{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T03:46:48Z","timestamp":1774496808463,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,11]],"date-time":"2020-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594425600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,11]],"date-time":"2020-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Nature Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["30672073"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["30672073"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Nature Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81072004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81072004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Nature Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81372614"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81372614"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Shanghai Science and Technology Commission Research Project","award":["19411966300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19411966300"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Science and Technology Commission Research Project","award":["19140902302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19140902302"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer Chemother Pharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00280-020-04100-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,11]],"date-time":"2020-07-11T10:03:41Z","timestamp":1594461821000},"page":"221-232","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Inhibition of autophagy by chloroquine enhances the antitumor activity of gemcitabine for gallbladder cancer"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"86","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3193-4108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fang-Tao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qi-Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mu-Su","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin-Ping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3544-2223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yue-Zu","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"4100_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6604616","volume":"99","author":"AW Hsing","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hsing AW, Sakoda LC, Rashid A, Chen J, Shen MC, Han TQ, Wang BS, Gao YT (2008) Body size and the risk of biliary tract cancer: a population-based study in China. Br J Cancer 99(5):811\u2013815","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"4100_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.22756","volume":"121","author":"AW Hsing","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hsing AW, Bai Y, Andreotti G, Rashid A, Deng J, Chen JB, Goldstein AM, Han TQ, Shen MC, Fraumeni JF et al (2007) Family history of gallstones and the risk of biliary tract cancer and gallstones: a population-based study in Shanghai, China. Int J Cancer 121(4):832\u2013838","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"4100_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suc.2014.01.009","volume":"94","author":"JA Wernberg","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wernberg JA, Lucarelli DD (2014) Gallbladder cancer. Surg Clin N Am 94(2):343\u2013360","journal-title":"Surg Clin N Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"4100_CR4","first-page":"144","volume":"28","author":"YH Zheng","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zheng YH, Xu DY, Bu ZD (2016) Chinese version of NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology officially authorized by NCCN. Chin J Cancer Res 28(1):144\u2013145","journal-title":"Chin J Cancer Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"4100_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1007\/s10637-015-0246-2","volume":"33","author":"KS Pedersen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pedersen KS, Kim GP, Foster NR, Wang-Gillam A, Erlichman C, McWilliams RR (2015) Phase II trial of gemcitabine and tanespimycin (17AAG) in metastatic pancreatic cancer: a Mayo Clinic Phase II Consortium study. Investig New Drugs 33(4):963\u2013968","journal-title":"Investig New Drugs"},{"issue":"3","key":"4100_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2006.01.015","volume":"52","author":"YM Chen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chen YM, Perng RP, Tsai CM, Whang-Peng J (2006) A phase II trial of gemcitabine plus UFUR combination chemotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer patients failing previous chemotherapy. Lung Cancer 52(3):333\u2013338","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"issue":"12","key":"4100_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0144484","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0144484","volume":"10","author":"L Sun","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sun L, Lu J, Niu Z, Ding K, Bi D, Liu S, Li J, Wu F, Zhang H, Zhao Z, Ding S (2015) A potent chemotherapeutic strategy with Eg5 inhibitor against gemcitabine resistant bladder cancer. PLoS One 10(12):e0144484","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"17","key":"4100_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0901557","volume":"362","author":"M Hidalgo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hidalgo M (2010) Pancreatic cancer. N Engl J Med 362(17):1605\u20131617","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"4100_CR9","first-page":"198","volume":"363","author":"J Valle","year":"2010","unstructured":"Valle J (2010) Cisplatin plus gemcitabine versus gemcitabine for biliary tract cancer (vol 362, pg 1273, 2010). New Engl J Med 363(2):198","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"4100_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.7314\/APJCP.2012.13.4.1317","volume":"13","author":"K Qu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Qu K, Liu SN, Chang HL, Liu C, Xu XS, Wang RT, Zhou L, Tian F, Wei JC, Tai MH et al (2012) Gallbladder cancer: a subtype of biliary tract cancer which is a current challenge in China. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 13(4):1317\u20131320","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"issue":"1","key":"4100_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280-017-3341-6","volume":"80","author":"Y Hirooka","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hirooka Y, Ishikawa T, Kawashima H, Ohno E, Nonogaki K, Kanamori A, Hirai T, Uchida H, Shirai O, Ishikawa H et al (2017) Prospective multicenter phase II study of gemcitabine plus cisplatin in patients with unresectable gallbladder cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 80(1):119\u2013125","journal-title":"Cancer Chemother Pharmacol"},{"key":"4100_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1097\/COC.0000000000000347","volume":"41","author":"V Iyer Renuka","year":"2018","unstructured":"Iyer Renuka V, Pokuri Venkata K, Adrienne Groman et al (2018) A multicenter phase II study of gemcitabine, capecitabine, and bevacizumab for locally advanced or metastatic biliary tract cancer. Am J Clin Oncol 41:649\u2013655","journal-title":"Am J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"4100_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2014.09.013","volume":"50","author":"M Moehler","year":"2014","unstructured":"Moehler M, Maderer A, Schimanski C et al (2014) Gemcitabine plus sorafenib versus gemcitabine alone in advanced biliary tract cancer: a double-blind placebo-controlled multicentre phase II AIO study with biomarker and serum programme. Eur J Cancer 50:3125\u20133135","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"4100_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-017-3967-0","volume":"18","author":"R Siebenh\u00fcner Alexander","year":"2018","unstructured":"Siebenh\u00fcner Alexander R, Heike Seifert, Helga Bachmann et al (2018) Adjuvant treatment of resectable biliary tract cancer with cisplatin plus gemcitabine: a prospective single center phase II study. BMC Cancer 18:72","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"4100_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI73941","volume":"125","author":"E White","year":"2015","unstructured":"White E (2015) The role for autophagy in cancer. J Clin Investig 125(1):42\u201346","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"issue":"4","key":"4100_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2019.01.109","volume":"510","author":"XF Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang XF, Zhao P, Wang CH, Xin BR (2019) SNHG14 enhances gemcitabine resistance by sponging miR-101 to stimulate cell autophagy in pancreatic cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 510(4):508\u2013514","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"64","key":"4100_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107500","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.22494","volume":"8","author":"JJ Xiong","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xiong JJ, Wang D, Wei AL, Ke NW, Wang YC, Tang J, He SR, Hu WM, Liu XB (2017) MicroRNA-410-3p attenuates gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by inhibiting HMGB1-mediated autophagy. Oncotarget 8(64):107500\u2013107512","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"6","key":"4100_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280-016-3178-4","volume":"78","author":"CG Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li CG, Zhao ZM, Zhou ZP, Liu R (2016) Linc-ROR confers gemcitabine resistance to pancreatic cancer cells via inducing autophagy and modulating the miR-124\/PTBP1\/PKM2 axis. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 78(6):1199\u20131207","journal-title":"Cancer Chemother Pharmacol"},{"key":"4100_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-015-0447-5","volume":"14","author":"B Song","year":"2015","unstructured":"Song B, Bian Q, Zhang YJ, Shao CH, Li G, Liu AA, Jing W, Liu R, Zhou YQ, Jin G et al (2015) Downregulation of ASPP2 in pancreatic cancer cells contributes to increased resistance to gemcitabine through autophagy activation. Mol Cancer 14:177","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"key":"4100_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2018.08.010","volume":"436","author":"T Ma","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ma T, Chen W, Zhi X, Liu H, Zhou Y, Chen BW, Hu LQ, Shen J, Zheng XX, Zhang SF et al (2018) USP9X inhibition improves gemcitabine sensitivity in pancreatic cancer by inhibiting autophagy. Cancer Lett 436:129\u2013138","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"issue":"8","key":"4100_CR21","first-page":"1374","volume":"41","author":"S Kaur","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kaur S, Bafna S, Rachagani S, Ganti AK, Batra SK (2012) Mucin MUC4 resists gemcitabine-induced pancreatic cancer cell death by promoting autophagy. Pancreas 41(8):1374\u20131375","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"issue":"5","key":"4100_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1002\/bab.1657","volume":"65","author":"JH Zhu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhu JH, Chen Y, Ji Y, Yu YQ, Jin Y, Zhang XX, Zhou JL (2018) Gemcitabine induces apoptosis and autophagy via the AMPK\/mTOR signaling pathway in pancreatic cancer cells. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 65(5):665\u2013671","journal-title":"Biotechnol Appl Biochem"},{"issue":"6","key":"4100_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-016-9936-6","volume":"194","author":"HM Wu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wu HM, Shao LJ, Jiang ZF, Liu RY (2016) Gemcitabine-induced autophagy protects human lung cancer cells from apoptotic death. Lung 194(6):959\u2013966","journal-title":"Lung"},{"issue":"1","key":"4100_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2014.1772","volume":"34","author":"M Chen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chen M, He MY, Song YJ, Chen LQ, Xiao P, Wan XP, Dai F, Shen P (2014) The cytoprotective role of gemcitabine-induced autophagy associated with apoptosis inhibition in triple-negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Int J Mol Med 34(1):276\u2013282","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"key":"4100_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e828","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2013.337","volume":"4","author":"X Sui","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sui X, Chen R, Wang Z et al (2013) Autophagy and chemotherapy resistance: a promising therapeutic target for cancer treatment. Cell Death Dis 4:e828","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"4100_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.7030","volume":"4","author":"E Donohue","year":"2013","unstructured":"Donohue E, Thomas A, Maurer N, Manisali I, Zeisser-Labouebe M, Zisman N, Anderson HJ, Ng SSW, Webb M, Bally M et al (2013) The autophagy inhibitor verteporfin moderately enhances the antitumor activity of gemcitabine in a pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma model. J Cancer 4(7):585\u2013596","journal-title":"J Cancer"},{"issue":"9","key":"4100_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12731","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-016-5157-0","volume":"37","author":"L Yin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yin L, Liu S, Li CS, Ding ST, Bi DB, Niu ZH, Han LP, Li WJ, Gao DX, Liu Z et al (2016) CYLD downregulates Livin and synergistically improves gemcitabine chemosensitivity and decreases migratory\/invasive potential in bladder cancer: the effect is autophagy-associated. Tumor Biol 37(9):12731\u201312742","journal-title":"Tumor Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4100_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1002\/1878-0261.12179","volume":"12","author":"Z Fu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fu Z, Cheng X, Kuang J, Feng H, Chen L, Liang J, Shen X, Yuen S, Peng C, Shen B et al (2018) CQ sensitizes human pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine through the lysosomal apoptotic pathway via reactive oxygen species. Mol Oncol 12(4):529\u2013544","journal-title":"Mol Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4100_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s11523-013-0278-5","volume":"9","author":"DL Papademetrio","year":"2014","unstructured":"Papademetrio DL, Cavaliere V, Simunovich T, Costantino S, Campos MD, Lombardo T, Kaiser CMF, Alvarez E (2014) Interplay between autophagy and apoptosis in pancreatic tumors in response to gemcitabine. Target Oncol 9(2):123\u2013134","journal-title":"Target Oncol"},{"key":"4100_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2867-13-26","volume":"13","author":"XS Li","year":"2013","unstructured":"Li XS, Yan J, Wang LS, Xiao FJ, Yang YF, Guo XZ, Wang H (2013) Beclin1 inhibition promotes autophagy and decreases gemcitabine-induced apoptosis in Miapaca2 pancreatic cancer cells. Cancer Cell Int 13:26","journal-title":"Cancer Cell Int"},{"issue":"Pt B","key":"4100_CR31","first-page":"181","volume":"452","author":"G Bjorkoy","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bjorkoy G, Lamark T, Pankiv S, Overvatn A, Brech A, Johansen T (2009) Monitoring autophagic degradation of P62\/Sqstm1. Methods Enzymol Autophagy Mamm Syst 452(Pt B):181\u2013197","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol Autophagy Mamm Syst"},{"key":"4100_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1860","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2015.219","volume":"6","author":"M Hasanain","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hasanain M, Bhattacharjee A, Pandey P, Ashraf R, Singh N, Sharma S, Vishwakarma AL, Datta D, Mitra K, Sarkar J (2015) Alpha-solanine induces ROS-mediated autophagy through activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and inhibition of Akt\/mTOR pathway. Cell Death Dis 6:e1860","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"4100_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2201","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2010.3482","volume":"14","author":"I Tanida","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tanida I (2011) Autophagosome formation and molecular mechanism of autophagy. Antioxid Redox Signal 14(11):2201\u20132214","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"issue":"2","key":"4100_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.03.035","volume":"169","author":"RA Saxton","year":"2017","unstructured":"Saxton RA, Sabatini DM (2017) mTOR signaling in growth, metabolism, and disease (vol 168, pg 960, 2017). Cell 169(2):362","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"4100_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/S0898-6568(01)00271-6","volume":"14","author":"KM Nicholson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nicholson KM, Anderson NG (2012) The protein kinase B\/Akt signalling pathway in human malignancy. Cell Signal 14:381\u2013395","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"key":"4100_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7465","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1209096","volume":"24","author":"PK Majumder","year":"2005","unstructured":"Majumder PK, Sellers WR (2005) Akt-regulated pathways in prostate cancer. Oncogene 24:7465\u20137474","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"issue":"4","key":"4100_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2015.3118","volume":"47","author":"Y Toyota","year":"2015","unstructured":"Toyota Y, Iwama H, Kato K, Tani J, Katsura A, Miyata M, Fujiwara S, Fujita K, Sakamoto T, Fujimori T et al (2015) Mechanism of gemcitabine-induced suppression of human cholangiocellular carcinoma cell growth. Int J Oncol 47(4):1293\u20131302","journal-title":"Int J Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4100_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1097\/00001813-200207000-00002","volume":"13","author":"R Kilani","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kilani R, Tamimi Y, Karmali S, Mackey J, Hanel E, Wong KK, Moore RB (2002) Selective cytotoxicity of gemcitabine in bladder cancer cell lines. Anticancer Drugs 13(6):557\u2013566","journal-title":"Anticancer Drugs"},{"key":"4100_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2018.09.013","volume":"438","author":"YW Kang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kang YW, Lee JE, Jung KH, Son MK, Shin SM, Kim SJ, Fang ZH, Yan HH, Park JH, Han B et al (2018) KRAS targeting antibody synergizes anti-cancer activity of gemcitabine against pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett 438:174\u2013186","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"issue":"12","key":"4100_CR40","first-page":"3819","volume":"22","author":"JP Teng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Teng JP, Yang ZY, Zhu YM, Ni D, Zhu ZJ, Li XQ (2018) Gemcitabine and cisplatin for treatment of lung cancer in vitro and vivo. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 22(12):3819\u20133825","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"4100_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2008.09.040","volume":"278","author":"K Tsuchihara","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tsuchihara K, Fujii S, Esumi H (2009) Autophagy and cancer: dynamism of the metabolism of tumor cells and tissues. Cancer Lett 278(2):130\u2013138","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"issue":"1","key":"4100_CR42","first-page":"143","volume":"27","author":"HL Du","year":"2012","unstructured":"Du HL, Yang WP, Chen L, Shi MM, Seewoo V, Wang JY, Lin AD, Liu ZR, Qiu WH (2012) Role of autophagy in resistance to oxaliplatin in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Oncol Rep 27(1):143\u2013150","journal-title":"Oncol Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"4100_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1159\/000264680","volume":"10","author":"R Pardo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pardo R, Lo Re A, Archange C, Ropolo A, Papademetrio DL, Gonzalez CD, Alvarez EM, Iovanna JL, Vaccaro MI (2010) Gemcitabine induces the VMP1-mediated autophagy pathway to promote apoptotic death in human pancreatic cancer cells. Pancreatology 10(1):19\u201326","journal-title":"Pancreatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"4100_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2006.06.001","volume":"10","author":"K Degenhardt","year":"2006","unstructured":"Degenhardt K, Mathew R, Beaudoin B, Bray K, Anderson D, Chen GH, Mukherjee C, Shi YF, Gelinas C, Fan YJ et al (2006) Autophagy promotes tumor cell survival and restricts necrosis, inflammation, and tumorigenesis. Cancer Cell 10(1):51\u201364","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"issue":"3","key":"4100_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4402039","volume":"14","author":"MJ Abedin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Abedin MJ, Wang D, McDonnell MA, Lehmann U, Kelekar A (2007) Autophagy delays apoptotic death in breast cancer cells following DNA damage. Cell Death Differ 14(3):500\u2013510","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"4100_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-015-1239-4","volume":"15","author":"J Mani","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mani J, Vallo S, Rakel S, Antonietti P, Gessler F, Blaheta R, Bartsch G, Michaelis M, Cinatl J, Haferkamp A et al (2015) Chemoresistance is associated with increased cytoprotective autophagy and diminished apoptosis in bladder cancer cells treated with the BH3 mimetic (\u2212)-Gossypol (AT-101). BMC Cancer 15:224","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"4100_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2015.12.002","volume":"1863","author":"R Ojha","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ojha R, Jha V, Singh SK (2016) Gemcitabine and mitomycin induced autophagy regulates cancer stem cell pool in urothelial carcinoma cells. Biochim Biophys Acta-Mol Cell Res 1863(2):347\u2013359","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta-Mol Cell Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"4100_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1002\/psp4.29","volume":"4","author":"I Tavassoly","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tavassoly I, Parmar J, Shajahan-Haq AN, Clarke R, Baumann WT, Tyson JJ (2015) Dynamic modeling of the interaction between autophagy and apoptosis in mammalian cells. Cpt-Pharmacomet Syst Pharmacol 4(4):263\u2013272","journal-title":"Cpt-Pharmacomet Syst Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4100_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-014-0967-2","volume":"19","author":"S Mukhopadhyay","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mukhopadhyay S, Panda PK, Sinha N, Das DN, Bhutia SK (2014) Autophagy and apoptosis: where do they meet? Apoptosis 19(4):555\u2013566","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"issue":"7","key":"4100_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.6.7.4036","volume":"6","author":"L Moretti","year":"2007","unstructured":"Moretti L, Cha YI, Niermann KJ, Lu B (2007) Switch between apoptosis and autophagy: radiation-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress? Cell Cycle 6(7):793\u2013798","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"4100_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1270","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2014.200","volume":"5","author":"Q Jiang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jiang Q, Li F, Shi K, Wu P, An J, Yang Y, Xu C (2014) Involvement of p38 in signal switching from autophagy to apoptosis via the PERK\/eIF2 alpha\/ATF4 axis in selenite-treated NB4 cells. Cell Death Dis 5:e1270","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"4100_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-015-0245-4","volume":"6","author":"SP Dang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dang SP, Yu ZM, Zhang CY, Zheng J, Li KL, Wu Y, Qian LL, Yang ZY, Li XR, Zhang YY et al (2015) Autophagy promotes apoptosis of mesenchymal stem cells under inflammatory microenvironment. Stem Cell Res Ther 6:247","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"issue":"13","key":"4100_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4402","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-015-4566-4","volume":"22","author":"BA Boone","year":"2015","unstructured":"Boone BA, Bahary N, Zureikat AH, Moser AJ, Normolle DP, Wu WC, Singhi AD, Bao P, Bartlett DL, Liotta LA et al (2015) Safety and biologic response of pre-operative autophagy inhibition in combination with gemcitabine in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 22(13):4402\u20134410","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4100_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2018.10.089","volume":"506","author":"YF Jiang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jiang YF, Han ZD, Wang Y, Hao WB (2018) Depletion of SIRT7 sensitizes human non-small cell lung cancer cells to gemcitabine therapy by inhibiting autophagy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 506(1):266\u2013271","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"37","key":"4100_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59604","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.10730","volume":"7","author":"Y-M Chen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chen Y-M, Liu Y, Wei H-Y, Lv K-Z, Fu P-F (2016) Large intergenic non-coding RNA-ROR reverses gemcitabine-induced autophagy and apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 7(37):59604\u201359617","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"6835","key":"4100_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1038\/35077225","volume":"411","author":"P Blume-Jensen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Blume-Jensen P, Hunter T (2001) Oncogenic kinase signalling. Nature 411(6835):355\u2013365","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"43","key":"4100_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6587","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1205923","volume":"21","author":"F Pene","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pene F, Claessens YE, Muller O, Viguie F, Mayeux P, Dreyfus F, Lacombe C, Bouscary D (2002) Role of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase\/Akt and mTOR\/P70S6-kinase pathways in the proliferation and apoptosis in multiple myeloma. Oncogene 21(43):6587\u20136597","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"4100_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2007.11.003","volume":"11","author":"J LoPiccolo","year":"2008","unstructured":"LoPiccolo J, Blumenthal GM, Bernstein WB, Dennis PA (2008) Targeting the PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR pathway: effective combinations and clinical considerations. Drug Resist Updat 11(1\u20132):32\u201350","journal-title":"Drug Resist Updat"},{"issue":"11","key":"4100_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-7254.2007.00667.x","volume":"28","author":"HZ Hu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hu HZ, Yang YB, Xu XD, Shen HW, Shu YM, Ren Z, Li XM, Shen HM, Zeng HT (2007) Oridonin induces apoptosis via PI3K\/Akt pathway in cervical carcinoma HeLa cell line. Acta Pharmacol Sin 28(11):1819\u20131826","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"},{"issue":"1","key":"4100_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.13518","volume":"8","author":"Y Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu Y, Chen ZJ, Cheng HX, Chen J, Qian J (2017) Gremlin promotes retinal pigmentation epithelial (RPE) cell proliferation, migration and VEGF production via activating VEGFR2-Akt-mTORC2 signaling. Oncotarget 8(1):979\u2013987","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"10","key":"4100_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-012-1254-7","volume":"138","author":"MH Yang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yang MH, Lee KT, Yang S, Lee JK, Lee KH, Moon IH, Rhee JC (2012) Guggulsterone enhances antitumor activity of gemcitabine in gallbladder cancer cells through suppression of NF-kappa B. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 138(10):1743\u20131751","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol"}],"container-title":["Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00280-020-04100-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00280-020-04100-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00280-020-04100-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,10]],"date-time":"2021-07-10T23:14:16Z","timestamp":1625958856000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00280-020-04100-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,11]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]}},"alternative-id":["4100"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00280-020-04100-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0344-5704","1432-0843"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0344-5704","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0843","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 March 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 June 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 July 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}