{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T03:05:38Z","timestamp":1793761538104,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012352","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012352","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the essential oil (EO) of Moroccan endemic <jats:italic>Thymus broussonnetii<\/jats:italic> alone, and in combination with EOs obtained from selected medicinal plants, namely <jats:italic>Myrtus communis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Artemisia herba alba<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Thymus pallidus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Thymus satureioides<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Teucrium polium,<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Rosmarinus officinalis<\/jats:italic>. The synergistic interactions between the most effective combinations based on <jats:italic>T. broussonnetii<\/jats:italic> EO with two conventional antibiotics (streptomycin and ciprofloxacin) were also investigated. <jats:italic>T. broussonnetii<\/jats:italic> EO possessed a higher inhibitory activity against tested pathogenic bacteria with inhibition zone diameter (IZ) ranging from 21.61\u2009\u00b1\u20090.03 to 40.09\u2009\u00b1\u20090.02 mm, and MIC values between 0.140 mg\/mL and 0.280 mg\/mL. <jats:italic>M. communis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>A. herba alba<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>T. pallidus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>T. satureioides<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>T. polium,<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>R. officinalis<\/jats:italic> EOs showed moderate to weak antibacterial activity. Among tested EO mixtures, the highest synergistic antibacterial effect was recorded with the EO combination of <jats:italic>T. broussonnetii<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>T. pallidus<\/jats:italic> against <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>E. coli,<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S. enterica<\/jats:italic> (FICI\u2009=\u20090.258). This EO combination was also the most effective mixture to synergistically enhance the antibacterial activity of the two antibiotics with up to a 128-fold increase, particularly against the gram-negative <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>. These findings suggest that <jats:italic>T. broussonnetii<\/jats:italic> EO may be an interesting source of natural antimicrobials, for use in combination therapies with other plant EOs, and with conventional antimicrobial drugs to tackle the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-023-03510-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T05:06:11Z","timestamp":1698815171000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils Combinations based on Thymus broussonnetii, and Their Synergism with some Antibiotics"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Oumaima","family":"Amassmoud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imane","family":"Abbad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5063-1236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcello","family":"Iriti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lahcen","family":"Hassani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noureddine","family":"Mezrioui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdelaziz","family":"Abbad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"527","key":"3510_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-12947-x","volume":"22","author":"S Larsson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Larsson S, Svensson M, Ternhag A (2022) Production loss and sick leave caused by antibiotic resistance: a register-based cohort study. BMC Public Health 22(527):1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-022-12947-x","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"3510_CR2","unstructured":"European Commission (EC) (2017) A European one health action plan against antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Brussels: EC. Available from: https:\/\/health.ec.europa.eu\/antimicrobial-resistance\/eu-action-antimicrobial-resistance_en#ref-2017-eu-one-health-action-plan-against-amr"},{"key":"3510_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2022.119385","volume":"289","author":"DP Rahayu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rahayu DP, De Mori A, Yusuf R, Draheim R, Lalatsa A, Roldo M (2022) Enhancing the antibacterial effect of chitosan to combat orthopaedic implant-associated infections. Carbohydr Polym 289:119385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.carbpol.2022.119385","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"3510_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.14474","volume":"84","author":"GT de Souza Pedrosa","year":"2019","unstructured":"de Souza Pedrosa GT, de Carvalho RJ, Berdejo D, de Souza EL, Pag\u00e1n R, Magnani M (2019) Control of autochthonous spoilage lactic acid bacteria in apple and orange juices by sensorially accepted doses of Citrus Spp. essential oils combined with mild heat treatments. J Food Sci 84:848\u2013858. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1750-3841.14474","journal-title":"J Food Sci"},{"key":"3510_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6089","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.7218","volume":"35","author":"R Bhattacharya","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bhattacharya R, Rolta R, Dev K, Sourirajan A (2021) Synergistic potential of essential oils with antibiotics to combat fungal pathogens: Present status and future perspectives. Phytother Res 35:6089\u20136100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ptr.7218","journal-title":"Phytother Res"},{"key":"3510_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2022.08.027","volume":"150","author":"A El Baaboua","year":"2022","unstructured":"El Baaboua A, El Maadoudi M, Bouyahya A, Belmehdi O, Kounnoun A, Cheyadmi S, Ouzakar S, Senhaji NS, Abrini J (2022) Evaluation of the combined effect of antibiotics and essential oils against Campylobacter multidrug resistant strains and their biofilm formation. S Afr J Bot 150:451\u2013465. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sajb.2022.08.027","journal-title":"S Afr J Bot"},{"key":"3510_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153626","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153626","volume":"90","author":"FJ \u00c1lvarez-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2021","unstructured":"\u00c1lvarez-Mart\u00ednez FJ, Barraj\u00f3n-Catal\u00e1n E, Herranz-L\u00f3pez M, Micol V (2021) Antibacterial plant compounds, extracts and essential oils: An updated review on their effects and putative mechanisms of action. Phytomedicine 90:153626. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153626","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"3510_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6550","volume":"34","author":"J Sharifi-Rad","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sharifi-Rad J, Melgar-Lalanne G, Hern\u00e1ndez-\u00c1lvarez AJ, Taheri Y, Shaheen S, Kregiel D, Antolak H, Pawlikowska E, Brdar-Jokanovi\u0107 M, Rajkovic J, Hosseinabadi T, Ljevnai\u0107-Ma\u0161i\u0107 B, Baghalpour N, Mohajeri M, Fokou PVT, Martins N (2020) Malva species: Insights on its chemical composition towards pharmacological applications. Phytother Res 34:546\u2013567. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ptr.6550","journal-title":"Phytother Res"},{"key":"3510_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1740","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2020.1846494","volume":"62","author":"J Ju","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ju J, Xie Y, Yu H, Guo Y, Cheng Y, Qian H, Yao W (2020) Synergistic interactions of plant essential oils with antimicrobial agents: a new antimicrobial therapy. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 62:1740\u20131751. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10408398.2020.1846494","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"issue":"144","key":"3510_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s42269-019-0184-9","volume":"43","author":"SSM AtefNM","year":"2019","unstructured":"AtefNM SSM, Negm SI, Abbas YA (2019) Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of some plant extracts against antibiotic susceptible and resistant bacterial strains causing wound infection. Bull Natl Res Cent 43(144):1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s42269-019-0184-9","journal-title":"Bull Natl Res Cent"},{"key":"3510_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-016-1105-1","volume":"16","author":"NJAK DjeussiDE","year":"2016","unstructured":"DjeussiDE NJAK, Ngadjui BT, Kuete V (2016) Antibacterial and antibiotic-modulation activity of six Cameroonian medicinal plants against Gram-negative multi-drug resistant phenotypes. BMC Complement Altern Med 16:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12906-016-1105-1","journal-title":"BMC Complement Altern Med"},{"key":"3510_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9013","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-019-10100-0","volume":"103","author":"M Xu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xu M, Xue H, Li X, Zhao Y, Lin L, Yang L, Zheng G (2019) Chemical composition, antibacterial properties, and mechanism of Smilax china L. polyphenols. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 103:9013\u20139022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00253-019-10100-0","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"3510_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2011.12.003","volume":"19","author":"M Fadli","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fadli M, Saad A, Sayadi S, Chevalier J, Mezrioui NE, Pages JM, Hassani L (2012) Antibacterial activity of Thymus maroccanus and Thymus broussonetii essential oils against nosocomial infection - Bacteria and their synergistic potential with antibiotics. Phytomedicine 19:464\u2013471. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phymed.2011.12.003","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"3510_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2011.12.003","volume":"19","author":"M Fadli","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fadli M, Saad A, Sayadi S, Chevalier J, Mezrioui NE, Pages JM, Hassani L (2011) Antibacterial activity of Thymus maroccanus and Thymus broussonetii essential oils against nosocomial infection - Bacteria and their synergistic potential with antibiotics. Phytomedicine 19:464\u2013471. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phymed.2011.12.003","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"3510_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2013.05.016","volume":"49","author":"CA Jamali","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jamali CA, Kasrati A, Bekkouche K, Hassani L, Wohlmuth H, Leach D, Abbad A (2013) Phenological changes to the chemical composition and biological activity of the essential oil from Moroccan endemic thyme (Thymus maroccanus Ball). Ind Crops Prod 49:366\u2013372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.indcrop.2013.05.016","journal-title":"Ind Crops Prod"},{"key":"3510_CR16","unstructured":"Fennane M, IbnTattou M, El oualidi J (2014) Flore Pratique du Maroc, Dicotyl\u00e9dones (p.p.), Monocotyl\u00e9dones, volume 3. Institut Scientifique, Universit\u00e9 Mohammed V, Rabat."},{"key":"3510_CR17","volume-title":"La pharmacop\u00e9e marocaine traditionnelle","author":"J Bellakhdar","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bellakhdar J (1997) La pharmacop\u00e9e marocaine traditionnelle. Ibis Press, Paris, M\u00e9decine arabe ancienne et savoirs populaires"},{"key":"3510_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2010.03.020","volume":"17","author":"A Saad","year":"2010","unstructured":"Saad A, Fadli M, Bouaziz M, Benharref A, Mezrioui NE, Hassani L (2010) Anticandidal activity of the essential oils of Thymus maroccanus and Thymus broussonetii and their synergism with amphotericin B and fluconazol. Phytomedicine 17:1057\u20131060. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phymed.2010.03.020","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"3510_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-70262-9_7","volume":"266","author":"H Van Den Dool","year":"1963","unstructured":"Van Den Dool H, Kratz P (1963) A generalization of the retention index system including linear temperature programmed gas-liquid partition chromatography. J Chromatogr 266:225\u2013254. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-70262-9_7","journal-title":"J Chromatogr"},{"key":"3510_CR20","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) (2015) Performance standards for antimicrobial disk susceptibility tests, twelfth ed, Approved Standard M02-A12, Wayne, PA, USA."},{"key":"3510_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Weinstein MP, Patel JB, Burnhman C-A, Zimmer BL (2018) Clinical and laboratory standards institute methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically standard, approval CDM-A. In: M07 Methods Dilution Antimicrob Susceptibility Tests Bact That Grow Aerob. 9122.Kwiatkowski P, \u0141opusiewicz \u0141, Pruss A, Kostek M, Sienkiewicz M, Bonikowski R, Wojciechowska-Koszko I, Do\u0142\u0119gowska B (2020) Antibacterial activity of selected essential oil compounds alone and in combination with \u03b2-lactam antibiotics against MRSA strains. Int J Mol Sci 21: 1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21197106.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21197106"},{"key":"3510_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21197106","volume":"21","author":"P Kwiatkowski","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kwiatkowski P, \u0141opusiewicz \u0141, Pruss A, Kostek M, Sienkiewicz M, Bonikowski R, Wojciechowska-Koszko I, Do\u0142\u0119gowska B (2020) Antibacterial activity of selected essential oil compounds alone and in combination with \u03b2-lactam antibiotics against MRSA strains. Int J Mol Sci 21:1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21197106","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"3510_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2312","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.1073","volume":"7","author":"D Skroza","year":"2019","unstructured":"Skroza D, \u0160imat V, Smole Mo\u017eina S, Katalini\u0107 V, Boban N, I. Generali\u0107 Mekini\u0107 I, (2019) Interactions of resveratrol with other phenolics and activity against food-borne pathogens. Food Sci Nutr 7:2312\u20132318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/fsn3.1073","journal-title":"Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"3510_CR24","unstructured":"WHO (World Health Organization) (2014) Antimicrobial resistance: Global report on surveillance. https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/112642\/9789 241564748_eng.pdf?sequence=1 (accessed January 12, 2023)."},{"key":"3510_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1007\/s11627-011-9352-9","volume":"47","author":"TS Al-qudah","year":"2011","unstructured":"Al-qudah TS, Shibli RA, Alali FQ (2011) In vitro propagation and secondary metabolites production in wild germander (Teucrium polium L.). In Vitro Cell Dev Biol- Plant 47:496\u2013505. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11627-011-9352-9","journal-title":"In Vitro Cell Dev Biol- Plant"},{"issue":"2","key":"3510_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arabjc.2012.04.042","volume":"7","author":"G Barroso","year":"2014","unstructured":"Barroso G, Pedro LG, Belhattab R, Amor L, Figueiredo AC (2014) Essential oil from Artemisia herba-alba Asso grown wild in Algeria\u202f: Variability assessment and comparison with an updated literature survey. Arab J Chem 7(2):243\u2013251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arabjc.2012.04.042","journal-title":"Arab J Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"3510_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/0972060X.2019.1708216","volume":"23","author":"SE El-bakkal","year":"2020","unstructured":"El-bakkal SE, Zeroual S, Elouazkiti M, Mansori M, Bouamama H, Zehhar N, El-Kaoua M (2020) Comparison of yield chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils obtained from Thymus pallidus and Thymus satureioides Coss grown in wild and cultivated conditions in Morocco. J Essent Oil Bear Plants 23(1):1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0972060X.2019.1708216","journal-title":"J Essent Oil Bear Plants"},{"issue":"2","key":"3510_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1002\/ffj.1651","volume":"21","author":"A Farah","year":"2006","unstructured":"Farah A, Afifi A, Fechtal M, Chhen A, Satrani B, Talbi M, Chaouch A (2006) Fractional distillation effect on the chemical composition of Moroccan myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) essential oils. Flavour Fragr J 21(2):351\u2013354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ffj.1651","journal-title":"Flavour Fragr J"},{"key":"3510_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfoodeng.2016.12.022","volume":"200","author":"LA Conde-Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2017","unstructured":"Conde-Hern\u00e1ndez LA, Espinosa-Victoria JR, Trejo A, Guerrero-Beltr\u00e1n JA (2017) CO2-supercritical extraction, hydrodistillation and steam distillation of essential oil of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis). J Food Eng 200:81\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jfoodeng.2016.12.022","journal-title":"J Food Eng"},{"key":"3510_CR30","first-page":"53","volume":"2","author":"M Ouknin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ouknin M, Romane A, Costa J, Majidi L (2017) Chemical composition and antioxidant activities of Thymus pallidus Essential Oils. J Appl Chem Environ Prot 2:53\u201361","journal-title":"J Appl Chem Environ Prot"},{"key":"3510_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2015.01.045","volume":"54","author":"G Pesavento","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pesavento G, Calonico C, Bilia AR, Barnabei M, Calesini F, Addona R, Mencarelli L, Carmagnini L, Di Martino MC, Lo Nostro A (2015) Antibacterial activity of Oregano, Rosmarinus and Thymus essential oils against Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes in beef meatballs. Food Control 54:188\u2013199","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"3510_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1080\/10412905.2014.964426","volume":"27","author":"A El Asbahani","year":"2015","unstructured":"El Asbahani A, Jilale A, Voisin SN, A\u00eft Addi EH, Casabianca H, El Mousadik A, Hartmann DJ, Renaud FNR (2015) Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of nine essential oils obtained by steam distillation of plants from the Souss-Massa Region (Morocco). J Essent Oil Res 27:34\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10412905.2014.964426","journal-title":"J Essent Oil Res"},{"key":"3510_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11070954","volume":"11","author":"I Tagnaout","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tagnaout I, Zerkani H, Hadi N, El Moumen B, El Makhoukhi F, Bouhrim M, Al-Salahi R, Nasr FA, Mechchate H, Zair T (2022) Chemical composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Thymus broussonetii Boiss and Thymus capitatus (L.) Hoffmann and Link essential oils. Plants 11:1\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/plants11070954","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"3510_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.5897\/JMPR12.1160","volume":"7","author":"N Belmekki","year":"2013","unstructured":"Belmekki N, Bendimerad N, Bekhechi C, Fernandez X (2013) Chemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of Teucrium polium L. essential oil from Western Algeria. J Med Plants Res 7:897\u2013902. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5897\/JMPR12.1160","journal-title":"J Med Plants Res"},{"key":"3510_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-79713-0","volume":"11","author":"NM Wijesundara","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wijesundara NM, Lee SF, Cheng Z, Davidson R, Rupasinghe HPV (2021) Carvacrol exhibits rapid bactericidal activity against Streptococcus pyogenes through cell membrane damage. Sci Rep 11:1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-79713-0","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"11","key":"3510_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2072","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24112072","volume":"24","author":"MR Youssefi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Youssefi MR, Moghaddas E, Tabari MA, Moghadamnia AA, Hosseini SM, Farash BRH, Ebrahimi MA, Mousavi NN, Fata A, Maggi F, Petrelli R, Dall\u2019Acqua S, Benelli G, Sut S (2019) In Vitro and In Vivo effectiveness of carvacrol, thymol and linalool against Leishmania infantum. Molecules 24(11):2072. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules24112072","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"3510_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2021.108480","volume":"132","author":"M Ma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ma M, Zhao J, Yan X, Zeng Z, Wan D, Yu P, Xia J, Zhang D, Gong D (2022) Synergistic effects of monocaprin and carvacrol against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella typhimurium in chicken meat preservation. Food Control 132:108480. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodcont.2021.108480","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"3510_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3042","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2019.1675585","volume":"60","author":"K Kachur","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kachur K, Suntres Z (2020) The antibacterial properties of phenolic isomers, carvacrol and thymol. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 60:3042\u20133053. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10408398.2019.1675585","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"3510_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2014.07.024","volume":"61","author":"A Kasrati","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kasrati A, Alaoui CM, Fadli M, Bekkouche K, Hassani L, Wohlmuth H, Leach D, Abbad A (2014) Antioxidative activity and synergistic effect of Thymus saturejoides Coss. essential oils with cefixime against selected food-borne bacteria. Ind Crop Prod 61:338\u2013344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.indcrop.2014.07.024","journal-title":"Ind Crop Prod"},{"key":"3510_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10298-017-1107-2","author":"CA Jamali","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jamali CA, Kasrati A, Fadli M, Hassani L, Leach D, A. Abbad A, (2017) Synergistic effects of three Moroccan thyme essential oils with antibiotic cefixime. Phytoth\u00e9rapie. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10298-017-1107-2","journal-title":"Phytoth\u00e9rapie"},{"key":"3510_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1007\/s11694-020-00630-x","volume":"15","author":"H Falleh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Falleh H, Djebali K, Ben Jemaa M, Hammami M, khammasi S, Ksouri R, (2021) Milk preservation: Enhancing the anti-Staphylococcus aureus potency using essential oils specific mixture. J Food Meas Charact 15:376\u2013385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11694-020-00630-x","journal-title":"J Food Meas Charact"},{"key":"3510_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.33640\/2405-609X.1546","volume":"6","author":"H El Hartiti","year":"2020","unstructured":"El Hartiti H, El Mostaphi A, Barrahi M, Ben Ali A, Chahboun N, Amiyare R, Zarrouk A, Bourkhiss B, Ouhssine M (2020) Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Myrtus communis leaves Karbala. Int J Mod Sci 6:251\u2013258. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33640\/2405-609X.1546","journal-title":"Int J Mod Sci"},{"key":"3510_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.7275","volume":"36","author":"F Nourbakhsh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nourbakhsh F, Lotfalizadeh M, Badpeyma M, Shakeri A, Soheili V (2022) From plants to antimicrobials: natural products against bacterial membranes. Phytother Res 36:33\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ptr.7275","journal-title":"Phytother Res"},{"key":"3510_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1177\/1082013211398803","volume":"17","author":"D Djenane","year":"2011","unstructured":"Djenane D, Yang\u00fcela J, Amrouche T, Boubrit S, Boussad N, Roncal\u00e9s P (2011) Chemical composition and antimicrobial effects of essential oils of Eucalyptus globulus, Myrtus communis and Satureja hortensis against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus in minced beef. Food Sci Technol Int 17:505\u2013515. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1082013211398803","journal-title":"Food Sci Technol Int"},{"key":"3510_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.4196\/kjpp.2020.24.1.27","volume":"24","author":"B Lee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lee B, Yeom M, Shim I, Lee H, Hahm DH (2020) Inhibitory effect of carvacrol on lipopolysaccharide-induced memory impairment in rats. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol 24:27\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4196\/kjpp.2020.24.1.27","journal-title":"Korean J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"issue":"10","key":"3510_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1080\/08927014.2020.1869949","volume":"36","author":"TK Swetha","year":"2020","unstructured":"Swetha TK, Vikraman A, Nithya C, Hari Prasath N, Pandian SK (2020) Synergistic antimicrobial combination of carvacrol and thymol impairs single and mixed-species biofilms of Candida albicans and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Biofouling 36(10):1256\u20131271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08927014.2020.1869949","journal-title":"Biofouling"},{"key":"3510_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2017.09.057","volume":"112","author":"H Miladi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Miladi H, Zmantar T, Kouidhi B, Al Qurashi YMA, Bakhrouf A, Chaabouni Y, Mahdouani K, Chaieb K (2017) Synergistic effect of eugenol, carvacrol, thymol, p-cymene and \u03b3-terpinene on inhibition of drug resistance and biofilm formation of oral bacteria. Microb Pathog 112:156\u2013163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micpath.2017.09.057","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"3510_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2012.692127","volume":"55","author":"J Vergis","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vergis J, Gokulakrishnan P, Agarwal RK, Kumar A (2015) Essential oils as natural food antimicrobial agents: a Review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 55:1320\u20131323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10408398.2012.692127","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"3510_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.12.026","volume":"154","author":"J Pereira de Sousa","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pereira de Sousa J, de Azer\u00eado GA, de Ara\u00fajo TR, da Silva Vasconcelos MA, da Concei\u00e7\u00e3o ML, de Souza EL (2012) Synergies of carvacrol and 1,8-cineole to inhibit bacteria associated with minimally processed vegetables. Int J Food Microbiol 154(3):145\u2013151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.12.026","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol"},{"key":"3510_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2011.04.012","volume":"44","author":"GA De Azeredo","year":"2011","unstructured":"De Azeredo GA, Stamford TLM, Nunes PC, Gomes Neto NJ, De Oliveira MEG, De Souza EL (2011) Combined application of essential oils from Origanum vulgare L. and Rosmarinus officinalis L. to inhibit bacteria and autochthonous microflora associated with minimally processed vegetables. Food Res Int 44:1541\u20131548. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodres.2011.04.012","journal-title":"Food Res Int"},{"key":"3510_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2022.109339","volume":"144","author":"KA Addo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Addo KA, Li H, Yu Y, Xiao X (2023) Unraveling the mechanism of the synergistic antimicrobial effect of cineole and carvacrol on Escherichia coli O157:H7 inhibition and its application on fresh-cut cucumbers. Food Control 144:109339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodcont.2022.109339","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"3510_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6631","volume":"34","author":"L Owen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Owen L, Webb JP, Green J, Smith LJ, Laird K (2020) From formulation to in vivo model: A comprehensive study of a synergistic relationship between vancomycin, carvacrol, and cuminaldehyde against Enterococcus faecium. Phytother Res 34:1638\u20131649. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ptr.6631","journal-title":"Phytother Res"},{"key":"3510_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5964","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2020.1808635","volume":"35","author":"V Aleksic Sabo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aleksic Sabo V, Nikolic I, Mimica-Dukic N, Knezevic P (2021) Anti-Acinetobacter baumannii activity of selected phytochemicals alone, in binary combinations and in combinations with conventional antibiotics. Nat Prod Res 35:5964\u20135967. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14786419.2020.1808635","journal-title":"Nat Prod Res"}],"container-title":["Current Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00284-023-03510-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00284-023-03510-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00284-023-03510-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]],"date-time":"2023-11-17T18:07:55Z","timestamp":1700244475000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00284-023-03510-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3510"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00284-023-03510-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0343-8651","1432-0991"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0343-8651","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0991","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 August 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 September 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 November 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no known financial or interpersonal conflicts that might be perceived as having influenced the research presented in this paper.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"398"}}