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It also reinforced the misperception that only viruses can pose a threat to human existence, overlooking that bacteria (e.g., plague and cholera) have severely haunted and shaped the course of human civilization. While the world is preparing for the next viral pandemic, it is again overlooking a silent one: antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This review proposes to show the impact of bacterial infections on civilization to remind the pandemic potential. The work will also discuss a few examples of how bacteria can mutate risking global spread and devastating outcomes, the effect on the global burden, and the prophylactic and therapeutic measures. Indeed, AMR is dramatically increasing and if the trend is not reversed, it has the potential to quickly turn into the most important health problem worldwide.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-023-00997-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,11]],"date-time":"2023-12-11T14:02:07Z","timestamp":1702303327000},"page":"481-491","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["The overlooked bacterial pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1421-8129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danilo Gomes","family":"Moriel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Piccioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6183-965X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Michelina","family":"Raso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7800-1404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariagrazia","family":"Pizza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"997_CR1","unstructured":"O\u2019neill J (2016) Tackling drug-resistant infections globally: final report and recommendations. 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