{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T03:27:06Z","timestamp":1740108426684,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,30]],"date-time":"2018-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525046400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rheumatol Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-018-4036-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,30]],"date-time":"2018-04-30T05:01:19Z","timestamp":1525064479000},"page":"993-1001","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Comparison of the diagnostic potential of three anti-citrullinated protein antibodies as adjuncts to rheumatoid factor and CCP in a cohort of South African rheumatoid arthritis patients"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7318-1055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pieter W. A.","family":"Meyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahmood T. M.","family":"Ally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bridget","family":"Hodkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5925-6452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronald","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Tikly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"4036_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2569","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27584","volume":"62","author":"D Aletaha","year":"2010","unstructured":"Aletaha D, Neogi T, Silman AJ, Funovits J, Felson DT et al (2010) 2010 rheumatoid arthritis classification criteria: an American College of Rheumatology\/European League Against Rheumatism collaborative initiative. Arthritis Rheum 62(9):2569\u20132581. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.27584","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"11","key":"4036_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24827","volume":"61","author":"R Aggarwal","year":"2009","unstructured":"Aggarwal R, Liao K, Nair R, Ringold S, Costenbader KH (2009) Anti-citrullinated peptide antibody assays and their role in the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 61(11):1472\u20131483. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.24827","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"5","key":"4036_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-014-0419-6","volume":"16","author":"KD Deane","year":"2014","unstructured":"Deane KD (2014) Preclinical rheumatoid arthritis (autoantibodies): an updated review. Curr Rheumatol Rep 16(5):419. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11926-014-0419-6","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep"},{"key":"4036_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2014.06.015","volume":"437","author":"ZD Hu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hu ZD, Deng AM (2014) Autoantibodies in pre-clinical autoimmune disease. Clin Chim Acta 437:14\u201318. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cca.2014.06.015","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"issue":"6","key":"4036_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-016-3433-3","volume":"36","author":"PW Meyer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Meyer PW, Ally MM, Anderson R (2016) Reliable and cost-effective serodiagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int 36(6):751\u2013758. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-016-3433-3","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"4036_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Meyer PW, Hodkinson B, Ally M, Musenge E, Wadee AA, Fickl H, Tikly M, Anderson R (2010) Circulating cytokine profiles and their relationships with autoantibodies, acute phase reactants, and disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Mediat Inflamm 2010:158514. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2010\/158514","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/158514"},{"issue":"5","key":"4036_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R160","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3479","volume":"13","author":"PW Meyer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Meyer PW, Hodkinson B, Ally M, Musenge E, Wadee AA, Fickl H, Tikly M, Anderson R (2011) HLA-DRB1 shared epitope genotyping using the revised classification and its association with circulating autoantibodies, acute phase reactants, cytokines and clinical indices of disease activity in a cohort of South African rheumatoid arthritis patients. Arthritis Res Ther 13(5):R160. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/ar3479","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"4036_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-015-0587-1","volume":"16","author":"MM Ally","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ally MM, Hodkinson B, Meyer PW, Musenge E, Tintinger GR, Tikly M, Anderson R (2015) Circulating anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies, cytokines and genotype as biomarkers of response to disease-modifying antirheumatic drug therapy in early rheumatoid arthritis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 16:130. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-015-0587-1","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"4036_CR9","first-page":"S100-S108","volume":"23","author":"D Aletaha","year":"2005","unstructured":"Aletaha D, Smolen J (2005) The Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI) and the Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI): a review of their usefulness and validity in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheum 23(5):S100-S108","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheum"},{"issue":"S5","key":"4036_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S214","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11407","volume":"49","author":"J Fransen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Fransen J, Stucki G, van Riel PLCM. (2003) Rheumatoid arthritis measures: Disease Activity Score (DAS), Disease Activity Score-28 (DAS28), Rapid Assessment of Disease Activity in Rheumatology (RADAR), and Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity Index (RADAI). Arthritis Rheum 49(S5):S214\u2013S224. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.11407","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"4","key":"4036_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20989","volume":"52","author":"S Tezenas Du Montcel","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tezenas Du Montcel S, Michou L, Petit-Teixeira E, Osorio J, Lemaire I, Lasbleiz S, Pierlot C, Quillet P, Bardin T, Prum B, Cornelis F, Clerget-Darpoux F (2005) New classification of HLA-DRB1 alleles supports the shared epitope hypothesis of rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility. Arthritis Rheum 52(4):1063\u20131068. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.20989","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"3","key":"4036_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R79","DOI":"10.1186\/ar1949","volume":"8","author":"L Michou","year":"2006","unstructured":"Michou L, Croiseau P, Petit-Teixeira E, du Montcel ST, Lemaire I, Pierlot C, Osorio J, Frigui W, Lasbleiz S, Quillet P, Bardin T, Prum B, Clerget-Darpoux F, Cornelis F, European Consortium on Rheumatoid Arthritis F (2006) Validation of the reshaped shared epitope HLA-DRB1 classification in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 8(3):R79. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/ar1949","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"4036_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwn301","volume":"169","author":"NL Benowitz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Benowitz NL, Bernert JT, Caraballo RS, Holiday DB, Wang J (2009) Optimal serum cotinine levels for distinguishing cigarette smokers and nonsmokers within different racial\/ethnic groups in the United States between 1999 and 2004. Am J Epidemiol 169(2):236\u2013248. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aje\/kwn301","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"4036_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-201491","volume":"71","author":"D Aletaha","year":"2012","unstructured":"Aletaha D, Martinez-Avila J, Kvien TK, Smolen JS (2012) Definition of treatment response in rheumatoid arthritis based on the simplified and the clinical disease activity index. Ann Rheum Dis 71(7):1190\u20131196. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-201491","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"4036_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kev261","volume":"55","author":"K Raza","year":"2016","unstructured":"Raza K, Klareskog L, Holers VM (2016) Predicting and preventing the development of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology 55(1):1\u20133. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/kev261","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"4036_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-017-0627-z","volume":"39","author":"V Derksen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Derksen V, Huizinga TWJ, van der Woude D (2017) The role of autoantibodies in the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis. Semin Immunopathol 39(4):437\u2013446. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00281-017-0627-z","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"key":"4036_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1853","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01853","volume":"8","author":"LI Sakkas","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sakkas LI, Daoussis D, Liossis SN, Bogdanos DP (2017) The infectious basis of ACPA-positive rheumatoid arthritis. Front Microbiol 8:1853. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01853","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4036_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1007\/s13317-017-0098-1","volume":"8","author":"S Sirotti","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sirotti S, Generali E, Ceribelli A, Isailovic N, De Santis M, Selmi C (2017) Personalized medicine in rheumatology: the paradigm of serum autoantibodies. Auto Immun Highlights 8(1):10. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13317-017-0098-1","journal-title":"Auto Immun Highlights"},{"key":"4036_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sun P, Wang W, Chen L, Li N, Meng X, Bian J, Yang J, Wang X, Zhu W, Ming L (2017) Diagnostic value of autoantibodies combined detection for rheumatoid arthritis. J Clin Lab Anal 31 (5). \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcla.22086","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.22086"},{"key":"4036_CR20","unstructured":"Karayev D, Shen GQ, Lam Y, Rimmer A, Lal N, Karayev E, Azarraga K, Blum RA, Metzger AL, Morris RI, Horizon AA (2016) Sensitivity and specificity of 14-3-3 eta, Anti-CEP-1 and anti-sa antibodies in a cohort of seronegative and suspected rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients from a community rheumatology practice. Arthritis Rheum 68 (suppl 10), p 494"},{"key":"4036_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2017.05.010","volume":"189","author":"B Nakken","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nakken B, Papp G, Bosnes V, Zeher M, Nagy G, Szodoray P (2017) Biomarkers for rheumatoid arthritis: From molecular processes to diagnostic applications-current concepts and future perspectives. Immunol Lett 189:13\u201318. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.imlet.2017.05.010","journal-title":"Immunol Lett"},{"issue":"6","key":"4036_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40053","volume":"69","author":"AJ Pelzek","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pelzek AJ, Gronwall C, Rosenthal P, Greenberg JD, McGeachy M, Moreland L, Rigby WFC, Silverman GJ (2017) Persistence of disease-associated anti-citrullinated protein antibody-expressing memory B cells in rheumatoid arthritis in clinical remission. Arthritis Rheum 69(6):1176\u20131186. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.40053","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"2","key":"4036_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2017-211782","volume":"77","author":"J Ronnelid","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ronnelid J, Hansson M, Mathsson-Alm L, Cornillet M, Reed E, Jakobsson PJ, Alfredsson L, Holmdahl R, Skriner K, Serre G, Lundberg K, Klareskog L (2018) Anticitrullinated protein\/peptide antibody multiplexing defines an extended group of ACPA-positive rheumatoid arthritis patients with distinct genetic and environmental determinants. Ann Rheum Dis 77(2):203\u2013211. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/annrheumdis-2017-211782","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"4036_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.111523","volume":"39","author":"YF Hou","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hou YF, Sun GZ, Sun HS, Pan WP, Liu WB, Zhang CQ (2012) Diagnostic value of anti-Sa and anticitrullinated protein antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 39(8):1506\u20131508. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3899\/jrheum.111523","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4036_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.12544","volume":"18","author":"C Iwaszkiewicz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Iwaszkiewicz C, Puszczewicz M, Bialkowska-Puszczewicz G (2015) Diagnostic value of the anti-Sa antibody compared with the anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody in rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Rheum Dis 18(1):46\u201351. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1756-185X.12544","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"4036_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R142-150","DOI":"10.1186\/ar1149","volume":"6","author":"ER Vossenaar","year":"2004","unstructured":"Vossenaar ER, Despres N, Lapointe E, van der Heijden A, Lora M, Senshu T, van Venrooij WJ, Menard HA (2004) Rheumatoid arthritis specific anti-Sa antibodies target citrullinated vimentin. Arthritis Res Ther 6(2):R142-150. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/ar1149","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"issue":"10","key":"4036_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2873","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30445","volume":"63","author":"O Snir","year":"2011","unstructured":"Snir O, Rieck M, Gebe JA, Yue BB, Rawlings CA, Nepom G, Malmstrom V, Buckner JH (2011) Identification and functional characterization of T cells reactive to citrullinated vimentin in HLA-DRB1*0401-positive humanized mice and rheumatoid arthritis patients. Arthritis Rheum 63(10):2873\u20132883. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.30445","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"12","key":"4036_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.480","volume":"41","author":"H Mahdi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mahdi H, Fisher BA, Kallberg H, Plant D, Malmstrom V, Ronnelid J, Charles P, Ding B, Alfredsson L, Padyukov L, Symmons DPM, Venables PJ, Klareskog L, Lundberg K (2009) Specific interaction between genotype, smoking and autoimmunity to citrullinated [alpha]-enolase in the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Genet 41(12):1319\u20131324","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"4036_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2009.00850.x","volume":"233","author":"N Wegner","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wegner N, Lundberg K, Kinloch A, Fisher B, Malmstr\u00f6m V, Feldmann M, Venables PJ (2010) Autoimmunity to specific citrullinated proteins gives the first clues to the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis. Immunol Rev 233(1):34\u201354","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"4036_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.138909","volume":"70","author":"BA Fisher","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fisher BA, Plant D, Brode M, van Vollenhoven RF, Mathsson L, Symmons D, Lundberg K, Ronnelid J, Venables PJ (2011) Antibodies to citrullinated alpha-enolase peptide 1 and clinical and radiological outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 70(6):1095\u20131098. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ard.2010.138909","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"4036_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R119","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2008","volume":"8","author":"C Dejaco","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dejaco C, Klotz W, Larcher H, Duftner C, Schirmer M, Herold M (2006) Diagnostic value of antibodies against a modified citrullinated vimentin in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 8(4):R119. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/ar2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"issue":"8","key":"4036_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2503","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22817","volume":"56","author":"H Bang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bang H, Egerer K, Gauliard A, Luthke K, Rudolph PE, Fredenhagen G, Berg W, Feist E, Burmester GR (2007) Mutation and citrullination modifies vimentin to a novel autoantigen for rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 56(8):2503\u20132511. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.22817","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"2","key":"4036_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.103283","volume":"69","author":"JJ Luime","year":"2010","unstructured":"Luime JJ, Colin EM, Hazes JMW, Lubberts E (2010) Does anti-mutated citrullinated vimentin have additional value as a serological marker in the diagnostic and prognostic investigation of patients with rheumatoid arthritis? A systematic review. Ann Rheum Dis 69(2):337\u2013344. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ard.2008.103283","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"4036_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/198198","author":"ML Diaz-Toscano","year":"2014","unstructured":"Diaz-Toscano ML, Olivas-Flores EM, Zavaleta-Muniz SA, Gamez-Nava JI, Cardona-Munoz EG, Ponce-Guarneros M, Castro-Contreras U, Nava A, Salazar-Paramo M, Celis A, Fajardo-Robledo NS, Corona-Sanchez EG, Gonzalez-Lopez L (2014) Comparison of two assays to determine anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis in relation to other chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases: assaying anti-modified citrullinated vimentin antibodies adds value to second-generation anti-citrullinated cyclic peptides testing. Biomed Res Int 2014, Article ID 198198. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/198198","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int 2014,"},{"issue":"2","key":"4036_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12677","volume":"182","author":"Z Reyes-Castillo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Reyes-Castillo Z, Palafox-Sanchez CA, Parra-Rojas I, Martinez-Bonilla GE, del Toro-Arreola S, Ramirez-Duenas MG, Ocampo-Bermudes G, Munoz-Valle JF (2015) Comparative analysis of autoantibodies targeting peptidylarginine deiminase type 4, mutated citrullinated vimentin and cyclic citrullinated peptides in rheumatoid arthritis: associations with cytokine profiles, clinical and genetic features. Clin Exp Immunol 182(2):119\u2013131. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cei.12677","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"}],"container-title":["Rheumatology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00296-018-4036-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00296-018-4036-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00296-018-4036-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,30]],"date-time":"2019-04-30T08:58:00Z","timestamp":1556614680000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00296-018-4036-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,30]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]}},"alternative-id":["4036"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-018-4036-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0172-8172","1437-160X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0172-8172"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1437-160X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 March 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 April 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 April 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"None of the authors have any conflict of interest to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were in accordance with ethical standard of the University of Witwatersrand (WITS) and Pretoria\u2019s (UP) ethical research committees and the Helsinki declaration of 1964 and its later amendments. Ethics certificate reference numbers: 09\/2017 (UP, issued 30\/01\/2017) and M150513 (WITS, issued 29\/09\/2015).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed and signed consent was obtained from each individual participant included in this study as per the institutions Ethics Boards requirement.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}