{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T03:02:16Z","timestamp":1789527736581,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715558400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715558400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rheumatol Int"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-024-05604-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T15:02:10Z","timestamp":1715612530000},"page":"2245-2251","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Temporal arteritis presenting as third nerve palsy - a case report and review of literature"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4393-4474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akhila","family":"Arya PV","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5029-0119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krishnasai Abhishek","family":"Madathanapalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4715-6542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felipe Carrasco","family":"Tenezaca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6951-8081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"5604_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1759720X2211499","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720x221149963","volume":"15","author":"LC Burg","year":"2023","unstructured":"Burg LC, Karakostas P, Behning C, Brossart P, Kermani TA, Sch\u00e4fer VS (2023) Prevalence and characteristics of giant cell arteritis in patients with newly diagnosed polymyalgia rheumatica \u2013 a prospective cohort study. Therapeutic Adv Musculoskelet Disease 15:1759720X2211499. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1759720x221149963","journal-title":"Therapeutic Adv Musculoskelet Disease"},{"issue":"6","key":"5604_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(88)80031-7","volume":"85","author":"MF Mehler","year":"1988","unstructured":"Mehler MF, Rabinowich L (1988) The clinical neuro-ophthalmologic spectrum of temporal arteritis. Am J Med 85(6):839\u2013844. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0002-9343(88)80031-7","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"5604_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1766","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.62.11.1766","volume":"62","author":"C Lazaridis","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lazaridis C, Torabi A, Cannon S (2005) Bilateral third nerve palsy and temporal arteritis. Arch Neurol 62(11):1766. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archneur.62.11.1766","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"5604_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li KJ, Semenov D, Turk M, Pope J (2021) A meta-analysis of the epidemiology of giant cell arteritis across time and space. Arthritis Res Therapy 23(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13075-021-02450-w","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-021-02450-w"},{"issue":"7","key":"5604_CR5","first-page":"169","volume":"50","author":"F Vaccari","year":"1959","unstructured":"Vaccari F, Baldini E (1959) [A case of temporal arthritis: Horton-Magath-Brown syndrome]. Minerva Med 50(7):169\u2013174","journal-title":"Minerva Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"5604_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-014-3126-8","volume":"35","author":"C Fytili","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fytili C, Bournia VK, Korkou C, Pentazos G, Kokkinos A (2015) Multiple cranial nerve palsies in giant cell arteritis and response to cyclophosphamide: a case report and review of the literature. Rheumatol Int 35(4):773\u2013776. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-014-3126-8","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"5604_CR7","first-page":"329","volume":"59","author":"SP Meadows","year":"1966","unstructured":"Meadows SP (1966) Temporal or giant cell arteritis. Proc R Soc Med 59(4):329\u2013334","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"5604_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22359","volume":"55","author":"C Salvarani","year":"2006","unstructured":"Salvarani C, Giannini C, Miller DV, Hunder G (2006) Giant cell arteritis: involvement of intracranial arteries. Arthritis Care Res 55(6):985\u2013989. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.22359","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"5604_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1700630405","volume":"63","author":"BS Cardell","year":"1951","unstructured":"Cardell BS, Hanley T (1951) A fatal case of giant-cell or temporal arteritis. J Pathol Bacteriol 63(4):587\u2013597. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/path.1700630405","journal-title":"J Pathol Bacteriol"},{"key":"5604_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1972.tb15615.x","volume":"533","author":"G Ostberg","year":"1972","unstructured":"Ostberg G (1972) Morphological changes in the large arteries in polymyalgia arteritica. Acta Med Scand Suppl 533:135\u2013159","journal-title":"Acta Med Scand Suppl"},{"issue":"3","key":"5604_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0000000000000116","volume":"34","author":"MJ Thurtell","year":"2014","unstructured":"Thurtell MJ, Longmuir RA (2014) Third nerve palsy as the initial manifestation of giant cell arteritis. J Neuroophthalmol 34(3):243\u2013245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/WNO.0000000000000116","journal-title":"J Neuroophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5604_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmed.2019-0504","volume":"20","author":"B Walters","year":"2020","unstructured":"Walters B, Lazic D, Ahmed A, Yiin G (2020) Lessons of the month 4: giant cell arteritis with normal inflammatory markers and isolated oculomotor nerve palsy. Clin Med (Lond) 20(2):224\u2013226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7861\/clinmed.2019-0504","journal-title":"Clin Med (Lond)"},{"issue":"7","key":"5604_CR13","first-page":"383","volume":"67","author":"AMN Day","year":"2006","unstructured":"Day AMN (2006) Giant cell arteritis presenting as painful third nerve palsy. Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 67(7):383","journal-title":"Br J Hosp Med (Lond)"},{"issue":"11","key":"5604_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.4067\/s0034-98872018001101356","volume":"146","author":"DCA Adolfo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Adolfo DCA, Francisca MS, Roberto MZ, Luis CR (2018) Arteritis De c\u00e9lulas gigantes en El Sistema Vertebrobasilar, isquemias cerebelo-occipitales y par\u00e1lisis III par. Caso cl\u00ednico. Revista m\u00e9dica De Chile 146(11):1356\u20131360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4067\/s0034-98872018001101356","journal-title":"Revista m\u00e9dica De Chile"},{"key":"5604_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Asensio-S\u00e1nchez VM, Morales-G\u00f3mez I, Rodr\u00edguez-Vaca I (2009) Par\u00e1lisis Del tercer par craneal como \u00fanica manifestaci\u00f3n de arteritis de la temporal oculta. Arch De La Sociedad Espa\u00f1ola De Oftalmolog\u00eda 84(8). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4321\/s0365-66912009000800005","DOI":"10.4321\/s0365-66912009000800005"},{"issue":"6","key":"5604_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4011","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-022-05993-1","volume":"43","author":"A Miscioscia","year":"2022","unstructured":"Miscioscia A, Decet P, Angelini A, Cecchin D, Cagnin A (2022) Complex oculomotor nerves palsy and incidental ischemic stroke as atypical presentation of giant cell arteritis. Neurol Sci 43(6):4011\u20134013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10072-022-05993-1","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"5604_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0b013e31815c441e","volume":"27","author":"C Oncel","year":"2007","unstructured":"Oncel C, Bir F, Bir LS (2007) Simultaneous ischemic optic neuropathy and third cranial nerve palsy in giant cell arteritis. J Neuroophthalmol 27(4):315\u2013316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/WNO.0b013e31815c441e","journal-title":"J Neuroophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5604_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1080\/03009740410006178","volume":"33","author":"L Loffredo","year":"2004","unstructured":"Loffredo L, Parrotto S, Violi F (2004) Giant cell arteritis, oculomotor nerve palsy, and acute hearing loss. Scand J Rheumatol 33(4):279\u2013280. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03009740410006178","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5604_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2017.10.031","volume":"53","author":"S Maghera","year":"2018","unstructured":"Maghera S, Albreiki D (2018) A case of Hickam\u2019s dictum in a presenting third nerve palsy. Can J Ophthalmol 53(4):e140\u2013e142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcjo.2017.10.031","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"14","key":"5604_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2333","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.6521-20","volume":"60","author":"D Hiraoka","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hiraoka D, Ishizaki J, Horie K, Matsumoto T, Suemori K, Takenaka K, Hasegawa H (2021) Giant cell arteritis presenting with ptosis and Diplopia. Intern Med 60(14):2333\u20132336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2169\/internalmedicine.6521-20","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"5604_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2015.03.013","volume":"44","author":"N Gaudre","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gaudre N, Michaud M, Soler V, Lozano S, Gaudin C, Balardy L (2015) Giant cell arteritis: a reversible cause of oculomotor nerve palsy. Presse Med 44(7\u20138):859\u2013860. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lpm.2015.03.013","journal-title":"Presse Med"},{"key":"5604_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Martis A, Hassan RS, Alburquerque AG, Kotte M, Martis A, Ahmed H (2020) An interesting case of temporal arteritis that manifested as ptosis and diplopia. Oxf Med Case Rep 2020(11). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/omcr\/omaa099","DOI":"10.1093\/omcr\/omaa099"},{"issue":"4","key":"5604_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.3109\/03009749709105324","volume":"26","author":"J Bondeson","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bondeson J, \u00c5sman P (1997) Giant cell arteritis presenting with Oculomotor nerve Palsy. Scand J Rheumatol 26(4):327\u2013328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/03009749709105324","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"key":"5604_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2016-214633","author":"WL Ng","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ng WL, McManus J, Devlin JA, Fraser A (2016) Unmasking the elusive giant: an unusual case presenting as third nerve palsy in a patient with scleroderma. BMJ Case Rep. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2016-214633. 2016:101136\/bcr-2016-214633","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"5604_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.3109\/09273948.2012.747620","volume":"21","author":"N \u00d6rnek","year":"2013","unstructured":"\u00d6rnek N, Da\u011f E, B\u00fcy\u00fcktortop N, O\u011furel R, \u00d6rnek K (2013) Bilateral recurrent Optic Neuropathy with Unilateral Oculomotor nerve Palsy in Giant Cell Arteritis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 21(2):158\u2013159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/09273948.2012.747620","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"issue":"4","key":"5604_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0000000000000529","volume":"37","author":"M Ross","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ross M, Bursztyn L, Superstein R, Gans M (2017) Multiple cranial nerve palsies in Giant Cell Arteritis. J Neuroophthalmol 37(4):398\u2013400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/WNO.0000000000000529","journal-title":"J Neuroophthalmol"},{"issue":"822","key":"5604_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.70.822.298","volume":"70","author":"GE Davies","year":"1994","unstructured":"Davies GE, Shakir RA (1994) Giant cell arteritis presenting as oculomotor nerve palsy with pupillary dilatation. Postgrad Med J 70(822):298\u2013299. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/pgmj.70.822.298","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"issue":"4","key":"5604_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1097\/01.rhu.0000173621.55149.d6","volume":"11","author":"P Polak","year":"2005","unstructured":"Polak P, Pokorny V, Stvrtina S, Tauchmannova H, Malis F, Rovensky J (2005) Temporal arteritis presenting with paresis of the oculomotor nerve, and polymyalgia rheumatica, despite a low erythrocyte sedimentation rate. J Clin Rheumatol 11(4):242\u2013244. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.rhu.0000173621.55149.d6","journal-title":"J Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"5604_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6702294","volume":"20","author":"DRS Anijeet","year":"2006","unstructured":"Anijeet DRS, Graham C, Khooshabeh R (2006) Giant cell arteritis\u2014part of a spectrum of autoimmune disease? Eye 20(12):1434\u20131435. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.eye.6702294","journal-title":"Eye"},{"issue":"4","key":"5604_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.itjm.2011.12.001","volume":"6","author":"P Bravi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bravi P, Tolaini P (2012) Ptosi palpebrale con diplopia da paralisi del terzo nervo cranico e tumefazione orbitaria: manifestazioni inusuali in Un caso di arterite a cellule giganti associata a polimialgia reumatica. Italian J Med 6(4):343\u2013346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.itjm.2011.12.001","journal-title":"Italian J Med"},{"key":"5604_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0000000000001912","author":"T Chazal","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chazal T, Clavel G, Leturcq T, Philibert M, Lecler A, Vignal-Clermont C (2023) Characteristics and prognosis of Binocular Diplopia in patients with Giant Cell Arteritis. J Neuroophthalmol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/WNO.0000000000001912","journal-title":"J Neuroophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5604_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.110317","volume":"39","author":"YC Lee","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lee YC, Padera RF, Noss EH, Fossel AH, Bienfang D, Liang MH, Docken WP (2012) Clinical course and management of a consecutive series of patients with healed temporal arteritis. J Rhuematol 39(2):295\u2013302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3899\/jrheum.110317","journal-title":"J Rhuematol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5604_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1080\/01658107.2023.2175874","volume":"47","author":"E Sun","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sun E, Li X, Gruener AM, Chang JR, Eberhart CG, Henderson AD, Carey AR (2023) Presenting features of giant cell arteritis with active Versus healed Arteritis on Biopsy. Neuroophthalmology 47(3):129\u2013135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01658107.2023.2175874","journal-title":"Neuroophthalmology"},{"issue":"10031","key":"5604_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00560-2","volume":"387","author":"PM Villiger","year":"2016","unstructured":"Villiger PM, Adler S, Kuchen S, Wermelinger F, Dan D, Fiege V, Butikofer L, Seitz M, Reichenbach S (2016) Tocilizumab for induction and maintenance of remission in giant cell arteritis: a phase 2, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 387(10031):1921\u20131927. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00560-2","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"5604_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa1613849","volume":"377","author":"JH Stone","year":"2017","unstructured":"Stone JH, Tuckwell K, Dimonaco S, Klearman M, Aringer M, Blockmans D, Brouwer E, Cid MC, Dasgupta B, Rech J, Salvarani C, Schett G, Schulze-Koops H, Spiera R, Unizony SH, Collinson N (2017) Trial of Tocilizumab in Giant-Cell Arteritis. N Engl J Med 377(4):317\u2013328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejmoa1613849","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"5604_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2127","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59122127","volume":"59","author":"K Yoshimoto","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yoshimoto K, Kaneda S, Asada M, Taguchi H, Kawashima H, Yoneima R, Matsuoka H, Tsushima E, Ono S, Matsubara M, Yada N, Nishio K (2023) Giant cell arteritis after COVID-19 vaccination with Long-Term Follow-Up: a Case Report and Review of the literature. Medicina 59(12):2127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina59122127","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"issue":"22","key":"5604_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e33948","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000033948","volume":"102","author":"H Wakabayashi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wakabayashi H, Iwayanagi M, Sakai D, Sugiura Y, Hiruta N, Matsuzawa Y, Kaneko K (2023) Development of giant cell arteritis after vaccination against SARS-CoV2: a case report and literature review. Med (Baltim) 102(22):e33948. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000033948","journal-title":"Med (Baltim)"},{"issue":"2","key":"5604_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203311430222","volume":"21","author":"A Soriano","year":"2012","unstructured":"Soriano A, Verrecchia E, Marinaro A, Giovinale M, Fonnesu C, Landolfi R, Manna R (2012) Giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica after influenza vaccination: report of 10 cases and review of the literature. Lupus 21(2):153\u2013157. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0961203311430222","journal-title":"Lupus"}],"container-title":["Rheumatology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00296-024-05604-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00296-024-05604-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00296-024-05604-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]],"date-time":"2024-09-13T02:03:42Z","timestamp":1726193022000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00296-024-05604-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["5604"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-024-05604-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1437-160X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1437-160X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 February 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 April 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 May 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that might influence the data reported in this paper.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}