{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T23:48:57Z","timestamp":1791676137723,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783382400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":86,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 della Svizzera italiana","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03c4atk17","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Hematol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) are characterized by marked clinical and molecular heterogeneity. Mycosis fungoides (MF), the most common subtype, usually follows an indolent course but may rarely progress into more aggressive lymphoid neoplasms. Distinguishing between clonal evolution and the development of a second, unrelated lymphoma remains a diagnostic challenge, particularly when conventional T-cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangement analysis is inconclusive. We report two patients with long-standing, clinically stable MF who subsequently developed rapidly progressive systemic disease with histologically confirmed peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL). In both cases, TCR-gamma PCR analysis suggested distinct clonal populations across different biopsy sites. However, next-generation sequencing (NGS) using a comprehensive lymphoma-targeted gene panel revealed overlapping mutational profiles between skin and lymph node samples, supporting a shared clonal origin. These findings highlight the limitations of PCR-based clonality assessment and demonstrate the added value of NGS in defining clonal relationships and disease evolution in CTCL. Improved molecular characterization may have important implications for diagnosis, classification, and therapeutic decision-making in patients with T-cell lymphomas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-026-07155-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T10:27:53Z","timestamp":1783420073000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clonal evolution of mycosis fungoides into peripheral T-cell lymphoma: evidence from next-generation sequencing in two cases"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Olga","family":"Novosad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Schena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Cristina","family":"Pirosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helmut","family":"Beltraminelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Mazzucchelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Zucca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"7155_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1720","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-022-01620-2","volume":"36","author":"R Alaggio","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alaggio R, Amador C, Anagnostopoulos I, Attygalle AD, Araujo IBO, Berti E, Bhagat G, Borges AM, Boyer D, Calaminici M, Chadburn A, Chan JKC, Cheuk W, Chng WJ, Choi JK, Chuang SS, Coupland SE, Czader M, Dave SS, de Jong D, Du MQ, Elenitoba-Johnson KS, Ferry J, Geyer J, Gratzinger D, Guitart J, Gujral S, Harris M, Harrison CJ, Hartmann S, Hochhaus A, Jansen PM, Karube K, Kempf W, Khoury J, Kimura H, Klapper W, Kovach AE, Kumar S, Lazar AJ, Lazzi S, Leoncini L, Leung N, Leventaki V, Li XQ, Lim MS, Liu WP, Louissaint A Jr., Marcogliese A, Medeiros LJ, Michal M, Miranda RN, Mitteldorf C, Montes-Moreno S, Morice W, Nardi V, Naresh KN, Natkunam Y, Ng SB, Oschlies I, Ott G, Parrens M, Pulitzer M, Rajkumar SV, Rawstron AC, Rech K, Rosenwald A, Said J, Sarkozy C, Sayed S, Saygin C, Schuh A, Sewell W, Siebert R, Sohani AR, Tooze R, Traverse-Glehen A, Vega F, Vergier B, Wechalekar AD, Wood B, Xerri L, Xiao W (2022) The 5th edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Haematolymphoid Tumours: Lymphoid Neoplasms. 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All data have been fully anonymized, and no identifying information is included in this report. The study was conducted in accordance with institutional and national ethical standards.According to local regulations, formal ethics committee approval was not required for retrospective anonymized case reports.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"435"}}