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Nonetheless, neutropenia is a risk factor for infections, especially those caused by bacteria or fungi. We aimed to evaluate the impact of neutropenia in SLE through a systematic investigation of all infections in a large cohort of well-characterized patients, focusing on neutropenia, lymphopenia, and hypocomplementemia. Longitudinal clinical and laboratory parameters obtained at visits to the Rheumatology Unit, Link\u00f6ping University Hospital, and linked data on all forms of healthcare utilization for all the subjects included in our regional SLE register during 2008\u20132022 were assessed. Data regarding confirmed infections were retrieved from the medical records. Overall, 333 patients were included and monitored during 3,088 visits to a rheumatologist during the study period. In total, 918 infections were identified, and 94 occasions of neutropenia (ANC\u2009&lt;\u20091.5\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/L) were detected in 40 subjects (12%). Thirty neutropenic episodes in 15 patients occurred in association with infections, of which 13 (43%) required in-hospital care, 4 (13%) needed intensive care, and 1 (3%) resulted in death. Bayesian analysis showed that patients with\u2009\u2265\u20091 occasion of neutropenia were more likely to experience one or more infections (OR\u2009=\u20092.05; probability of association [POA]\u2009=\u200996%). Both invasiveness (OR\u2009=\u20097.08; POA\u2009=\u200998%) and severity (OR\u2009=\u20092.85; POA\u2009=\u200996%) of the infections were significantly associated with the present neutropenia. Infections are common among Swedish SLE patients, 12% of whom show neutropenia over time. Importantly, neutropenia is linked to both the invasiveness and severity of infections. Awareness of the risks of severe infections in neutropenic patients is crucial to tailor therapies to prevent severe illness and death.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-024-05566-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]],"date-time":"2024-03-19T02:51:21Z","timestamp":1710816681000},"page":"839-849","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The prevalence of neutropenia and association with infections in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a Swedish single-center study conducted over 14\u00a0years"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4836-6373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muna","family":"Saleh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5622-866X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johanna","family":"Sj\u00f6wall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8678-1164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcus","family":"Bendtsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0900-2048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher","family":"Sj\u00f6wall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"5566_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16039","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.39","volume":"2","author":"A Kaul","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kaul A, Gordon C, Crow MK, Touma Z, Urowitz MB, van Vollenhoven R, Ruiz-Irastorza G, Hughes G (2016) Systemic lupus erythematosus. 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