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Similar to chronic infectious diseases, stimulation of cytokine production is not enough to drive immune effector cells for effective virus clearance. One possible mechanism is the virus induces a large number of negative stimulatory cytokines inhibiting immune response. Interleukin 37 (IL-37) plays a crucial regulatory role in infection and immunity, inhibits innate and adaptive immunity as an anti-inflammatory cytokine by inhibiting proinflammatory mediators and pathways. To date, there are few studies reporting correlations between dengue fever (DF) and IL-37. In this study we found that the serum IL-37b and IL-37b-producing monocytes in patients were significantly increased in DF patients. A majority of the IL-37b produced by DF patients was produced by monocytes, not lymphocytes. Increased levels of IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-\u03b1 were also found in DF patients. However, we failed to detect IL-1\u03b2, IL-17A and TNF-\u03b1 in plasma, because of off-target. In our study, there was no relation between IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-\u03b1 expressions and IL-37b in serum (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). The IL-37b-producing monocytes were negatively correlated with the level of IFN-\u03b1 in serum and platelet count, and positively correlated with lymphocytes percentage (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05, respectively). Additionally, serum DENV nonstructural protein 1 levels were positively correlated with monocytes percentages (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Our data represents findings for IL-37b expression and its potential mechanisms in DF patients\u2019 immune response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-023-03239-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]],"date-time":"2023-04-06T18:03:34Z","timestamp":1680804214000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Elevated Interleukin-37 Associated with Dengue Viral Load in Patients with Dengue Fever"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Jun-Ai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia-Jun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Ting","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bi-Ying","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gan-Bin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan-Bin","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xian-Jin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu-Ying","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guo-Ying","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun-Qi","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun-Yi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia-Hua","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiang","family":"Pi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Si-Ping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun-Fa","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"3239_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155644","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2021.155644","volume":"146","author":"S Choudhuri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Choudhuri S, Chowdhury IH, Saha A, Mitra B, Dastidar R, Roy PK (2021) Acute monocyte pro inflammatory response predicts higher positive to negative acute phase reactants ratio and severe hemostatic derangement in dengue fever. 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