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This study evaluated the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of eugenol (Eug) against\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    from food and clinical sources. Antibacterial activity was assessed using disk diffusion, broth microdilution (MIC\/MBC), and bacterial growth kinetics. Antibiofilm activity was measured by crystal violet staining, CFU enumeration, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Checkerboard assays evaluated the combinatorial effect of Eug with ciprofloxacin and oxacillin. Eug exhibited inhibition zones of 13\u201322\u00a0mm and MIC\/MBC values of 1000\u20132000\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL. Subinhibitory concentrations significantly delayed bacterial growth. Biofilm biomass was reduced by up to 90% in\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    and 80% in\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , with SEM confirming structural alterations. Checkerboard assays revealed additive interactions with antibiotics. These findings provide additional evidence of Eug\u2019s antibacterial properties and support further investigation into its combinatorial effects with antibiotics against biofilm-associated challenges.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-026-05201-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T06:52:14Z","timestamp":1792738334000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Eugenol Activity Against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus: Biofilm Disruption and Additive Interactions with Antibiotics"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Victor Alves","family":"Carneiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1guida Maria Albuquerque","family":"Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benise Ferreira","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramaiana Soares","family":"Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f4nio Mateus Gomes","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafaela Mesquita Bastos","family":"Cavalcante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco Eduardo Arag\u00e3o Catunda","family":"Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"5201_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (2018) Stemming the superbug tide: just a few dollars more. 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