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It is often misdiagnosed due to its benign nature and the absence of systemic symptoms. Herein, we present a case report of a 40-year-old woman who initially presented with painless nodules in the left temporal area. Following a biopsy, the patient developed additional nodules not only in the same temple but also on the contralateral side. Remarkably, these nodules underwent spontaneous regression without further treatment, highlighting the variability in JTA\u2019s course and distinctive response to intervention. In addition, through a systematic literature review of 43 case reports \u2013 17 with bilateral involvement \u2013 we aimed to thoroughly understand the clinical and histopathological findings, diagnostic processes, and treatment responses in JTA, with an emphasis on cases with bilateral involvement. Findings indicate that JTA typically presents as painless or painful temporal nodules, rarely accompanied by other non-specific symptoms, making histopathological examination crucial for accurate diagnosis. Collectively, our work provides the most extensive account of bilateral JTA cases to date. It emphasizes the need for clinical awareness of this condition, contributes valuable data to the limited information available on this rare condition and serves as a stepping-stone for further inquiry. The main takeaway from this review is the variable nature of JTA and the importance of histopathology in diagnosis, which helps clinicians avoid excessive testing and overtreatment and anticipate possible spontaneous resolution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-024-05624-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,24]],"date-time":"2024-08-24T10:04:59Z","timestamp":1724493899000},"page":"2253-2261","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bilateral juvenile temporal arteritis: a case-based review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9726-4149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana","family":"Marques-Soares","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9351-8348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00aa Isabel","family":"Garcia-Domingo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cinthya B\u00e1ez","family":"Leal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9212-3619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaume","family":"Alijotas-Reig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"5624_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.234.5.496","volume":"234","author":"JT Lie","year":"1975","unstructured":"Lie JT, Gordon LP, Titus JL (1975) Juvenile temporal arteritis. 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