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The fungus\n                    <jats:italic>Cercospora<\/jats:italic>\n                    aff.\n                    <jats:italic>canescens<\/jats:italic>\n                    has been selected as potential mycoherbicide; however, inoculum production is considered a challenge. The purpose of this study was to define and optimize culture conditions for biomass and spore yield of\n                    <jats:italic>Cercospora<\/jats:italic>\n                    aff.\n                    <jats:italic>canescens<\/jats:italic>\n                    CMAA 1444 in submerged fermentation. Initially, a Plackett\u2013Burman experimental design with 12 treatments was conducted using a modified Czapek-Dox medium to screen the effect of these factors: carbon (dextrose): nitrogen (calcium nitrate) ratios (10:1, 50:1, and 100:1), pH (4, 7, and 8.5), light periods (0\u2009=\u2009continuous dark, 12\u00a0h, and 24\u00a0h), magnesium sulphate (0.25\u00a0g.L\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\u20091<\/jats:sup>\n                    , 1\u00a0g.L\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\u20091<\/jats:sup>\n                    , and 2.5\u00a0g.L\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\u20091<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and potassium sulphate (0.25\u00a0g.L\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\u20091<\/jats:sup>\n                    , 1 gL\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\u20091<\/jats:sup>\n                    , and 2.5\u00a0g.L\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\u20091<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) concentrations. Afterwards, individual assays were conducted in a completely randomized design using a broader range of C: N ratios (0:1; 20:1; 40:1; 60:1; 80:1; 100:1) and pH (3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8; 8.5, and 9). Highest biomass and spore yield were obtained after 14 days of submerged fermentation. Optimal conditions shared by both responses included 24-h light period, magnesium sulphate at 0.25\u00a0g.L\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\u20091<\/jats:sup>\n                    , and potassium chloride at 0.25\u00a0g.L\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\u20091<\/jats:sup>\n                    . Maximum biomass (3.0\u00a0g) was achieved at C: N ratio 100:1 and pH\u2009=\u20098.5, whereas maximum spore yield (8.4\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                    spores.mL\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\u20091<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) was achieved at C: N ratio 40:1 and pH\u2009=\u20095. These results represent an important step toward large-scale production of\n                    <jats:italic>Cercospora<\/jats:italic>\n                    aff.\n                    <jats:italic>canescens<\/jats:italic>\n                    , enabling its use as a mycoherbicide for the control of morningglories.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-026-05092-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T10:24:38Z","timestamp":1787739878000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Biomass and Spore Yield of Cercospora aff. canescens by Submerged Fermentation: Defining and Optimizing Culture Conditions"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"83","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6746-0576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K\u00e1tia","family":"de Lima Nechet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6180-2432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfredo Jos\u00e9 Barreto","family":"Luiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5373-2706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana J\u00falia","family":"Dias dos Reis Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0153-908X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela Maria","family":"de Lima Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4115-0155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernardo","family":"de Almeida Halfeld-Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"5092_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2113(08)60180-7","volume":"56","author":"DO TeBeest","year":"1996","unstructured":"TeBeest DO (1996) Biological control of weeds with plant pathogens and microbial pesticides. 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