{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:11:34Z","timestamp":1792782694720,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784592000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/024ghrf67","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Seed fund by Sindh Government, University of Karachi","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05bbbc791","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-026-05080-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T04:43:14Z","timestamp":1784608994000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative Analysis of Multidrug Resistance and Virulence in Interconnected Clinical and Environmental Salmonella Strains from Karachi, Pakistan"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Yamina","family":"Usmani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rabia","family":"Ilyas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sidrah","family":"Asghar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moatter","family":"Zehra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zulfiqar Ali","family":"Mirani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rao Muhammad Abid","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shabana Usman","family":"Simjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayaz","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"5080_CR1","unstructured":"Giannella RA (1996) Salmonella. In: Baron S (ed) Medical Microbiology, 4th ed. University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston (TX), Chap. 21, pp 1\u20137"},{"key":"5080_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805384","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.805384","volume":"12","author":"B Gong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gong B, Li H, Feng Y, Zeng S, Zhuo Z, Luo J, Chen X, Li X (2022) Prevalence, Serotype Distribution and Antimicrobial Resistance of Non-Typhoidal Salmonella in Hospitalized Patients in Conghua District of Guangzhou, China. Frontiers. Cell Infect Microbiol 12:805384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2022.805384","journal-title":"Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"5080_CR3","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2024) Typhoid and paratyphoid fever. CDC Yellow Book. Health information for international travel."},{"key":"5080_CR4","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2024) Salmonellosis (nontyphoidal). CDC Yellow Book. Health information for international travel."},{"issue":"8","key":"5080_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0010704","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010704","volume":"16","author":"C Ochieng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ochieng C, Chen JC, Osita MP, Katz LS, Griswold T, Omballa V, Carleton HA (2022) Molecular characterization of circulating Salmonella Typhi strains in an urban informal settlement in Kenya. PLOS Neglected Trop Microbiol Dis 16(8):e0010704. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010704","journal-title":"PLOS Neglected Trop Microbiol Dis"},{"issue":"3Suppl","key":"5080_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.18-0032","volume":"99","author":"A Radhakrishnan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Radhakrishnan A, Als D, Mintz ED, Crump JA, Stanaway J, Breiman RF, Bhutta ZA (2018) Introductory Article on Global Burden and Epidemiology of Typhoid Fever. Am J Trop Med Hygiene 99(3Suppl):4\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.18-0032","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hygiene"},{"key":"5080_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/520179","author":"A Andino","year":"2015","unstructured":"Andino A, Hanning I (2015) Salmonella enterica: survival, colonization, and virulence differences among serovars. Sci World J 520179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2015\/520179","journal-title":"Sci World J 520179"},{"issue":"1","key":"5080_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.18683\/germs.2021.1244","volume":"11","author":"GL Popa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Popa GL, Papa MI (2021) Salmonella spp. infection - a continuous threat worldwide. Germs 11(1):88\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18683\/germs.2021.1244","journal-title":"Germs"},{"key":"5080_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.95587","volume-title":"Salmonella spp.\u2013A Global Challenge","author":"NS Al-Khafaji","year":"2021","unstructured":"Al-Khafaji NS, Al-Bayati AM, Al-Dahmoshi HO (2021) Virulence factors of Salmonella typhi. Salmonella spp.\u2013A Global Challenge. IntechOpen, London. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5772\/intechopen.95587"},{"key":"5080_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Johnson R, Mylona E, Frankel G (2018) Typhoidal Salmonella: distinctive virulence factors and pathogenesis. Cellular20(9. e12939. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cmi.12939","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12939"},{"issue":"1","key":"5080_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2008.01.002","volume":"11","author":"O Steele-Mortimer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Steele-Mortimer O (2008) The Salmonella-containing vacuole\u2014moving with the times. Curr Opin Microbiol 11(1):38\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mib.2008.01.002","journal-title":"Curr Opin Microbiol"},{"key":"5080_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-5150-pvb-4928","volume":"38","author":"KA Borges","year":"2018","unstructured":"Borges KA, Furian TQ, Souza SN, Menezes R, Tondo EC, Salle CT, Nascimento VP (2018) Biofilm formation capacity of Salmonella serotypes at different temperature conditions. PesquisaVeterin\u00e1riaBrasileira 38:71\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/1678-5150-pvb-4928","journal-title":"PesquisaVeterin\u00e1riaBrasileira"},{"issue":"1","key":"5080_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-019-0533-3","volume":"8","author":"D Sharma","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sharma D, Misba L, Khan AU (2019) Antibiotics versus biofilm: an emerging battleground in microbial communities. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 8(1):1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13756-019-0533-3","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"key":"5080_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jaroni D (2014) SALMONELLA | Salmonella typhi. 349\u2013352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-384730-0.00296-2","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-384730-0.00296-2"},{"issue":"3","key":"5080_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1080\/21553769.2015.1051243","volume":"8","author":"SK Eng","year":"2015","unstructured":"Eng SK, Pusparajah P, AbMutalib NS, Ser HL, Chan KG, Lee LH (2015) Salmonella: a review on pathogenesis, epidemiology and antibiotic resistance. Front Life Sci 8(3):284\u2013293. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21553769.2015.1051243","journal-title":"Front Life Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"5080_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2512","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9122512","volume":"9","author":"K Jalal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jalal K, Khan K, Hassam M, Abbas MN, Uddin R, Khusro A, Gajd\u00e1cs M (2021) Identification of a novel therapeutic target against XDR Salmonella Typhi H58 using genomics driven approach followed up by natural products virtual screening. Microorganisms 9(12):2512. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms9122512","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"5080_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555819392","volume-title":"Food Microbiology: An Introduction","author":"KR Matthews","year":"2017","unstructured":"Matthews KR, Kniel KE, Montville TJ (2017) Food Microbiology: An Introduction, 4th edn. Wiley, Hoboken, NJ","edition":"4"},{"issue":"2","key":"5080_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2011.05.014","volume":"45","author":"J Hur","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hur J, Jawale C, Lee JH (2012) Antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolated from food animals: A review. Food Res Int 45(2):819\u2013830. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodres.2011.05.014","journal-title":"Food Res Int"},{"key":"5080_CR19","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (2023) Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing, 33rd ed. CLSI supplement M100. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute"},{"key":"5080_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2025.107283","volume":"200","author":"M Zehra","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zehra M, Asghar S, Ilyas R, Usmani Y, Khan RMA, Mirani ZA, Ahmed A (2025) Relationship of biofilm formation with antibiotic resistance, virulence determinants and genetic diversity in clinically isolated Acinetobacter baumannii strains in Karachi, Pakistan. Microb Pathog 200:107283. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micpath.2025.107283","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"5080_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104997","volume":"157","author":"Y Usmani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Usmani Y, Ahmed A, Faizi S, Versiani MA, Shamshad S, Khan S, Simjee SU (2021) Antimicrobial and biofilm inhibiting potential of an amide derivative [N-(2\u2032,4\u2032-dinitrophenyl)-3\u03b2-hydroxyurs-12-en-28-carbonamide] of ursolic acid by modulating membrane potential and quorum sensing against colistin resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Microb Pathog 157:104997. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104997","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"5080_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.12816\/journal.kmj.2009.41.2.117","volume":"41","author":"AA Dashti","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dashti AA, Jadaon MM, Abdulsamad AM, Dashti HM (2009) Heat treatment of bacteria: a simple method of DNA extraction for molecular techniques. Kuwait Med J 41:117\u2013122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12816\/journal.kmj.2009.41.2.117","journal-title":"Kuwait Med J"},{"issue":"5","key":"5080_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2006.09.003","volume":"24","author":"AA Khan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Khan AA, Melvin CD, Dagdag EB (2007) Identification and molecular characterization of Salmonella spp. from unpasteurized orange juices and identification of new serotype Salmonella strain S. enterica serovar Tempe. Food Microbiol 24(5):539\u2013543. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fm.2006.09.003","journal-title":"Food Microbiol"},{"issue":"02","key":"5080_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.12973","volume":"18","author":"N ul Huda","year":"2024","unstructured":"ul Huda N, Sohail M, Mirani ZA, Khan S (2024) Source tracking of extensively drug resistant Salmonella Typhi in food and raw vegetables using molecular approaches. J Infect Developing Ctries 18(02):227\u2013234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3855\/jidc.12973","journal-title":"J Infect Developing Ctries"},{"key":"5080_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lagha R, Abdallah FB, ALKhammash AA, Amor N, Hassan MM, Mabrouk I, \u2026 Gaber A (2021)Molecular characterization of multidrug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates recovered from King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital at Taif City, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Infection and Public Health, 14(1), 143\u2013151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jiph.2020.04.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2020.04.004"},{"key":"5080_CR26","unstructured":"M\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res (2024) Enteric (typhoid and paratyphoid) fevers. Clinical Guidelines: Diagnosis and Treatment Manual. http:\/\/medicalguidelines.msf.org\/en\/viewport\/CG\/english\/enteric-typhoid-and-paratyphoid-fevers-16689926.html. Accessed 4 May 2026"},{"key":"5080_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Batool A, Yunus N, Yaqoob ASMA, Lone DS, Khalid A, Ejaz HASAN, \u2026 Ahmed QASIM (2021)Prevalence of Multi-Drug Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Recovered from Pediatrics\u2019 Septicemia Patients in Lahore. Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 15(4), 843\u2013845. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53350\/pjmhs211541","DOI":"10.53350\/pjmhs211541"},{"key":"5080_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Longley AT, Hemlock C, Date K, Luby SP, Andrews JR, Saha SK, \u2026 Qamar FN (2020) Illness severity and outcomes among enteric fever cases from Bangladesh, Nepal, and Pakistan:data from the Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project, 2016\u20132019. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 71(Supplement_3), S222-S231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1320","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1320"},{"key":"5080_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Khokhar F, Pickard D, Dyson Z, Iqbal J, Pragasam A, John JJ, \u2026 Mutreja A (2022) Multiplex PCR assay to detect high risk lineages of Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi A. PLoS One, 17(7), e0267805. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0267805","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0267805"},{"issue":"6","key":"5080_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3281","volume":"47","author":"VK Wong","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wong VK, Baker S, Pickard DJ, Parkhill J, Page AJ, Feasey NA, Kingsley RA, Thomson NR, Keane JA, Weill FX, Edwards DJ, Hawkey J, Harris SR, Mather AE, Cain AK, Hadfield J, Hart PJ, Thieu NT, Klemm EJ, Glinos DA et al (2015) Phylogeographical analysis of the dominant multidrug-resistant H58 clade of Salmonella Typhi identifies inter- and intracontinental transmission events. Nat Genet 47(6):632\u2013639. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ng.3281","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"10","key":"5080_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0006779","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006779","volume":"12","author":"CD Britto","year":"2018","unstructured":"Britto CD, Wong VK, Dougan G, Pollard AJ (2018) A systematic review of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, the etiological agent of typhoid. PLoS Neglected Trop Disease 12(10):e0006779. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006779","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Trop Disease"},{"key":"5080_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Klemm EJ, Shakoor S, Page AJ, Qamar FN, Judge K, Saeed DK, \u2026 Hasan R (2018) Emergence of an extensively drug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi clone harboring a promiscuous plasmid encoding resistance to fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins. MBio, 9(1), e00105-18. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mBio.00105-18","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00105-18"},{"issue":"04","key":"5080_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.12973","volume":"15","author":"S Fida","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fida S, Mansoor H, Saif S, Iqbal J, Khan AQ (2021) Clinical perspectives of multiple and extensively drug-resistant typhoid; result from a tertiary care hospital from Pakistan. J Infect Developing Ctries 15(04):530\u2013537. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3855\/jidc.12973","journal-title":"J Infect Developing Ctries"},{"key":"5080_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Albert MJ, Bulach D, Alfouzan W, Izumiya H, Carter G, Alobaid K, \u2026 Poirel L (2019)Non-typhoidal Salmonella bloodstream infection in Kuwait: clinical and microbiological characteristics. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 13(4), e0007293. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007293","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007293"},{"key":"5080_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Carey ME, Thi Nguyen TN, Tran DHN, Dyson ZA, Keane JA, Pham Thanh D, \u2026 Baker S (2024)The origins of haplotype 58 (H58) Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. Communications Biology, 7(1), 775. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42003-024-04684-1","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-024-04684-1"},{"issue":"6","key":"5080_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.5483\/BMBRep.2023-0070","volume":"56","author":"S Jang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jang S (2023) AcrAB-TolC, a major efflux pump in Gram negative bacteria: toward understanding its operation mechanism. BMB Rep 56(6):326\u2013334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5483\/BMBRep.2023-0070","journal-title":"BMB Rep"},{"key":"5080_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Muturi P, Mbae C, Kibet E, Njoroge P, Kavai SM, Ideke D, \u2026 Kariuki S (2025) Antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation in rarely reported Salmonella enterica serovars from patients presenting with gastroenteritis in Nairobi, Kenya. Frontiers in Microbiology, 16, 1628784. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1628784","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1628784"},{"issue":"1","key":"5080_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1009209","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009209","volume":"17","author":"A Devaraj","year":"2021","unstructured":"Devaraj A, Gonz\u00e1lez JF, Eichar B, Thilliez G, Kingsley RA, Baker S, Allard MW, Bakaletz LO, Gunn JS, Goodman SD (2021) Enhanced biofilm and extracellular matrix production by chronic carriage versus acute isolates of Salmonella Typhi. PLoS Pathog 17(1):e1009209. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009209","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"5080_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Webber B, Borges KA, Furian TQ, Rizzo NN, Tondo EC, Santos LRD, \u2026 Nascimento VPD (2019)Detection of virulence genes in Salmonella Heidelberg isolated from chicken carcasses. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de S\u00e3o Paulo, 61, e36. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/s1678-9946201961036","DOI":"10.1590\/s1678-9946201961036"},{"key":"5080_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1439664","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1439664","volume":"15","author":"J Yan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yan J, Doublet B, Wiedemann A (2024) Trends in horizontal gene transfer research in Salmonella antimicrobial resistance: a bibliometric analysis. Front Microbiol 15:1439664. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1439664","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"5080_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(97)01082-2","volume":"5","author":"AJ B\u00e4umler","year":"1997","unstructured":"B\u00e4umler AJ (1997) The record of horizontal gene transfer in Salmonella. Trends Microbiol 5(8):318\u2013322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0966-842X(97)01082-2","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"5080_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"McClelland M, Sanderson KE, Clifton SW, Latreille P, Porwollik S, Sabo A, \u2026 Wilson RK (2004) Comparison of genome degradation in Paratyphi A and Typhi, human-restricted serovars of Salmonella enterica that cause typhoid. Nature Genetics, 36(12), 1268\u20131274. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ng1470","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1470"},{"issue":"2","key":"5080_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12120","volume":"72","author":"EH Mezal","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mezal EH, Bae D, Khan AA (2014) Detection and functionality of the CdtB, PltA, and PltB from Salmonella enterica serovar Javiana. Pathogens Disease 72(2):95\u2013103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/2049-632X.12120","journal-title":"Pathogens Disease"},{"issue":"1","key":"5080_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japr.2020.09.016","volume":"30","author":"Z Tan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tan Z, Lu P, Adewole D, Diarra MS, Gong J, Yang C (2021) Iron requirement in the infection of Salmonella and its relevance to poultry health. J Appl Poult Res 30(1):100101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.japr.2020.09.016","journal-title":"J Appl Poult Res"},{"key":"5080_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s42522-021-00035-w","volume":"3","author":"ET Olubisose","year":"2021","unstructured":"Olubisose ET, Ajayi A, Adeleye AI, Smith SI (2021) Molecular and phenotypic characterization of efflux pump and biofilm in multi-drug resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella Serovars isolated from food animals and handlers in Lagos Nigeria. One health outlook 3:2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s42522-021-00035-w","journal-title":"One health outlook"},{"issue":"1","key":"5080_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-021-02398-6","volume":"21","author":"MEM Nikiema","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nikiema MEM, Kakou-Ngazoa S, Ky\/Ba A, Sylla A, Bako E, Addablah AYA, Ouoba JB, Sampo E, Gnada K, Zongo O, Traor\u00e9 KA, Sanou A, Bonkoungou IJO, Ou\u00e9draogo R, Barro N, Sangar\u00e9 L (2021) Characterization of virulence factors of Salmonella isolated from human stools and street food in urban areas of Burkina Faso. BMC Microbiol 21(1):338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12866-021-02398-6","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5080_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2010.02.004","volume":"10","author":"G Nath","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nath G, Maurya P, Gulati AK (2010) ERIC PCR and RAPD based fingerprinting of Salmonella Typhi strains isolated over a period of two decades. Infect Genet evolution: J Mol Epidemiol evolutionary Genet Infect Dis 10(4):530\u2013536. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.meegid.2010.02.004","journal-title":"Infect Genet evolution: J Mol Epidemiol evolutionary Genet Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Current Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00284-026-05080-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00284-026-05080-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00284-026-05080-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T16:03:56Z","timestamp":1790093036000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00284-026-05080-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["5080"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00284-026-05080-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0343-8651","1432-0991"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0343-8651","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0991","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 May 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"482"}}