{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T09:25:47Z","timestamp":1759742747948,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]],"date-time":"2020-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604966400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]],"date-time":"2020-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604966400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007210","name":"RWTH Aachen","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007210","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathologe"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>During the Second World War, the German Wehrmacht and the SS tested various chemical warfare agents on prisoners of concentration camps. The SS needed a\u00a0pathologist to do this. Therefore, Reichsarzt SS Ernst-Robert Grawitz recruited the 32-year-old Hans Wolfgang Sachs. Despite his position as senior pathologist at the office of the Reichsarzt SS, Sachs was spared interrogation and prosecution after 1945, although the prosecution presented a\u00a0document about chemical warfare and human experiments during the Nuremberg medical trial. In this, Sachs was named as a\u00a0participant in so-called \u201cN-Stoff\u201d (chlorine trifluoride) experiments. Little is known about Sachs to this day. This article is intended to close this gap. Of particular interest are the motives and reasons why Sachs joined the party and the SS, as well as his career after 1945.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00292-019-00737-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,12]],"date-time":"2020-11-12T09:16:51Z","timestamp":1605172611000},"page":"11-19","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Hans Wolfgang Sachs (1912\u20132000)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Jens","family":"Westemeier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Scheib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hendrik","family":"Uhlendahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dominik","family":"Gross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mathias","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"737_CR1","unstructured":"Bundesarchiv Ludwigsburg (BAL), B 162\/4273, Aktenvermerk"},{"key":"737_CR2","unstructured":"BAL, B 162\/20014, Dokumentenanlage, Schreiben Grawitz an RFSS v. 8. 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Wallstein, G\u00f6ttingen, p 175"},{"issue":"4","key":"737_CR48","first-page":"244","volume":"73","author":"M Schmidt","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schmidt\u00a0M, Gro\u00df\u00a0D, Westemeier\u00a0J (2018) Karl Blumenreuter (1881\u20131969): Himmler\u2019s chief pharmacist and medical supply quartermaster of the SS. Pharmazie 73(4):244\u2013247","journal-title":"Pharmazie"},{"issue":"1","key":"737_CR49","first-page":"156","volume":"20","author":"G von Schmoller","year":"1979","unstructured":"von Schmoller\u00a0G (1979) Die deutschen Vergeltungsma\u00dfnahmen nach den tschechischen Studentendemonstrationen in Prag im Oktober und November 1939. Bohemia 20(1):156\u2013174","journal-title":"Bohemia"},{"key":"737_CR50","unstructured":"Staatsarchiv Ludwigsburg (StAL), EL 902\/16, B\u00fc 2414, Aussage Sachs, etwa 1948"},{"key":"737_CR51","unstructured":"StAL, EL 902\/16, B\u00fc 2415, Schreiben Hamperl vom 10. 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Konstanz University Press, Konstanz"}],"container-title":["Der Pathologe"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00292-019-00737-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00292-019-00737-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00292-019-00737-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,5]],"date-time":"2021-11-05T12:03:42Z","timestamp":1636113822000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00292-019-00737-z"}},"subtitle":["From Nazi Volkstumsk\u00e4mpfer and chief pathologist of the Reich Physician SS to chairholder in the Federal Republic of Germany. English version","Vom nationalsozialistischen\u201eVolkstumsk\u00e4mpfer\u201c und \u201eLeitendenPathologen beim Reichsarzt-SS\u201c zum Lehrstuhlinhaber in der Bundesrepublik"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["737"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00292-019-00737-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0172-8113","1432-1963"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0172-8113"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1432-1963"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 November 2020","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical guidelines"}},{"value":"J.\u00a0Westemeier, S.\u00a0Scheib, H.\u00a0Uhlendahl, D.\u00a0Gross, and M.\u00a0Schmidt declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"For this article no studies with human participants or animals were performed by any of the authors. All studies performed were in accordance with the ethical standards indicated in each case.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The supplement containing this article is not sponsored by industry.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}