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The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), which assesses symptoms of depression, is valid in English in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). However, the measurement properties of the PHQ-8 (short version of the PHQ-9) have not been evaluated in Swedish patients with SSc.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To investigate different aspects of validity and reliability of the PHQ-8 in Swedish (PHQ-8 Swe) for individuals with SSc.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A total of 101 patients with SSc participated. Content validity was evaluated via interviews of 11 patients and 10 health professionals. Construct validity, internal consistency test\u2013retest reliability, and floor\/ceiling effects were evaluated in 90 patients.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Content validity was satisfactory, but some linguistic adjustments were made. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a better fit for a two-factor structure. Moderate-to-strong correlations were found between the PHQ-8 Swe and scleroderma HAQ including VAS (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20090.4\u20130.7); Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20090.7); RAND-36 subscales (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u20090.5 to \u2212\u20090.8); and lung disease severity (Medsger scores) (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20090.4). There were weak correlations (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u2009&lt;0.4) between the PHQ-8 Swe and modified Rodnan skin score; and vascular, heart, and kidney disease severity. Cronbach\u2019s alpha was 0.85, corrected item-to-total correlations were &gt;0.40, and the ICC for the total score was 0.83. No floor\/ceiling effects were found.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The PHQ-8 Swe has satisfactory content validity and sufficient reliability in patients with in majority limited SSc. It is more strongly associated with self-reported disability, pain, disease interferences with daily activities, fatigue, and quality of life than with disease severity, except for a moderate association with lung severity.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-020-04641-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,13]],"date-time":"2020-07-13T20:02:31Z","timestamp":1594670551000},"page":"1675-1687","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Validity and reliability of the Patient Health Questionnaire-8 in Swedish for individuals with systemic sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2715-7481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malin","family":"Mattsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8003-9367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gunnel","family":"Sandqvist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6794-2201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roger","family":"Hesselstrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1976-4679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annica","family":"Nordin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2506-687X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carina","family":"Bostr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"4641_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-017-8926-y","volume":"65","author":"M Furue","year":"2017","unstructured":"Furue M, Mitoma C, Mitoma H, Tsuji G, Chiba T, Nakahara T et al (2017) Pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis-current concept and emerging treatments. 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All patients had access to a social worker at the clinic. In the case of severe symptoms of depression, they could be referred to either a psychologist, psychiatrist, or a general practitioner.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}