{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T21:11:46Z","timestamp":1783977106212,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778284800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":59,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003483","name":"Hebrew University of Jerusalem","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003483","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Hematol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Oral azacitidine improves survival in patients with AML in first complete remission who are not candidates for allogeneic transplantation. Most favorable-risk AML patients harbor molecular markers enabling sensitive measurable residual disease (MRD) monitoring. While MRD is a well-established prognostic factor in AML, the clinical significance of MRD dynamics during maintenance therapy remains incompletely defined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a multicenter, real-world retrospective study of 30 patients with AML, predominantly ELN favorable-risk, treated with oral azacitidine maintenance following intensive induction-consolidation. MRD was assessed longitudinally using standardized molecular and flow-based assays. Outcomes were analyzed according to MRD status at maintenance initiation and subsequent MRD conversion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>At initiation of oral azacitidine, 47% of patients were MRD-positive. MRD conversion to negativity occurred in 64% of these patients during maintenance. Relapse-free survival (RFS) was comparable between patients who were MRD-negative at baseline and those who converted to MRD negativity (24-months restricted median RFS 577 vs. 638\u00a0days), whereas patients with persistent MRD positivity experienced early relapse (24-months restricted median RFS 63\u00a0days). Despite inferior RFS, overall survival did not significantly differ between MRD-defined groups. Patients relapsing after oral azacitidine retained sensitivity to subsequent therapies, including venetoclax\u2013azacitidine\u2013based regimens, with high rates of molecular response.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Oral azacitidine was associated with high rates of MRD conversion, conferring RFS comparable to patients who were MRD-negative at treatment initiation. Persistent MRD identified patients at high-risk for early relapse, while effective salvage therapies mitigated overall survival differences. These findings support prospective evaluation of MRD-guided maintenance strategies in favorable-risk AML but should be considered hypothesis-generating given the retrospective design and limited cohort size. The trial is on behalf of the Israel Acute Leukemia Group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-026-07054-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T23:35:18Z","timestamp":1778283318000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["MRD conversion during oral azacitidine maintenance correlates with outcomes in predominantly favorable-risk AML"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Noa","family":"Hurvitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Amitai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilana Levy","family":"Yurkovski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ariella","family":"Tvito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yishai","family":"Ofran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tzvika","family":"Porges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ofir","family":"Wolach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adi","family":"Sherban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noa Gross","family":"Even-Zohar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Vainstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnon","family":"Haran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shlomzion","family":"Aumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Mikhelashvili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avraham","family":"Frisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boaz","family":"Nachmias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"7054_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2017015222","volume":"2","author":"S Vasu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vasu S, Kohlschmidt J, Mr\u00f3zek K et al (2018) Ten-year outcome of patients with acute myeloid leukemia not treated with allogeneic transplantation in first complete remission. 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