{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T21:55:56Z","timestamp":1790632556961,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787356800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-026-05127-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T13:09:01Z","timestamp":1787404141000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genomic Characterization of a Multidrug-Resistant Serratia marcescens Isolate Recovered from a Neonatal Meningitis Case in Iraq"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Husam","family":"Al-Hraishawi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Namariq","family":"Al-Saadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shilan","family":"Jabbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mushtaq","family":"AL-Rubaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"5127_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e3282fcec5f","volume":"21","author":"W Zingg","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zingg W, Posfay-Barbe KM, Pittet D (2008) Healthcare-associated infections in neonates. Curr Opin Infect Dis 21(3):228\u2013234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/QCO.0b013e3282fcec5f","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"5127_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00017-11","volume":"24","author":"SD Mahlen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mahlen SD (2011) Serratia Infections: from Military Experiments to Current Practice. Clin Microbiol Rev 24(4):755\u2013791. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/CMR.00017-11","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"5127_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1159\/000222084","volume":"23","author":"F Baquero","year":"1977","unstructured":"Baquero F et al (1977) Antibiotherapy of Serratia marcescens Septicemia in Children. Chemotherapy 23(1):416\u2013422. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000222084","journal-title":"Chemotherapy"},{"key":"5127_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00451","volume":"11","author":"C Saralegui","year":"2020","unstructured":"Saralegui C, Ponce-Alonso C, P\u00e9rez-Viso M, Moles Alegre B, Escribano L, L\u00e1zaro-Perona E F, et al (2020) Genomics of Serratia marcescens isolates causing outbreaks in the same pediatric unit 47 years apart: position in an updated phylogeny of the species. Front Microbiol 11:451. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00451","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"5127_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0216581","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0216581","volume":"14","author":"E Escribano","year":"2019","unstructured":"Escribano E, Saralegui C, Moles L, Montes MT, Alba C, Alarc\u00f3n T et al (2019) Influence of a Serratia marcescens outbreak on the gut microbiota establishment process in low-weight preterm neonates. PLoS ONE 14(5):e0216581. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0216581","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"3","key":"5127_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2018.08.026","volume":"47","author":"L Redondo-Bravo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Redondo-Bravo L, Guti\u00e9rrez-Gonz\u00e1lez E, San Juan-Sanz I, Pellicer-Mart\u00ednez A, Ome\u00f1aca F, Robustillo-Rodela A et al (2019) Serratia marcescens outbreak in a neonatology unit of a Spanish tertiary hospital: Risk factors and control measures. Am J Infect Control 47(3):271\u2013279. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajic.2018.08.026","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"5127_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genrep.2025.102197","volume":"39","author":"IMS AL-Kadmy","year":"2025","unstructured":"AL-Kadmy IMS, Al-Saryi NA, Salman IMA, Garallah ET, Aziz SN, Al-Jubori SS et al (2025) Multidrug-resistant Serratia marcescens: a growing threat in Iraqi intensive care units. Gene Rep 39:102197. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.genrep.2025.102197","journal-title":"Gene Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"5127_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-023-09124-7","volume":"51","author":"HK Musafer","year":"2024","unstructured":"Musafer HK, Hussein NH, Kareem SM (2024) Neonatal intensive care units: extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase genes and biofilm formation by Serratia marcescens. Mol Biol Rep 51(1):167. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11033-023-09124-7","journal-title":"Mol Biol Rep"},{"key":"5127_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/mid.2025.431171.3311","author":"SS Alkhalaf","year":"2025","unstructured":"Alkhalaf SS, Motaweq ZY (2025) Prevalence and impact of ampC and luxS genes in multi-drug resistant Serratia marcescens from clinical specimens in Najaf Governorate. Microbes Infect Dis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/mid.2025.431171.3311","journal-title":"Microbes Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"5127_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.14500\/aro.11819","volume":"13","author":"IA Raheem","year":"2025","unstructured":"Raheem IA, Abdul FR, Subhi HT (2025) The role of immune defense in Serratia marcescens nosocomial infections. ARO Sci J KOYA Univ 13(1):34\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14500\/aro.11819","journal-title":"ARO Sci J KOYA Univ"},{"issue":"2","key":"5127_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.30699\/ijmm.19.2.127","volume":"19","author":"A Jabir Kazar","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jabir Kazar A, Noory Hussein A (2025) Molecular characterization of virulence genes in Serratia marcescens isolates from clinical cases in Al-Diwaniyah, Iraq: a cross-sectional study. Iran J Med Microbiol 19(2):127\u2013139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30699\/ijmm.19.2.127","journal-title":"Iran J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"5127_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.127220","volume":"423","author":"J Hou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hou J, Mao D, Zhang Y, Huang R, Li L, Wang X et al (2022) Long-term spatiotemporal variation of antimicrobial resistance genes within the Serratia marcescens population and transmission of S. marcescens revealed by public whole-genome datasets. J Hazard Mater 423:127220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.127220","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"issue":"8","key":"5127_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2461","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02272-07","volume":"74","author":"JA Frank","year":"2008","unstructured":"Frank JA, Reich CI, Sharma S, Weisbaum JS, Wilson BA, Olsen GJ (2008) Critical evaluation of two primers commonly used for amplification of bacterial 16S rRNA genes. Appl Environ Microbiol 74(8):2461\u20132470. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AEM.02272-07","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"5127_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D20","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab1112","volume":"50","author":"EW Sayers","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sayers EW, Bolton EE, Brister JR, Canese K, Chan J, Comeau DC et al (2022) Database resources of the National Center for Biotechnology Information. Nucleic Acids Res 50:D20\u2013D26. no. D1https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkab1112","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"5127_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02432-13","volume":"52","author":"AM Bobenchik","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bobenchik AM, Hindler JA, Giltner CL, Saeki S, Humphries RM (2014) Performance of Vitek 2 for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Staphylococcus spp. and Enterococcus spp. J Clin Microbiol 52:392\u2013397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.02432-13","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"5127_CR16","unstructured":"EUCAST (2024) Clinical breakpoints. https:\/\/eucast.org\/clinical_breakpoints\/"},{"key":"5127_CR17","unstructured":"FastQC (2024) Babraham Bioinformatics. https:\/\/www.bioinformatics.babraham.ac.uk\/projects\/fastqc\/"},{"issue":"15","key":"5127_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2114","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu170","volume":"30","author":"AM Bolger","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bolger AM, Lohse M, Usadel B (2014) Trimmomatic: a flexible trimmer for Illumina sequence data. Bioinformatics 30(15):2114\u20132120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu170","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"5","key":"5127_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1089\/cmb.2012.0021","volume":"19","author":"A Bankevich","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bankevich A, Nurk S, Antipov D, Gurevich AA, Dvorkin M, Kulikov AS et al (2012) SPAdes: a new genome assembly algorithm and its applications to single-cell sequencing. J Comput Biol 19(5):455\u2013477. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/cmb.2012.0021","journal-title":"J Comput Biol"},{"key":"5127_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3210","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btv351","volume":"31","author":"FA Sim\u00e3o","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sim\u00e3o FA, Waterhouse RM, Ioannidis P, Kriventseva EV, Zdobnov EM (2015) BUSCO: assessing genome assembly and annotation completeness with single-copy orthologs. Bioinformatics 31:3210\u20133212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btv351","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"5127_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li H (2013) Aligning sequence reads, clone sequences and assembly contigs with BWA-MEM. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.1303.3997. arXiv","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.1303.3997"},{"key":"5127_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Danecek P, Bonfield JK, Liddle L, Marshall J, Ohan V, Pollard MO et al (2021) Twelve years of SAMtools and BCFtools. Gigascience, vol. 10, no. 2, p. giab008. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gigascience\/giab008","DOI":"10.1093\/gigascience\/giab008"},{"key":"5127_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Seemann T (2014) Prokka: rapid prokaryotic genome annotation. Bioinformatics, vol. 30, no. 14, pp. 2068\u20132069. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu153","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu153"},{"issue":"11","key":"5127_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00483","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00483-19","volume":"63","author":"M Feldgarden","year":"2019","unstructured":"Feldgarden M, Brover J, Haft DA, Prasad AB, Slotta DJ, Tolstoy I et al (2019) Validating the AMRFinder tool and resistance gene database by using antimicrobial resistance genotype\u2013phenotype correlations in a collection of isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 63(11):e00483\u2013e00419. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.00483-19","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"5127_CR25","unstructured":"Seemann T (2024) Abricate (version 1.0.1). GitHub. https:\/\/github.com\/tseemann\/abricate. Accessed April 2026"},{"key":"5127_CR26","unstructured":"Seemann T (2025) Snippy: rapid haploid variant calling and core genome alignment. GitHub. https:\/\/github.com\/tseemann\/snippy. Accessed 15 Apr. 2025"},{"issue":"10","key":"5127_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000398","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000398","volume":"6","author":"O Schwengers","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schwengers O, Barth P, Falgenhauer L, Hain T, Chakraborty T, Goesmann A et al (2020) Platon: identification and characterization of bacterial plasmid contigs in short-read draft assemblies exploiting protein sequence-based replicon distribution scores. Microb Genom 6(10):e000398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/mgen.0.000398","journal-title":"Microb Genom"},{"issue":"7","key":"5127_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3895","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02412-14","volume":"58","author":"A Carattoli","year":"2014","unstructured":"Carattoli A, Zankari E, Garc\u00eda-Fern\u00e1ndez A, Voldby Larsen M, Lund O, Villa L et al (2014) In silico detection and typing of plasmids using PlasmidFinder and plasmid multilocus sequence typing. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 58(7):3895\u20133903. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.02412-14","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"5127_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00991","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.00991-22","volume":"88","author":"CL Brown","year":"2022","unstructured":"Brown CL, Mullet J, Hindi F, Stoll JE, Gupta S, Choi M et al (2022) mobileOG-db: a manually curated database of protein families mediating the life cycle of bacterial mobile genetic elements. Appl Environ Microbiol 88:e00991\u2013e00922. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aem.00991-22","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"5127_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W484","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad326","volume":"51","author":"JR Grant","year":"2023","unstructured":"Grant JR, Enns E, Marinier E, Mandal A, Herman EK, Chen C-Y et al (2023) Proksee: in-depth characterization and visualization of bacterial genomes. Nucleic Acids Res 51:W484\u2013W492. no. W1https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkad326","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"5127_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0524-x","volume":"15","author":"TJ Treangen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Treangen TJ, Ondov BD, Koren S, Phillippy AM (2014) The Harvest suite for rapid core-genome alignment and visualization of thousands of intraspecific microbial genomes. Genome Biol 15:524. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13059-014-0524-x","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"5127_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W293","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab301","volume":"49","author":"I Letunic","year":"2021","unstructured":"Letunic I, Bork P (2021) Interactive Tree Of Life (iTOL) v5: an online tool for phylogenetic tree display and annotation. Nucleic Acids Res 49:W293\u2013W296. no. W1https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkab301","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"5127_CR33","unstructured":"PubMLST (n.d.) Public databases for molecular typing and microbial genome diversity. https:\/\/pubmlst.org\/. Accessed 2026"},{"issue":"2","key":"5127_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics1202036","volume":"12","author":"R Zivkovic Zaric","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zivkovic Zaric R, Zaric M, Sekulic M, Zornic N, Nesic J, Rosic V et al (2023) Antimicrobial treatment of Serratia marcescens invasive infections: systematic review. Antibiot (Basel) 12(2):367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antibiotics1202036","journal-title":"Antibiot (Basel)"},{"key":"5127_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cosimato I, Santella B, Rufolo S, Sabatini P, Galdiero M, Capunzo M et al (2024) Current epidemiological status and antibiotic resistance profile of Serratia marcescens. 13(4):323. Antibioticshttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antibiotics13040323","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13040323"},{"issue":"3","key":"5127_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e146","DOI":"10.1097\/IPC.0000000000000987","volume":"29","author":"KP Gadhiya","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gadhiya KP, Goldman J, Panupong H, Balchander D, Cook E, Enriquez K et al (2021) Severe skin infections due to Serratia marcescens: a case associated with cat scratch in a patient with liver disease and review of the literature. Infect Dis Clin Pract 29(3):e146\u2013e150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/IPC.0000000000000987","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin Pract"},{"key":"5127_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6807-10-33","volume":"10","author":"Q Guo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Guo Q, Weng J, Xu X, Wang M, Wang X, Ye X et al (2010) A mutational analysis and molecular dynamics simulation of quinolone resistance proteins QnrA1 and QnrC from Proteus mirabilis. BMC Struct Biol 10:33. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1472-6807-10-33","journal-title":"BMC Struct Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"5127_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3290","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00310-15","volume":"59","author":"MH Wong","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wong MH, Chan EW, Chen S (2015) Evolution and dissemination of OqxAB-like efflux pumps, an emerging quinolone resistance determinant among members of Enterobacteriaceae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 59(6):3290\u20133297. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.00310-15","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"5127_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5195","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-32929-2","volume":"13","author":"DJ Williams","year":"2022","unstructured":"Williams DJ, Grimont PAD, Cazares A et al (2022) The genus Serratia revisited by genomics. Nat Commun 13:5195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-022-32929-2","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"3","key":"5127_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000793","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000793","volume":"8","author":"T Ono","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ono T, Taniguchi I, Nakamura K, Nagano DS, Nishida R, Gotoh Y et al (2022) Global population structure of the Serratia marcescens complex and identification of hospital-adapted lineages in the complex. Microb Genom 8(3):e000793. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/mgen.0.000793","journal-title":"Microb Genom"},{"key":"5127_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00761","volume":"11","author":"CO Vrancianu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vrancianu CO, Popa LI, Bleotu C, Chifiriuc MC (2020) Targeting plasmids to limit acquisition and transmission of antimicrobial resistance. Front Microbiol 11:761. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00761","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"}],"container-title":["Current Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00284-026-05127-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00284-026-05127-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00284-026-05127-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T21:02:27Z","timestamp":1790629347000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00284-026-05127-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["5127"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00284-026-05127-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0343-8651","1432-0991"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0343-8651","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0991","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Institutional Human Ethics Committee (IAEC) of the University of Misan - College of Medicine, Iraq (Approval No: MHD2025). Written informed consent was obtained from the patient\u2019s legal guardian for publication of clinical data and genomic findings.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"524"}}