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Biol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>All schoolchildren know how often they breathe, but even experts don\u2019t know exactly why. The aim of this publication is to develop a model of the resting spontaneous breathing rate using physiological, physical and mathematical methods with the aid of the principle that evolution pushes physiology in a direction that is as economical as possible. The respiratory rate then follows from an equation with the parameters <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$\\hbox {CO}_{2}$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                  <mml:msub>\n                    <mml:mtext>CO<\/mml:mtext>\n                    <mml:mn>2<\/mml:mn>\n                  <\/mml:msub>\n                <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>-production rate of the organism, resistance, static compliance and dead space of the lungs, the inspiration duration: expiration duration - ratio and the end-expiratory <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$\\hbox {CO}_{2}$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                  <mml:msub>\n                    <mml:mtext>CO<\/mml:mtext>\n                    <mml:mn>2<\/mml:mn>\n                  <\/mml:msub>\n                <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula> fraction. The derivation requires exclusively secondary school mathematics. Using the example of an adult human or a newborn child, data from the literature then result in normal values for their breathing rate at rest. The reason for the higher respiratory rate of a newborn human compared to an adult is the relatively high <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$\\hbox {CO}_{2}$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                  <mml:msub>\n                    <mml:mtext>CO<\/mml:mtext>\n                    <mml:mn>2<\/mml:mn>\n                  <\/mml:msub>\n                <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>-production rate together with the comparatively low compliance of the lungs. A side result is the fact that the common alveolar pressure throughout the lungs and the common time constant is a consequence of the economical principle as well. Since the above parameters are not human-specific, there is no reason to assume that the above equation could not also be applicable to many animals breathing through lungs within a thorax, especially mammals. Not only physiology and biology, but also medicine, could benefit: Applicability is being discussed in pulmonary function diagnostics, including pathophysiology. However, the present publication only claims to be a theoretical concept of the spontaneous quiet breathing rate. In the absence of comparable animal data, this publication is intended to encourage further scientific tests.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00285-022-01790-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]],"date-time":"2022-10-25T13:02:45Z","timestamp":1666702965000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The (human) respiratory rate at rest"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"85","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4379-001X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Schramm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"1790_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.33.6.740","volume":"33","author":"K Ashutosh","year":"1978","unstructured":"Ashutosh K, Keighley JF (1978) Passive expiration as a test of lung function. 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