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In 2006, peanut butter was identified as a lab-confirmed source of <jats:italic>C. botulinum<\/jats:italic> spores for an adult colonization botulism case in Canada. It is recommended for infants to be exposed to peanut butter at an early age to help prevent the development of a peanut allergy, yet the prevalence of <jats:italic>C. botulinum<\/jats:italic> in retail peanut butters is currently unknown. This report details a survey that was conducted in 2007 for the presence of viable <jats:italic>C. botulinum<\/jats:italic> spores in 92 peanut butters and 12 other nut butter spreads obtained from retail grocery stores in Ottawa, Canada. Samples were tested for viable <jats:italic>C. botulinum<\/jats:italic> spores by detecting botulinum neurotoxin in enrichment cultures by mouse bioassay. Three of the peanut butters from the entire survey of nut butter spreads (3\/104, 3%) produced cultures containing botulinum neurotoxin. Whole genome sequencing performed on one isolate from this survey, as well as a clinical isolate and peanut butter isolates associated with the 2006 adult colonization case revealed that all <jats:italic>C. botulinum<\/jats:italic> isolates contained a full-length chromosomal <jats:italic>bont\/A1<\/jats:italic> gene within an ha\u2013orf\u2009+\u2009cassette. This study identifies retail peanut butters as a potential source of viable <jats:italic>C. botulinum<\/jats:italic> spores at the time of sampling. Whether peanut butter represents a food category that may be contributing to the incidence of infant botulism has yet to be determined.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-024-03843-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]],"date-time":"2024-08-23T18:03:34Z","timestamp":1724436214000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Prevalence of Clostridium botulinum in Retail Peanut Butters from a 2007 Survey in Ottawa, Canada"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"81","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4520-1079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard A.","family":"Harris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeff","family":"Bussey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annika","family":"Flint","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3366-9770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madeleine","family":"Blondin-Brosseau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0745-4235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelly","family":"Weedmark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8824-0495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John W.","family":"Austin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"3843_CR1","volume-title":"Clostridium botulinum: ecology and control in foods","author":"A Hauschild","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hauschild A, Dodds K (1993) Clostridium botulinum: ecology and control in foods. 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