{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T02:00:28Z","timestamp":1772503228016,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,23]],"date-time":"2022-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650672000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,23]],"date-time":"2022-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650672000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2019R1A2C1009406"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019R1A2C1009406"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2019R1A2C1009406"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019R1A2C1009406"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2019R1A2C1009406"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019R1A2C1009406"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2019R1A2C1009406"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019R1A2C1009406"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-022-02866-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,23]],"date-time":"2022-04-23T11:02:36Z","timestamp":1650711756000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Oral Immunization of Mice with Cell Extracts from Recombinant Lactococcus lactis Expressing SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"79","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1264-616X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Biao","family":"Xuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5855-9179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jongbin","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6146-2837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeong Ho","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6475-2012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eun Bae","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2866_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9041225","volume":"9","author":"YA Helmy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Helmy YA, Fawzy M, Elaswad A et al (2020) The COVID-19 pandemic: a comprehensive review of taxonomy, genetics, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and control. J Clin Med 9:1225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm9041225","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2866_CR2","unstructured":"Pollet J, Chen W, Strych U (2020) Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company \u2019 s public news and information"},{"key":"2866_CR3","unstructured":"Wang M, Fu T, Hao J et al (2020) Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company \u2019 s public news and information"},{"key":"2866_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1920","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa2022483","volume":"383","author":"LA Jackson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jackson LA, Anderson EJ, Rouphael NG et al (2020) An mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2\u2014preliminary report. N Engl J Med 383:1920\u20131931. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejmoa2022483","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2866_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-00480-0","volume":"21","author":"L Dai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dai L, Gao GF (2021) Viral targets for vaccines against COVID-19. Nat Rev Immunol 21:73\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41577-020-00480-0","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2866_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2012-7","volume":"579","author":"P Zhou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhou P, Lou YX, Wang XG et al (2020) A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature 579:270\u2013273. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-020-2012-7","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2866_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3197","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C300520200","volume":"279","author":"SK Wong","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wong SK, Li W, Moore MJ et al (2004) A 193-amino acid fragment of the SARS coronavirus S protein efficiently binds angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. J Biol Chem 279:3197\u20133201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.C300520200","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2866_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9939","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01048-13","volume":"87","author":"L Du","year":"2013","unstructured":"Du L, Zhao G, Kou Z et al (2013) Identification of a receptor-binding domain in the S Protein of the novel human coronavirus middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus as an essential target for vaccine development. J Virol 87:9939\u20139942. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jvi.01048-13","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2866_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.13446","volume":"123","author":"K Szatraj","year":"2017","unstructured":"Szatraj K, Szczepankowska AK, Chmielewska-Jeznach M (2017) Lactic acid bacteria\u2014promising vaccine vectors: possibilities, limitations, doubts. J Appl Microbiol 123:325\u2013339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jam.13446","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"2866_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1007\/s10529-020-02900-6","volume":"42","author":"X Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu X, Qi L, Lv J et al (2020) The immune response to a recombinant Lactococcus lactis oral vaccine against foot-and-mouth disease virus in mice. Biotechnol Lett 42:1907\u20131917. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10529-020-02900-6","journal-title":"Biotechnol Lett"},{"key":"2866_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12865-015-0132-x","volume":"16","author":"JI Kim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim JI, Park TE, Maharjan S et al (2015) Soluble RANKL expression in Lactococcus lactis and investigation of its potential as an oral vaccine adjuvant. BMC Immunol 16:1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12865-015-0132-x","journal-title":"BMC Immunol"},{"key":"2866_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9050466","volume":"9","author":"S Taghinezhad-S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Taghinezhad-S S, Mohseni AH, Berm\u00fadez-Humar\u00e1n LG et al (2021) Probiotic-based vaccines may provide effective protection against covid-19 acute respiratory disease. Vaccines 9:1\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vaccines9050466","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"2866_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1177\/1756283X12459294","volume":"6","author":"P Hemarajata","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hemarajata P, Versalovic J (2013) Effects of probiotics on gut microbiota: mechanisms of intestinal immunomodulation and neuromodulation. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 6:39\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1756283X12459294","journal-title":"Therap Adv Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2866_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00454","author":"G Wie\u00ebrs","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wie\u00ebrs G, Belkhir L, Enaud R et al (2020) How Probiotics affect the microbiota. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00454","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"2866_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2008-3","volume":"579","author":"F Wu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu F, Zhao S, Yu B et al (2020) A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China. Nature 579:265\u2013269. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-020-2008-3","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2866_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00280397","volume":"240","author":"M van Asseldonk","year":"1993","unstructured":"van Asseldonk M, de Vos WM, Simons G (1993) Functional analysis of the Lactococcus lactis usp45 secretion signal in the secretion of a homologous proteinase and a heterologous \u03b1-amylase. MGG Mol Gen Genet 240:428\u2013434. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00280397","journal-title":"MGG Mol Gen Genet"},{"key":"2866_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/30.10.e43","volume":"30","author":"DM Hoover","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hoover DM, Lubkowski J (2002) DNAWorks: an automated method for designing oligonucleotides for PCR-based gene synthesis. Nucleic Acids Res 30:1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/30.10.e43","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2866_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-009-9455-2","volume":"59","author":"EB Kim","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kim EB, Piao DC, Son JS, Choi YJ (2009) Cloning and characterization of a novel tuf promoter from lactococcus lactis subsp. Lactis IL1403. Curr Microbiol 59:425\u2013431. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00284-009-9455-2","journal-title":"Curr Microbiol"},{"key":"2866_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.02.061","volume":"33","author":"HS Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li HS, Piao DC, Jiang T et al (2015) Recombinant interleukin 6 with M cell-targeting moiety produced in Lactococcus lactis IL1403 as a potent mucosal adjuvant for peroral immunization. Vaccine 33:1959\u20131967. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.02.061","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2866_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-24508-7","volume":"8","author":"GG Han","year":"2018","unstructured":"Han GG, Lee JY, Jin GD et al (2018) Tracing of the fecal microbiota of commercial pigs at five growth stages from birth to shipment. Sci Rep 8:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-24508-7","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2866_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-021-00418-x","volume":"23","author":"CB Jackson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jackson CB, Farzan M, Chen B, Choe H (2022) Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 23:3\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41580-021-00418-x","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"2866_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-020-0400-4","volume":"17","author":"W Tai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tai W, He L, Zhang X et al (2020) Characterization of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of 2019 novel coronavirus: implication for development of RBD protein as a viral attachment inhibitor and vaccine. Cell Mol Immunol 17:613\u2013620. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41423-020-0400-4","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"2866_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12934-021-01584-5","volume":"20","author":"T Gao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gao T, Ren Y, Li S et al (2021) Immune response induced by oral administration with a Saccharomyces cerevisiae-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in mice. Microb Cell Fact 20:1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12934-021-01584-5","journal-title":"Microb Cell Fact"},{"key":"2866_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.01305","author":"A Ciabattini","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ciabattini A, Olivieri R, Lazzeri E, Medaglini D (2019) Role of the microbiota in the modulation of vaccine immune responses. Front Microbiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2019.01305","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"2866_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-016-0397-y","volume":"47","author":"MM Ritzi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ritzi MM, Abdelrahman W, Van-Heerden K et al (2016) Combination of probiotics and coccidiosis vaccine enhances protection against an Eimeria challenge. Vet Res 47:1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13567-016-0397-y","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"key":"2866_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11228","volume":"487","author":"T Hashimoto","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hashimoto T, Perlot T, Rehman A et al (2012) ACE2 links amino acid malnutrition to microbial ecology and intestinal inflammation. Nature 487:477\u2013481. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature11228","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2866_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00127-20","volume":"94","author":"Y Wan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wan Y, Shang J, Graham R et al (2020) Receptor recognition by the novel coronavirus from wuhan: an analysis based on decade-long structural studies of SARS coronavirus. J Virol 94:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jvi.00127-20","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2866_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.2021.1921311","volume":"41","author":"K Sharun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sharun K, Dhama K, Pawde AM et al (2021) SARS-CoV-2 in animals: potential for unknown reservoir hosts and public health implications. Vet Q 41:181\u2013201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01652176.2021.1921311","journal-title":"Vet Q"},{"key":"2866_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12934-017-0669-x","volume":"16","author":"AAL Song","year":"2017","unstructured":"Song AAL, In LLA, Lim SHE, Rahim RA (2017) A review on Lactococcus lactis: from food to factory. Microb Cell Fact 16:1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12934-017-0669-x","journal-title":"Microb Cell Fact"},{"key":"2866_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2020.517166","volume":"8","author":"LM Tavares","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tavares LM, de Jesus LCL, da Silva TF et al (2020) Novel strategies for efficient production and delivery of live biotherapeutics and biotechnological uses of lactococcus lactis: the lactic acid bacterium model. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 8:1\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fbioe.2020.517166","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"}],"container-title":["Current Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00284-022-02866-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00284-022-02866-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00284-022-02866-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]],"date-time":"2022-05-17T18:10:17Z","timestamp":1652811017000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00284-022-02866-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,23]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["2866"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00284-022-02866-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["0343-8651","1432-0991"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0343-8651","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0991","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 October 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 April 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 April 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"An animal experiment was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC Accept Number: KW-190605-1) in Kangwon National University.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"167"}}