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Several reports have shown suboptimal serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels in people with different inflammatory and autoimmune rheumatic conditions, and an association between 25(OH)D levels, disease activity and outcomes. Although most available data pertain to adults, insights often are extended to children. Juvenile rheumatic diseases (JRDs) are a significant health problem during growth because of their complex pathogenesis, chronic nature, multisystemic involvement, and long-term consequences. So far, there is no definitive or clear evidence to confirm the preventive or therapeutic effect of vitamin D supplementation in JRDs, because results from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have produced inconsistent outcomes. This review aims to explore and discuss the potential role of vitamin D in treating selected JRDs. Medline\/PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus were comprehensively searched in June 2023 for any study on vitamin D supplementary role in treating the most common JRDs. We used the following keywords: \u201cvitamin D\u201d combined with the terms \u201cjuvenile idiopathic arthritis\u201d, \u201cjuvenile systemic scleroderma\u201d, \u201cjuvenile systemic lupus erythematosus\u201d, \u201cjuvenile inflammatory myopathies\u201d, \u201cBehcet disease\u201d, \u201cperiodic fever syndromes\u201d and \u201cjuvenile rheumatic diseases\u201d. Observational studies have found that serum 25(OH)D concentrations are lower in juvenile idiopathic arthritis, juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus, juvenile systemic scleroderma, Behcet disease and proinflammatory cytokine concentrations are higher. This suggests that vitamin D supplementation might be beneficial, however, current data are insufficient to confirm definitively the complementary role of vitamin D in the treatment of JRDs. Considering the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency worldwide, children and adolescents should be encouraged to supplement vitamin D according to current recommendations. More interventional studies, especially well-designed RCTs, assessing the dose\u2013response effect and adjuvant effect in specific diseases, are needed to determine the potential significance of vitamin D in JRDs treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-023-05411-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,11]],"date-time":"2023-08-11T09:02:41Z","timestamp":1691744561000},"page":"1993-2009","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Can vitamin D be an adjuvant therapy for juvenile rheumatic diseases?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4267-1887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej K.","family":"Stawicki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6150-0971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Abramowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2242-603X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela","family":"Sokolowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8305-1852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Wo\u0142ejszo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1439-3285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William B.","family":"Grant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1230-332X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jerzy","family":"Konstantynowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"5411_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2062","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI29449","volume":"116","author":"MF Holick","year":"2006","unstructured":"Holick MF (2006) Resurrection of vitamin D deficiency and rickets. 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