram, de Jong Jan, Wang Shean-Sheng, Fourneau Nele, Jurczak W (2019) Safety and activity of ibrutinib in combination with nivolumab in patients with relapsed non-Hodgkin lymphoma or chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: a phase 1\/2a study. Lancet Haematol 6(2):e67\u2013e78","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol"},{"issue":"10","key":"6622_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1958","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2022008790","volume":"7","author":"N Jain","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jain N, Senapati J, Thakral B, Ferrajoli A, Thompson P, Burger J, Basu Sreyashi, Kadia Tapan, Daver Naval, Borthakur Gautam, Konopleva Marina, Pemmaraju Naveen, Parry Erin, Wu Catherine J., Khoury Joseph, Bueso-Ramos Carlos, Garg Naveen, Wang Xuemei, Lopez Wanda, Ayala Ana, O\u2019Brien Susan, Kantarjian Hagop, Keating Michael, Allison James, Sharma Padmanee, Wierda W (2023) A phase 2 study of nivolumab combined with ibrutinib in patients with diffuse large B-cell Richter transformation of CLL. Blood Adv 7(10):1958\u20131966","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"6622_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2021-154279","volume":"138","author":"N Jain","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jain N, Ferrajoli A, Thompson PA, Konopleva M, Green MR, Sampath D, Neelapu Sattva S., Takahashi Koichi, Strati Paolo, Burger Jan A., Kanagal-Shamanna Rashmi, Khoury Joseph D., Garg Naveen, Su Xiaoping, Wang Xuemei, Patel Hinalben, Ayala Ana, Kantarjian Hagop, Keating Michael J., Wierda WG (2021) Venetoclax, obinutuzumab and atezolizumab (PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitor) for treatment for patients with Richter transformation. Blood 138:1550","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"10","key":"6622_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(24)00396-6","volume":"25","author":"A Tedeschi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tedeschi A, Frustaci AM, Condoluci A, Coscia M, Chiarle R, Zinzani PL, Motta Marina, Gaidano Gianluca, Quaresmini Giulia, Scarf\u00f2 Lydia, Catania Gioacchino, Deodato Marina, Jones Rebecca, Tabanelli Valentina, Griggio Valentina, St\u00fcssi Georg, Calleri Angelica, Pini Katia, Cairoli Roberto, Zenz Thorsten, Signori Alessio, Zucca Emanuele, Rossi Davide, Montillo M (2024) Atezolizumab, venetoclax, and obinutuzumab combination in Richter transformation diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (MOLTO): a multicentre, single-arm, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol 25(10):1298\u20131309","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6622_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02722-9","volume":"30","author":"O Al-Sawaf","year":"2024","unstructured":"Al-Sawaf O, Ligtvoet R, Robrecht S, Stumpf J, Fink AM, Tausch E, Schneider Christof, Boettcher Sebastian, Mikusko Martin, Ritgen Matthias, Schetelig Johannes, von Tresckow Julia, Vehling-Kaiser Ursula, Gaska Tobias, Wendtner Clemens Martin, Chapuy Bjoern, Fischer Kirsten, Kreuzer Karl-Anton, Stilgenbauer Stephan, Staber Philipp, Niemann Carsten, Hallek Michael, Eichhorst B (2024) Tislelizumab plus zanubrutinib for Richter transformation: the phase 2 RT1 trial. Nat Med 30(1):240\u2013248","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"6622_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benjamini O, Fried S, Shouval R, Flynn JR, Beyar-Katz O, Leslie LA,..., Avigdor A (2024) Anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy has less efficacy in Richter transformation than in de novo large B-cell lymphoma and transformed low-grade B-cell lymphoma.\u00a0Haematologica 109(11):3566","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2023.284664"},{"issue":"18","key":"6622_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.20.03175","volume":"39","author":"M Hutchings","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hutchings M, Morschhauser F, Iacoboni G, Carlo-Stella C, Offner FC, Sureda A, Salles Gilles, Mart\u00ednez-Lopez Joaqu\u00edn, Crump Michael, Thomas Denise N., Morcos Peter N., Ferlini Cristiano, Br\u00f6ske Ann-Marie E., Belousov Anton, Bacac Marina, Dimier Natalie, Carlile David J., Lundberg Linda, Perez-Callejo David, Uma\u00f1a Pablo, Moore Tom, Weisser Martin, Dickinson MJ (2021) Glofitamab, a novel, bivalent CD20-targeting T-cell\u2013engaging bispecific antibody, induces durable complete remissions in relapsed or refractory B-cell lymphoma: a phase I trial. J Clin Oncol 39(18):1959\u20131970","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"6622_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2022-159695","author":"R Guieze","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guieze R, Ysebaert L, Roos-Weil D, Fornecker LM, Ferrant E, Molina L, Aurran-Schleinitz Th\u00e9r\u00e8se, Clavert Aline, de Guibert Sophie, Michallet Anne-Sophie, Saad Alain, Drenou Bernard, Quittet Philippe, Hivert Benedicte, Laribi Kamel, Gay Julie, Bros\u00e9us Julien, Rouille Val\u00e9rie, Schwartz David, Pereira Bruno, Delmer Alain, Feugier P (2022) Blinatumomab for patients with Richter syndrome: final results of the phase 2 blinart trial from the filo group. Blood. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood-2022-159695","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"6622_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2023-173796","volume":"142","author":"CY Cheah","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cheah CY, Assouline S, Baker R, Bartlett NL, El-Sharkawi D, Giri P, Ku Matthew, Schuster Stephen J., Matasar Matthew, Radford John, Wei Michael C., Yin Shen, To Iris, Huang Jiangeng, Kwan Antonia, Budde LE (2023) Mosunetuzumab monotherapy demonstrates activity and a manageable safety profile in patients with relapsed or refractory Richter\u2019s transformation. Blood 142:614","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"18","key":"6622_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2211","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.37.4108","volume":"30","author":"K Cwynarski","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cwynarski K, Van Biezen A, De Wreede L, Stilgenbauer S, Bunjes D, Metzner B, Koza Vladimir, Mohty Mohamad, Remes Kari, Russell Nigel, Nagler Arnon, Scholten Marijke, de Witte Theo, Sureda Anna, Dreger P (2012) Autologous and allogeneic stem-cell transplantation for transformed chronic lymphocytic leukemia (Richter\u2019s syndrome): a retrospective analysis from the chronic lymphocytic leukemia subcommittee of the chronic leukemia working party and lymphoma working party of the European group for blood and marrow transplantation. J Clin Oncol 30(18):2211\u20132217","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"18","key":"6622_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3528","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2021004865","volume":"5","author":"AF Herrera","year":"2021","unstructured":"Herrera AF, Ahn KW, Litovich C, Chen Y, Assal A, Bashir Q, Bayer Ruthee-Lu, Coleman Melanie, DeFilipp Zachariah, Farhadfar Nosha, Greenwood Matthew, Hahn Theresa, Horwitz Mitchell, Jacobson Caron, Jaglowski Samantha, Lachance Sylvie, Langston Amelia, Mattar Bassam, Maziarz Richard T., McGuirk Joseph, Mian Mohammad A. H., Nathan Sunita, Phillips Adrienne, Rakszawski Kevin, Sengeloev Henrik, Shenoy Shalini, Stuart Robert, Sauter Craig S., Kharfan-Dabaja Mohamed A., Hamadani M (2021) Autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma\u2013type Richter syndrome. Blood Adv 5(18):3528\u20133539","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"issue":"12","key":"6622_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3219","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2021.279033","volume":"106","author":"HT Kim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim HT, Baker PO, Parry E, Davids M, Alyea EP, Ho VT, Cutler Corey, Koreth John, Gooptu Mahasweta, Romee Rizwan, Nikiforow Sarah, Antin Joseph H., Ritz Jerome, Soiffer Robert J., Wu Catherine J., Brown JR (2021) Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation outcomes in patients with Richter\u2019s transformation. Haematologica 106(12):3219","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"issue":"7","key":"6622_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.11238","volume":"97","author":"AM Tsimberidou","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tsimberidou AM, Kantarjian HM, Cortes J, Thomas DA, Faderl S, Garcia\u2010Manero G, Verstovsek Srdan, Ferrajoli Alessandra, Wierda William, Alvarado Yesid, O\u2019Brien Susan M., Albitar Maher, Keating Michael J., Giles FJ (2003) Fractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, liposomal daunorubicin, and dexamethasone plus rituximab and granulocyte\u2010macrophage\u2013colony stimulating factor (GM\u2010CSF) alternating with methotrexate and cytarabine plus rituximab and GM\u2010CSF in patients with Richter syndrome or fludarabine\u2010refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer 97(7):1711\u20131720","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"6622_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Davids MS, Huang Y, Rogers KA, Stern R, Brown JR, Thompson PA, Brander DM, Danilov AV, Ujjani CS, Parikh SA, Barrientos JC, Tam C, Woyach JA (2017) Richter\u2019s syndrome (RS) in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) on novel agent therapy. J Clin Oncol 35(15) Suppl.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.2017.35.15_suppl.7505","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.35.15_suppl.7505"},{"issue":"1","key":"6622_CR72","first-page":"256","volume":"2018","author":"W Ding","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ding W (2018) Richter transformation in the era of novel agents. Hematol 2014 Am Soc Hematol Educ Program Book 2018(1):256\u2013263","journal-title":"Hematol 2014 Am Soc Hematol Educ Program Book"},{"issue":"25","key":"6622_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2266","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020004782","volume":"135","author":"VS Lin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lin VS, Lew TE, Handunnetti SM, Blombery P, Nguyen T, Westerman DA, Kuss Bryone J., Tam Constantine S., Roberts Andrew W., Seymour John F., Anderson MA (2020) BTK inhibitor therapy is effective in patients with CLL resistant to venetoclax. Blood 135(25):2266\u20132270","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"3","key":"6622_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2024.07.005","volume":"25","author":"CE Jensen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jensen CE, Stephens DM (2025) SOHO state of the art updates and next questions| contemporary standard of care therapy for Richter\u2019s transformation and future directions. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk 25(3):135\u2013141","journal-title":"Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk"},{"key":"6622_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2021-153771","volume":"138","author":"GSDC Correia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Correia GSDC, Imber BS, Hajj C, Thompson MC, Mato AR, Yahalom J, Roeker LE (2021) Radiation therapy for patients with diffuse large B cell Richter\u2019s syndrome of CLL. Blood 138:1565","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"6","key":"6622_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.16748","volume":"190","author":"P Abrisqueta","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abrisqueta P, Delgado J, Alcoceba M, Oliveira AC, Loscertales J, Hern\u00e1ndez\u2010Rivas JA, Ferr\u00e0 Christelle, Cordoba Raul, Y\u00e1\u00f1ez Lucrecia, Medina Angeles, Motll\u00f3 Cristina, Iacoboni Gloria, Villacampa Guillermo, Gonz\u00e1lez Marcos, Bosch F (2020) Clinical outcome and prognostic factors of patients with Richter syndrome: real\u2010world study of the Spanish chronic lymphocytic leukemia study group (GELLC). Br J Haematol 190(6):854\u2013863","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"6622_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Sawaf O, Robrecht S, Bahlo J, Fink AM, Cramer P, v Tresckow, J,.., Eichhorst B (2021) Richter transformation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) a pooled analysis of German CLL study group (GCLLSG) front line treatment trials.\u00a0Leukemia\u00a035(1):169\u2013176.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-020-0797-x"},{"issue":"6","key":"6622_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.24714","volume":"92","author":"FR Mauro","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mauro FR, Galieni P, Tedeschi A, Laurenti L, Del Poeta G, Reda G, Motta Marina, Gozzetti Alessandro, Murru Roberta, Caputo Maria Denise, Campanelli Melissa, Frustaci Anna Maria, Innocenti Idanna, Raponi Sara, Guarini Anna, Morabito Fortunato, Fo\u00e0 Robin, Gentile M (2017) Factors predicting survival in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients developing Richter syndrome transformation into Hodgkin lymphoma. Am J Hematol 92(6):529\u2013535","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6622_CR79","first-page":"7612622","volume":"2024","author":"B Heyman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Heyman B, Choi M, Kipps TJ (2024) A+ AVD for treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma variant of Richter\u2019s transformation. Case Rep Hematol 2024(1):7612622","journal-title":"Case Rep Hematol"},{"issue":"17","key":"6622_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2071","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.24.00033","volume":"42","author":"AS Kittai","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kittai AS, Bond D, Huang Y, Bhat SA, Blyth E, Byrd JC, Chavez Julio C., Davids Matthew S., Dela Cruz Jamie P., Dowling Mark R., Duffy Caitlyn, Ho Carrie, Jacobson Caron, Jaglowski Samantha, Jain Nitin, Lin Kevin H., Miller Cecelia, McCarthy Christine, Omer Zulfa, Parry Erin, Rai Manoj, Rogers Kerry A., Saha Aditi, Schachter Levanto, Scott Hamish, Senapati Jayastu, Shadman Mazyar, Siddiqi Tanya, Stephens Deborah M., Vanguru Vinay, Wierda William, Woyach Jennifer A., Thompson PA (2024) Anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for Richter transformation: an international, multicenter, retrospective study. J Clin Oncol 42(17):2071\u20132079","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"12","key":"6622_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2016.09.013","volume":"22","author":"MA Kharfan-Dabaja","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kharfan-Dabaja MA, Kumar A, Hamadani M, Stilgenbauer S, Ghia P, Anasetti C, Dreger Peter, Montserrat Emili, Perales Miguel-Angel, Alyea Edwin P., Awan Farrukh T., Ayala Ernesto, Barrientos Jacqueline C., Brown Jennifer R., Castro Januario E., Furman Richard R., Gribben John, Hill Brian T., Mohty Mohamad, Moreno Carol, O\u2019Brien Susan, Pavletic Steven Z., Pinilla-Ibarz Javier, Reddy Nishitha M., Sorror Mohamed, Bredeson Christopher, Carpenter Paul, Savani BN (2016) Clinical practice recommendations for use of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia on behalf of the guidelines committee of the American society for blood and marrow transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 22(12):2117\u20132125","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplant"},{"issue":"3","key":"6622_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2019.224121","volume":"105","author":"Y Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang Y, Tschautscher MA, Rabe KG, Call TG, Leis JF, Kenderian SS, Kay Neil E., Muchtar Eli, Van Dyke Daniel L., Koehler Amber B., Schwager Susan M., Slager Susan L., Parikh Sameer A., Ding W (2019) Clinical characteristics and outcomes of Richter transformation: experience of 204 patients from a single center. Haematologica 105(3):765","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"issue":"2","key":"6622_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2024.01.009","volume":"61","author":"A Sud","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sud A, Parry EM, Wu CJ (2024) The molecular map of CLL and Richter\u2019s syndrome. Semin Hematol 61(2):73\u201382","journal-title":"Semin Hematol"},{"key":"6622_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1097\/01.HS9.0000847788.96420.63","volume":"6","author":"M Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang M, Mei M, Barr PM, Barrientos J, de Vos S, Furman R, Patel K, Thompson PA, Choi M, Kallam A, Zhu Y, Chakraborty S, Marinello P, Spurgeon SE (2022) P1231: zilovertamab vedotin (MK-2140) for the treatment of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma: the phase 1 dose escalation and cohort expansion WAVELINE-001 study of an anti-ROR1 antibody-drug conjugate. HemaSphere 6:1116\u20131117","journal-title":"HemaSphere"},{"key":"6622_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2020-138896","volume":"136","author":"AR Mato","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mato AR, Schuster SJ, Foss FM, Isufi I, Kothari SK, Ding W, Brander Danielle M., Sitlinger Andrea, Rosenthal Allison C., Leis Jose F., Tun Han W., Kennard Kaitlin, Nelson Allison R., Falco Victoria, Komari Celina J., Koehler Amber B., Stowe Rachel, He Wei, Kearney Albert, Gui Min, McKinlay Tim, Roeker Lindsey E, Thompson Meghan C., Huntington SF (2020) A once daily, oral, triple combination of BTK inhibitor, mTOR inhibitor and IMiD for treatment of relapsed\/refractory Richter\u2019s transformation and de novo diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Blood 136:21\u201322","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"6622_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1970","DOI":"10.1097\/01.HS9.0000851228.41662.2b","volume":"6","author":"A Sharp","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sharp A, Williams A, Blagden S, Plummer R, Hochhauser D, Krebs MG, Pacey S, Evans J, Whelan S, Nandakumar S, Rogers S, Jameson KL, Basile FG, de Bono J, Arkenau HT (2022) PB2099: a first-in-human phase 1 trial of NX-1607, a first-in-class oral CBL-B inhibitor, in patients with advanced malignancies including Richter transformation DLBCL. HemaSphere 6:1970\u20131971","journal-title":"HemaSphere"},{"key":"6622_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2023-190093","author":"N Fultang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fultang N, Schwab AM, McAneny-Droz S, Heiser D, Scherle PA, Bhagwat N (2023) PRT2527, a novel highly selective cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) inhibitor, has potent antitumor activity in combination with BTK and BCL2 inhibition in various lymphoid malignancies. Blood 142(Supplement 1):5783.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood-2023-190093","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"2","key":"6622_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s11899-023-00721-8","volume":"19","author":"A Bajwa","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bajwa A, Habib A, Kittai AS (2024) Treatment of Richter\u2019s transformation with novel therapies. Curr Hematol Malignancy Rep 19(2):45\u201355","journal-title":"Curr Hematol Malignancy Rep"}],"container-title":["Annals of Hematology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00277-025-06622-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00277-025-06622-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00277-025-06622-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]],"date-time":"2026-01-04T00:15:09Z","timestamp":1767485709000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00277-025-06622-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]]},"references-count":88,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["6622"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00277-025-06622-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-0584"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-0584","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable\n                      .","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}