{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T10:19:25Z","timestamp":1790849965295,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,14]],"date-time":"2021-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,14]],"date-time":"2021-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rheumatol Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-021-04916-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,14]],"date-time":"2021-06-14T08:03:01Z","timestamp":1623657781000},"page":"1053-1062","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Machine learning reveals the most important psychological and social variables predicting the differential diagnosis of rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8297-6933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Germano","family":"Vera Cruz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0667-1775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilie","family":"Bucourt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8005-023X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"R\u00e9veill\u00e8re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginie","family":"Martaill\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Joncker-Vannier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8605-1567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippe","family":"Goupille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4089-7513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denis","family":"Mulleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3557-5264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Courtois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"4916_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2021). Chronic rheumatic conditions. Geneva: WHO. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/chp\/topics\/rheumatic\/en\/. Accessed 10 Feb 2021"},{"key":"4916_CR2","unstructured":"American College of Rheumatology (2021). Diseases and conditions. Washington DC: ACR. Available from: https:\/\/www.rheumatology.org\/I-Am-A\/Patient-Caregiver\/Diseases-Conditions. Accessed 11 Feb 2021"},{"issue":"1","key":"4916_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2018.20.1\/whauser","volume":"20","author":"W Hauser","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hauser W, Fitzcharles M (2018) Facts and myths pertaining to fibromyalgia. Dialogues Clin Neurosci 20(1):53\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31887\/DCNS.2018.20.1\/whauser","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"4916_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-996-0010-6","volume":"8","author":"FF Inanici","year":"2004","unstructured":"Inanici FF, Yunus MB (2004) History of fibromyalgia: past to present. Curr Pain Headache Rep 8:369\u2013378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11916-996-0010-6","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"4916_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780330203","volume":"33","author":"F Wolfe","year":"1990","unstructured":"Wolfe F, Smythe HA, Yunus MB, Bennett RM et al (1990) The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of fibromyalgia. Arthritis Rheumatol 33(2):160\u2013172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.1780330203","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"4916_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2008.06.002","volume":"76","author":"B Bannwarth","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bannwarth B, Blotman F, Rou\u00e9-Le Lay K et al (2009) Fibromyalgia syndrome in the general population of France: a prevalence study. Joint Bone Spine 76:184\u2013187. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbspin.2008.06.002","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"issue":"4","key":"4916_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2012.10.007","volume":"74","author":"C Spitzer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Spitzer C, Wegert S, Wollenhaupt J, Wingenfeld K et al (2013) Gender-specific association between childhood trauma and rheumatoid arthritis: a case-control study. J Psychosom Res 74(4):296\u2013300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2012.10.007","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"4916_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-199711000-00003","volume":"59","author":"EA Walker","year":"1997","unstructured":"Walker EA, Keegan D, Gardner G, Sullivan M et al (1997) Psychosocial factors in fibromyalgia compared with rheumatoid arthritis: II. Sexual, physical, and emotional abuse and neglect. Psychosom Med 59(6):572\u2013577. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00006842-199711000-00003","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"4916_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2017.06.011","volume":"99","author":"A Varinen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Varinen A, Kosunen E, Mattila K, Koskela T et al (2017) The relationship between childhood adversities and fibromyalgia in the general population. J Psychosom Res 99:137\u2013142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2017.06.011","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"4916_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1097\/CORR.0000000000000519","volume":"477","author":"JSE Ottenhoff","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ottenhoff JSE, Kortlever JTP, Boersma EZ, Laverty DC et al (2019) Adverse childhood experiences are not associated with patient-reported outcome measures in patients with musculoskeletal illness. Clin Orthop Relat Res 477(1):219\u2013228. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CORR.0000000000000519","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"4916_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1080\/13548506.2014.931590","volume":"20","author":"B Gonzalez","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gonzalez B, Baptista TM, Branco JC et al (2015) Fibromyalgia characterization in a psychosocial approach. Psychol Health Med 20:363\u2013368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13548506.2014.931590","journal-title":"Psychol Health Med"},{"key":"4916_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1300\/J094v01n03_26","volume":"1","author":"V Johannsonn","year":"1993","unstructured":"Johannsonn V (1993) Does a fibromyalgia personality exist? J Musculoskelet Pain 1:245\u2013252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1300\/J094v01n03_26","journal-title":"J Musculoskelet Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"4916_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-018-4316-7","volume":"38","author":"A Seto","year":"2019","unstructured":"Seto A, Han X, Price LL, Harvey WF et al (2019) The role of personality in patients with fibromyalgia. J Clin Rheumatol 38(1):149\u2013157. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10067-018-4316-7","journal-title":"J Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"4916_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.3109\/14397595.2013.868069","volume":"24","author":"M Vural","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vural M, Berkol TD, Erdogdu Z et al (2014) Evaluation of personality profile in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome and healthy controls. Mod Rheumatol 24:823\u2013828. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/14397595.2013.868069","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol"},{"key":"4916_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2016.03.006","volume":"84","author":"E Bucourt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bucourt E, Martaill\u00e9 V, Mullemanb D, Goupille P et al (2017) Comparison of the Big Five personality traits in fibromyalgia and other rheumatic diseases. Joint Bone Spine 84:203\u2013207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbspin.2016.03.006","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"key":"4916_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3957","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-011-2324-x","volume":"32","author":"A Gencay-Can","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gencay-Can A, Can S (2012) Temperament and character profile of patients with fibromyalgia. Rheumatol Int 32:3957. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-011-2324-x","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"9","key":"4916_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.12473","volume":"19","author":"A Garcia-Fontanals","year":"2014","unstructured":"Garcia-Fontanals A, Garc\u00eda-Blanco S, Portell M et al (2014) Cloninger\u2019s psychobiological model of personality and psychological distress in fibromyalgia. Int J Rheum Dis 19(9):852\u2013863. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1756-185X.12473","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"},{"key":"4916_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08964302014003004","author":"TA Cronan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cronan TA, Serber ER, Walen H, Jaffe M (2002) The influence of age on fibromyalgia symptoms. J Aging Health. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08964302014003004","journal-title":"J Aging Health"},{"key":"4916_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/861812","volume":"2014","author":"K Lu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lu K, Wang H-K, Yen C-C, Huang CY et al (2014) Association between autoimmune rheumatic diseases and the risk of dementia. Biomed Res Int 2014:861812. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/861812","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"4916_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcreu.2014.09.002","volume":"21","author":"CA L\u00f3pez-Castillo","year":"2014","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Castillo CA, Calder\u00f3n-Rojas R, Amaya-Amayab J, DeSanVicente-C\u00e9lis Z et al (2014) Impact of educational level on rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review. Revista Colombiana de Reumatolog\u00eda 21(4):201\u2013212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rcreu.2014.09.002","journal-title":"Revista Colombiana de Reumatolog\u00eda"},{"issue":"1","key":"4916_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20793","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-77841-1","volume":"10","author":"Y Eun","year":"2020","unstructured":"Eun Y, Jeon KH, Han K, Kim D et al (2020) Menopausal factors and risk of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis in postmenopausal women: a nationwide cohort study of 136 million women. Sci Rep 10(1):20793. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-77841-1","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"4916_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/s12551-018-0449-9","volume":"11","author":"JA Nichols","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nichols JA, Chan HWH, Baker MAB (2019) Machine learning: applications of artificial intelligence to imaging and diagnosis. Biophys Rev 11(1):111\u2013118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12551-018-0449-9","journal-title":"Biophys Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"4916_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.03.034","volume":"150","author":"S Perrot","year":"2010","unstructured":"Perrot S, Bouhassira D, Fermanian J (2010) Development and validation of the fibromyalgia rapid screening tool (FiRST). Pain 150(2):250\u2013256. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pain.2010.03.034","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"4916_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780310302","volume":"31","author":"FC Arnett","year":"1998","unstructured":"Arnett FC, Edworthy SM, Bloch DA et al (1998) The American Rheumatism Association 1987 revised criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 31(3):315\u2013324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.1780310302","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4916_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.108217","volume":"68","author":"M Rudwaleit","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rudwaleit M, Landewe R, van der Heijde D et al (2009) The development of Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society Classification criteria for axial SpondyloArthritis (part I): classification of paper patients by expert opinion including uncertainty appraisal. Ann Rheum Dis 68(6):770\u2013776. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ard.2009.108217","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"4916_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.61.6.554","volume":"61","author":"C Vitali","year":"2002","unstructured":"Vitali C, Bombardieri S, Jonsson R et al (2002) Classification criteria for Sjogren\u2019s syndrome: a revised version of the European criteria proposed by the American-European Consensus Group. Ann Rheum Dis 61(6):554\u2013558. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ard.61.6.554","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"4916_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amp.2009.09.003","volume":"168","author":"O Plaisant","year":"2010","unstructured":"Plaisant O, Courtois R, R\u00e9veill\u00e8re C et al (2010) Validation par analyse factorielle du Big Five Inventory franc\u00b8 ais (BFI-Fr). Analyse convergente avec le NEO-PI-R. Ann Med Psychol 168:97\u2013106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amp.2009.09.003","journal-title":"Ann Med Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4916_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1017\/S0924933800002455","volume":"7","author":"PD Pariente","year":"1992","unstructured":"Pariente PD, Challita H, Mesbah M, Guelfi JD (1992) The GHQ-28 questionnaire in French: a validation survey in a panel of 158 general psychiatric patients. Eur Psychiatry 7(1):15\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0924933800002455","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"4916_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1989.00520460115022","volume":"46","author":"LB Krupp","year":"1989","unstructured":"Krupp LB, LaRocca NG, Muir-Nash J, Steinberg AD (1989) The fatigue severity scale. Arch Neurol 46:1121\u20131123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archneur.1989.00520460115022","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"13","key":"4916_CR30","first-page":"2441","volume":"19","author":"M Ferreri","year":"1987","unstructured":"Ferreri M, Vacher J, Tawil S, Alby JM (1987) Facteurs \u00e9v\u00e9nementiels et d\u00e9pression\u202f: le questionnaire EVE, une nouvelle approche de m\u00e9thodologie pr\u00e9dictive. Psychologie m\u00e9dicale 19(13):2441\u20132448","journal-title":"Psychologie m\u00e9dicale"},{"key":"4916_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010933404324","volume":"45","author":"L Breiman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Breiman L (2001) Random forests. Mach Learn 45:5\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/A:1010933404324","journal-title":"Mach Learn"},{"issue":"2","key":"4916_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291720004547","volume":"51","author":"N Kaleycheva","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kaleycheva N, Cullen A, Evans R, Harris T, Nicholson T, Chalder T (2021) The role of lifetime stressors in adult fibromyalgia: systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies. Psychol Med 51(2):177\u2013193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0033291720004547","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"4916_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2010.01.001","volume":"33","author":"LM Arnold","year":"2010","unstructured":"Arnold LM (2010) The pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of fibromyalgia. Psychiatr Clin 33(2):375\u2013408. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psc.2010.01.001","journal-title":"Psychiatr Clin"},{"issue":"1","key":"4916_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.126","volume":"26","author":"BW Smith","year":"2010","unstructured":"Smith BW, Papp ZZ, Tooley EM, Montague EQ, Robinson AE, Cosper CJ (2010) Traumatic events, perceived stress and health in women with fibromyalgia and healthy controls. Stress Health 26(1):83\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smi.126","journal-title":"Stress Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"4916_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.5457\/p2005-114.58","volume":"9","author":"SJ Tuscic","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tuscic SJ, Flander GB, Mate\u0161kovi\u0107 D (2013) The consequences of childhood abuse. Paediatr Today 9(1):24\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5457\/p2005-114.58","journal-title":"Paediatr Today"},{"key":"4916_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2017.04.026","volume":"116","author":"R Novo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Novo R, Gonzalez B, Peres R, Aguiar P (2017) A meta-analysis of studies with the Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory in fibromyalgia patients. Personality Individ Differ 116:96\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2017.04.026","journal-title":"Personality Individ Differ"},{"issue":"6","key":"4916_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2013.07.014","volume":"35","author":"X Torres","year":"2013","unstructured":"Torres X, Bailles E, Valdes M, Gutierrez F, Peri J-M, Arias A, Gomez E, Collado A (2013) Personality does not distinguish people with fibromyalgia but identifies subgroups of patients. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 35(6):640\u2013648. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2013.07.014","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Rheumatology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00296-021-04916-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00296-021-04916-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00296-021-04916-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,22]],"date-time":"2022-05-22T03:02:27Z","timestamp":1653188547000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00296-021-04916-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,14]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["4916"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-021-04916-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1437-160X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1437-160X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 May 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 June 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 June 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All authors are full-time employees at their indicated affiliation institutions, which are public universities and hospitals. None of the authors received fees, bonuses or other benefits for the work described in the manuscript.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Ethical clearance was obtained from the ethical committee of the University of Tours. All participants provided written informed consent for data collection and publication prior to data collection. The authors assert that all procedures contributing to this work comply with the ethical standards of the relevant national and institutional committees on human experimentation and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2008.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}