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These cells can be subclassified according to their maturation stage, cytokine profile, and pro or anti-inflammatory functions, i.e., functional heterogeneity. In this review, we summarize what has been discovered so far regarding the role of the different CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cell polarization states in the progression of two prominent and still different liver inflammatory diseases: non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). Finally, the potential of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells as a therapeutic target in both NASH and AIH is discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-021-00881-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]],"date-time":"2021-08-31T09:03:51Z","timestamp":1630400631000},"page":"549-561","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Functional heterogeneity of CD4+ T cells in liver inflammation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Franziska","family":"Muscate","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Woestemeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8514-1395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Gagliani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"881_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Anstee QM, Reeves HL, Kotsiliti E, Govaere O, & Heikenwalder M (2019) From NASH to HCC: current concepts and future challenges. 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