{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T03:24:02Z","timestamp":1794021842468,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783900800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":86,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82200148"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82200148"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Hematol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-026-07117-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T08:24:19Z","timestamp":1783931059000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["MRD-driven HDACi-based therapy post-transplant: a real-world study in high-risk acute myeloid leukemia"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Ling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suijing","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengwei","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaomei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoling","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhilun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruohao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaqi","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinghua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peilong","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianyu","family":"Weng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"7117_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-022-03416-7","volume":"116","author":"F Kreidieh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kreidieh F, Abou Dalle I, Moukalled N et al (2022) Relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in acute myeloid leukemia: an overview of prevention and treatment. Int J Hematol 116(3):330\u2013340","journal-title":"Int J Hematol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7117_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1182\/hematology.2022000353","volume":"2022","author":"C Craddock","year":"2022","unstructured":"Craddock C (2022) Transplant in AML with measurable residual disease: proceed or defer? Hematol Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2022(1):528\u2013533","journal-title":"Hematol Am Soc Hematol Educ Program"},{"issue":"2","key":"7117_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-023-03596-w","volume":"118","author":"Y Najima","year":"2023","unstructured":"Najima Y (2023) Overcoming relapse: prophylactic or pre-emptive use of azacitidine or FLT3 inhibitors after allogeneic transplantation for AML or MDS. Int J Hematol 118(2):169\u2013182","journal-title":"Int J Hematol"},{"issue":"2","key":"7117_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1097\/MOH.0b013e3280168462","volume":"14","author":"F Baron","year":"2007","unstructured":"Baron F, Storb R (2007) Hematopoietic cell transplantation after reduced-intensity conditioning for older adults with acute myeloid leukemia in complete remission. Curr Opin Hematol 14(2):145\u2013151","journal-title":"Curr Opin Hematol"},{"issue":"9","key":"7117_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2010.31.8121","volume":"29","author":"RB Walter","year":"2011","unstructured":"Walter RB, Gooley TA, Wood BL et al (2011) Impact of pretransplantation minimal residual disease, as detected by multiparametric flow cytometry, on outcome of myeloablative hematopoietic cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia. J Clin Oncol 29(9):1190\u20131197","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"7117_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2016.159343","volume":"102","author":"SA Buckley","year":"2017","unstructured":"Buckley SA, Wood BL, Othus M et al (2017) Minimal residual disease prior to allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in acute myeloid leukemia: a meta-analysis. Haematologica 102(5):865\u2013873","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"issue":"5","key":"7117_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1507471","volume":"374","author":"A Ivey","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ivey A, Hills RK, Simpson MA et al (2016) Assessment of minimal residual disease in standard-risk AML. N Engl J Med 374(5):422\u2013433","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"13","key":"7117_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1716863","volume":"378","author":"M Jongen-Lavrencic","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jongen-Lavrencic M, Grob T, Hanekamp D et al (2018) Molecular minimal residual disease in acute myeloid leukemia. N Engl J Med 378(13):1189\u20131199","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"7117_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2022.8277","volume":"47","author":"Z Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li Z, Zhang J, Zhou M et al (2022) Epigenetic therapy with chidamide alone or combined with 5azacitidine exerts antitumour effects on acute myeloid leukaemia cells in vitro. Oncol Rep 47(4):66","journal-title":"Oncol Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"7117_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1007\/s11596-023-2805-7","volume":"43","author":"F-C Kong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kong F-C, Qi L, Zhou Y-L et al (2023) Chidamide, decitabine, cytarabine, aclarubicin, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor therapy for patients with relapsed\/refractory acute myeloid leukemia: A retrospective study from a single-center. Curr Med Sci 43(6):1151\u20131161","journal-title":"Curr Med Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"7117_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-022-01911-9","volume":"40","author":"Y Wei","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wei Y, Wang L, Zhu C et al (2023) A phase II study of chidamide, cytarabine, aclarubicin, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and donor lymphocyte infusion for relapsed acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Med Oncol 40(2):77","journal-title":"Med Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7117_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2219930","DOI":"10.1080\/16078454.2023.2219930","volume":"28","author":"Z Guo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Guo Z, Guo D, Kong D et al (2023) Efficacy and safety of an HDACi- and HMA-based protocol in adults with acute myeloid leukemia of intermediate- and adverse-risk categories: a retrospective study. Hematology 28(1):2219930","journal-title":"Hematology"},{"key":"7117_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2011.234","volume":"26","author":"U Platzbecker","year":"2012","unstructured":"Platzbecker U, Wermke M, Radke J et al (2012) Azacitidine for treatment of imminent relapse in MDS or AML patients after allogeneic HSCT: results of the RELAZA trial. Leukemia 26:381\u2013389","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"7117_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2015.09.004","volume":"22","author":"C Charles","year":"2016","unstructured":"Charles C, Nadira J, Shamyla S et al (2016) Tolerability and clinical activity of post-transplantation azacitidine in patients allografted for acute myeloid leukemia treated on the RICAZA trial. Biol Blood Marrow Transpl 22:858\u2013390","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transpl"},{"issue":"12","key":"7117_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1668","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(18)30580-1","volume":"19","author":"U Platzbecker","year":"2018","unstructured":"Platzbecker U, Middeke JM, Sockel K et al (2018) Measurable residual disease-guided treatment with azacitidine to prevent haematological relapse in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukaemia (RELAZA2): an open-label, multicentre, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol 19(12):1668\u20131679","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7117_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1038\/s41409-021-01464-x","volume":"57","author":"X Poir\u00e9","year":"2022","unstructured":"Poir\u00e9 X, Graux C, Ory A et al (2022) Sequential administration of low dose 5-azacytidine (AZA) and donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) in relapse after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT): a prospective study from the Belgian Hematology Society (BHS). Bone Marrow Transpl 57(1):116\u2013118","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transpl"},{"issue":"36","key":"7117_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4249","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.03277","volume":"38","author":"L Gao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gao L, Zhang Y, Wang S et al (2020) Effect of rhG-CSF combined with decitabine prophylaxis on relapse of patients with high-risk MRD-negative AML after HSCT: An open-label, multicenter, randomized controlled trial. J Clin Oncol 38(36):4249\u20134259","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"7117_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.19628","volume":"205","author":"C Huang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Huang C, Jia Y, Yang J, Cai Y et al (2024) Azacitidine combined with interferon-alpha for pre-emptive treatment of AML\/MDS after allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation: A prospective phase II study. Br J Haematol 205(3):1067\u20131076","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"7117_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1182251","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1182251","volume":"14","author":"Y Feng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Feng Y, Chen T, Zhang Y et al (2023) Azacitidine and lenalidomide combination: a novel relapse prophylaxis regimen after allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Front Immunol 14:1182251","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"7117_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3001","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2022.282570","volume":"108","author":"T Schroeder","year":"2023","unstructured":"Schroeder T, Stelljes M, Christopeit M et al (2023) Azacitidine, lenalidomide and donor lymphocyte infusions for relapse of myelodysplastic syndrome, acute myeloid leukemia and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia after allogeneic transplant: the Azalena-Trial. Haematologica 108(11):3001\u20133010","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"7117_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu X, Wu D, Chen S et al (2023) Maintenance Therapy with chidamide plus azacitidine after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for high-risk acute myeloid leukemia patients. Blood 142(Supplement 1):4991\u20134991","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2023-182570"},{"key":"7117_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu Q-Y, Yu L (2020) Epigenetic therapies in acute myeloid leukemia: the role of hypomethylating agents, histone deacetylase inhibitors and the combination of hypomethylating agents with histone deacetylase inhibitors. Chin Med J 6:699\u2013715","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000000685"},{"key":"7117_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo Z, Guo D, Kong D, Bian S et al (2023)Efficacy and safety of an HDACi- and HMA-based protocol in adults with acute myeloid leukemia of intermediate- and adverse-risk categories: a retrospective study. Hematology 28(1):2219930","DOI":"10.1080\/16078454.2023.2219930"},{"key":"7117_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim S, Santhanam S, Lim S, Choi J (2020) Targeting histone deacetylases to modulate graft- Versus-host disease and graft-versus-leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 21(12):4281","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21124281"},{"key":"7117_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu Y, Liu X, You J (2023) Mechanisms and measures to modulate T cell trafficking for amplified and tolerogenic immunity. Nano Today 54:102129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nantod.2023.102129"},{"key":"7117_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Highfill SL, Rodriguez PC, Zhou Qetal (2010) Bone marrow myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) inhibit graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) via an arginase-1\u2013dependent mechanism that is up-regulated by interleukin-13. Blood 116(25):5738\u20135747","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-06-287839"},{"key":"7117_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aiba M, Okada K, Funakoshi T, Nozu R et al (2024) Development of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after cord blood transplantation in a patient with refractory angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma. J Infect Chemother 30(10):1065\u20131068","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2024.02.025"},{"key":"7117_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xi Y, Jingying D, Chenglong L, Hong Z et al (2010)Epigenetic therapy promotes the ratio of Th1\/Th17 lineage to reverse immune evasion and treat leukemia relapse post-allogeneic stem cell transplantation in non-APL AML patients. Front Mol Biosci 7:595395","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2020.595395"},{"issue":"7","key":"7117_CR29","first-page":"3461","volume":"12","author":"Q Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li Q, Huang J-C, Liao D-Y et al (2020) Chidamide plus decitabine synergistically induces apoptosis of acute myeloid leukemia cells by upregulating PERP. Am J Transl Res 12(7):3461\u20133475","journal-title":"Am J Transl Res"},{"key":"7117_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang C, Zheng Y, Song C, Wu Metal (2023) safety and efficacy of azacitidine and chidamide maintenance after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for patients with high-risk acute myeloid leukemia: Interim analysis of a prospective, multicenter, single-arm, phase \u2161 clinical trial. Blood 142(Supplement 1):7045\u20137045","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2023-174879"},{"key":"7117_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang C, Huang R, Nie D, Li Y, Zhang Yetal (2024) Updated results from a phase \u2161 clinical trial: Safety and efficacy of azacitidine and chidamide maintenance after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for patients with high-risk acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 144(Supplement 1):1050\u20131050","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2024-201586"},{"key":"7117_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xi Y, Chenglong L, Rong Z, Wen W etal. (2023)Chidamide-based 3-drug combination regimen reverses molecular relapse post transplantation in AML1-ETO\u2013positive acute myeloid leukemia. Front Pharmacol 13:1059930","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.1059930"},{"issue":"1","key":"7117_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-023-01889-6","volume":"22","author":"Tatjana","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tatjana, Sauerer (2023) Giuliano Filippini Vel\u00e1zquez and Christoph Schmid. Relapse of acute myeloid leukemia after allogeneic stem cell transplantation: immune escape mechanisms and current implications for therapy. Mol Cancer 22(1):180","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"issue":"10","key":"7117_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a026831","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a026831","volume":"6","author":"Y Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li Y, Seto E (2016) HDACs and HDAC Inhibitors in cancer development and therapy. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 6(10):a026831","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"key":"7117_CR35","unstructured":"Yang X, Deng J, Li C, et al (2021) Epigenetic therapy promotes the ratio of Th1\/Th17 lineage to reverse immune evasion and treat leukemia relapse post-allogeneic stem cell transplantation in non-APL AML patients. Front Mol Biosci 7595395"}],"container-title":["Annals of Hematology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00277-026-07117-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00277-026-07117-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00277-026-07117-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T02:35:54Z","timestamp":1794018954000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00277-026-07117-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["7117"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00277-026-07117-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-0584"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-0584","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of Guangdong Provincial People\u2019s Hospital. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics statement","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"444"}}