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Although chidamide, a selective histone deacetylase inhibitor, has shown activity in T-cell malignancies, its role as post-transplant maintenance has been scarcely studied. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of chidamide as maintenance therapy in T-ALL\/T-LBL patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). We retrospectively analyzed 75 T-ALL\/T-LBL patients who underwent allo-HSCT (December 2019\u2013January 2024). Thirty-eight patients received chidamide-based maintenance, and 37 served as controls (no maintenance or non-chidamide regimens). The primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS); safety endpoints included graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) incidence and treatment-related adverse events. Chidamide maintenance was associated with significantly improved OS and PFS compared with the non-chidamide group (OS:\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.001; PFS:\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.006). Multivariate Cox regression identified chidamide maintenance (OS:\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.003; PFS:\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.006) and complete remission status before transplantation (OS:\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.013; PFS:\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.012) as independent favorable prognostic factors. Chidamide did not increase acute GVHD; chronic GVHD was numerically higher (26.32% vs. 13.51%) but mostly mild to moderate and manageable. Adverse events were primarily hematologic toxicity (bone marrow suppression) and gastrointestinal, generally manageable and rarely required treatment discontinuation. Chidamide maintenance after allo-HSCT significantly improves survival outcomes in T-ALL\/T-LBL patients with an acceptable safety profile, while pre-transplant remission status further refines prognosis. Prospective studies are warranted to confirm these findings and optimize maintenance strategies in this setting.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-026-07016-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T01:55:52Z","timestamp":1778291752000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Safety and efficacy of chidamide for maintenance therapy after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with T-ALL\/T-LBL"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Kuangfei","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaojing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohong","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianling","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nainong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"7016_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1158\/2643-3230.BCD-20-0093","volume":"2","author":"V Cordo\u2019","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cordo\u2019 V, van der Zwet JCG, Cant\u00e9-Barrett K et al (2021) T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Roadmap to Targeted Therapies. 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