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Furthermore, the influence of other patient-related covariates on the occurrence of infections was investigated. Patients diagnosed with JIA and treated with biologics were selected from the German BIKER registry. Incidence rates (IR) of infections per 100 person years were calculated and compared between the different cohorts. Using multivariate logistic regression, odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were determined for the influence of patient-related covariates (age, diagnosis, laboratory data, concomitant medication, JIA activity, comorbidities, and premedication) on the occurrence of infections. 3258 patients entered the analysis. A total of 3654 treatment episodes were distributed among TNF\u03b1- (Etanercept, Adalimumab, Golimumab, Infliximab,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20093044), IL-1- (Anakinra, Canakinumab,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009105), IL-6- (Tocilizumab,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009400) and T-cell activation inhibitors (Abatacept,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009105). 813 (22.2%) patients had at least one infection, 103 (2.8%) patients suffered from an SAE infection. Both common and SAE infections were significantly more frequent in IL-1 (IR 17.3, 95% CI 12.5\/24 and IR 4.3, 95% CI 2.3\/8.3) and IL-6 cohort (IR 16.7, 95% CI 13.9\/20 and IR 2.8, 95% CI 1.8\/4.4) compared to TNF\u03b1-inhibitor cohort (IR 8.7, 95% CI 8.1\/9.4 and IR 1, 95% CI 0.8\/1.3). When comparing the influencing factors for various infectious diseases, the use of corticosteroids, younger age, cardiac comorbidities and higher JIA-activity are the most striking risk factors. Relative to TNF\u03b1 inhibitors and Abatacept, IL-1 and IL-6 inhibitors were associated with an increased risk of common and SAE infections. The influencing covariates identified may be helpful for the choice of a suitable biologic to treat JIA.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-020-04774-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]],"date-time":"2021-02-18T19:14:20Z","timestamp":1613675660000},"page":"751-762","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Comparative risk of infections among real-world users of biologics for juvenile idiopathic arthritis: data from the German BIKER registry"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6689-8827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franz","family":"Thiele","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9771-8710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ariane","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3156-5103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Windschall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5656-9165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anton","family":"Hospach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0659-5298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan","family":"Foeldvari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2775-0111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kirsten","family":"Minden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4770-1256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank","family":"Weller-Heinemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5491-7832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerd","family":"Horneff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"4774_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-013-0327-1","volume":"15","author":"A Hurd","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hurd A, Beukelman T (2013) Infectious complications in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. 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Ariane Klein: Dr. Klein has nothing to disclose. Daniel Windschall: Dr. Windschall reports grants and personal fees from AbbVie, grants and personal fees from Novartis, grants and personal fees from Pfizer, grants and personal fees from Roche, outside the submitted work. Anton Hospach: Dr. Hospach reports personal fees from Novartis, personal fees from SOBI, personal fees from Sanofi, personal fees from Chugai, personal fees from AbbVie, personal fees from Roche, during the conduct of the study. Ivan Foeldvari: Dr. Foeldvari reports personal fees from Novartis, personal fees from Pfizer, personal fees from Sanofi, personal fees from Abbvie, personal fees from Lilly, personal fees from Chugai, personal fees from Amgen, personal fees from Gilead, outside the submitted work. Kirsten Minden: Dr. Minden reports personal fees from Pfizer, Abbvie, Roche, GSK, Medac, Sanofi, Biermann, grants from Deutsche Rheumastiftung, outside the submitted work. Frank\u2013Weller\u2013Heinemann: Dr. Weller-Heinemann reports personal fees from PFIZER, personal fees from NOVARTIS, personal fees from ABBVIE, personal fees from CHUGAI, personal fees from ROCHE, during the conduct of the study. Gerd Horneff: Dr. Horneff reports grants and personal fees from Pfizer, grants and personal fees from Roche, grants and personal fees from MSD, personal fees from Sobi, personal fees from GSK, personal fees from Sanofi, grants and personal fees from AbbVie, grants and personal fees from Chugai, personal fees from Bayer, grants and personal fees from Novartis, outside the submitted work.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The German BIKER registry was approved by the ethics committee of the physician board Aerztekammer Nordrhein, Duesseldorf (reference number 2\/2015\/7441). The procedures used in this study adhere to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Written consent was obtained from patients and parents and repeated if patient became adult. Only pseudonymized data were collected.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"No part of this study has been published or is under consideration for publication elsewhere.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}]}}