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PPAR\u03b3 agonists like pioglitazone have been proposed to enhance eradication of LSCs when used alongside TKIs. This study investigated the impact of adding pioglitazone to imatinib therapy in 26 newly diagnosed chronic-phase CML patients. Patients received imatinib (400 mg) plus pioglitazone (15 mg) daily for six months, with follow-up extending to 60 months. Treatment responses and adverse events were recorded, and expression levels of\n                    <jats:italic>CITED2<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>HIF2\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes were measured before and after therapy, compared to a control group of 52 matched patients treated with imatinib alone. The combination therapy showed improved early cytogenetic and molecular responses, though long-term outcomes were not significantly different. Significant reductions in median\n                    <jats:italic>CITED2<\/jats:italic>\n                    (from 276.3 to 2.6;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.005) and\n                    <jats:italic>HIF2\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    (from 2.7 to 1;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.026) expression were observed post-treatment. These results suggest that pioglitazone may enhance early molecular response and suppress LSC-associated genes, but further research is needed to confirm its long-term benefit and clarify the role of PPAR\u03b3 modulation in CML management.\n                    <jats:bold>Clinical Trial Number:<\/jats:bold>\n                    NCT04883125.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-026-06795-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T02:50:12Z","timestamp":1771987812000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Potential utility of PPAR\u03b3 agonists in targeting chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Basma","family":"Atef","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaimaa","family":"El-Ashwah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Layla M.","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanan","family":"Gawish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5832-3561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Mabed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"6795_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.5306\/wjco.v12.i2.69","volume":"12","author":"MM Sampaio","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sampaio MM, Santos MLC, Marques HS (2021) Chronic myeloid leukemia\u2014from the Philadelphia chromosome to specific target drugs: a literature review. 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