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These multifaceted features are also reflected in autoimmunity where autoreactive B cells can fuel disease by production of cytotoxic autoantibodies, presentation of autoantigens to autoreactive T cells, and secretion of cytokines and chemokines that either promote detrimental immune activation or impair regulatory T and B cells. The role of B cells and autoantibodies in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) have been controversially discussed, with typical autoantibodies and hypergammaglobulinemia indicating a key role, while strong HLA class II association suggests T cells as key players. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on B cells in AIH and how different B cell subpopulations may drive AIH progression beyond autoantibodies. We also discuss recent findings of B cell-directed therapies in AIH.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-022-00937-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]],"date-time":"2022-04-29T18:07:56Z","timestamp":1651255676000},"page":"411-427","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["B cells in autoimmune hepatitis: bystanders or central players?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9789-5776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"Schulthei\u00df","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silja","family":"Steinmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ansgar W.","family":"Lohse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0663-3004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mascha","family":"Binder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"937_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18017","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2018.17","volume":"4","author":"G Mieli-Vergani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mieli-Vergani G, Vergani D, Czaja AJ, Manns MP, Krawitt EL, Vierling JM et al (2018) Autoimmune hepatitis Nat Rev Dis Primers 4:18017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrdp.2018.17","journal-title":"Autoimmune hepatitis Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"1","key":"937_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra050408","volume":"354","author":"EL Krawitt","year":"2006","unstructured":"Krawitt EL (2006) Autoimmune hepatitis. 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