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CAC progression was evaluated by cardiac computed tomography (CT) at baseline and after 5 years. Multivariable Poisson regression was applied to investigate associations between CAC progression and baseline values for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, CAC, SLE disease duration, lupus nephritis, and renal function. Regarding renal function, three groups were defined based on eGFR. Further, we analysed association between CAC progression and myocardial infarction during follow-up. Of the 147 SLE patients, 99 had cardiac CT at baseline and 5-year follow-up, with a total of 502 patient-years. At baseline, their median age was 47 years, median SLE disease duration was 14 years, 88% were women, 58% had lupus nephritis, and the median eGFR was 99 mL\/min\/1.73m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>. 38\/99 (39%) had CAC progression. CAC progression was associated with smoking (ever) (relative risk [RR] 1.69, CI95% 1.19\u20132.40), SLE disease duration (RR per year 1.03, CI95% 1.01\u20131.04), and CAC presence (RR 2.52, CI95% 1.68\u20133.78) at baseline. During follow-up, myocardial infarction occurred in three (7.9%) CAC progressors and in two (3.3%) patients who did not have CAC at any time (RR 2.1, CI95% 0.0-5.5). In this study, progression of CAC was associated with smoking, SLE disease duration and the prior presence of CAC, but it was inconclusive as to associations with renal involvement and incidence of MI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-025-05785-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]],"date-time":"2025-01-13T09:18:15Z","timestamp":1736759895000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Coronary artery calcification progression and renal involvement in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a longitudinal cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1816-6418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lise","family":"Zinglersen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2880-1638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda Hempel","family":"Zinglersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0838-0987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katrine Aagaard","family":"Myhr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9108-8604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie-Louise","family":"Hermansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9742-1554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Klaus Fuglsang","family":"Kofoed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0236-0811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Fuchs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2581-8912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louise P.","family":"Diederichsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5654-4993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00f8ren","family":"Jacobsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"5785_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kws130","volume":"176","author":"LS Magder","year":"2012","unstructured":"Magder LS, Petri M (2012) Incidence of and risk factors for adverse cardiovascular events among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. 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Diabetes Res Clin Pract 141:18\u201325","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"}],"container-title":["Rheumatology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00296-025-05785-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00296-025-05785-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00296-025-05785-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T07:18:00Z","timestamp":1737703080000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00296-025-05785-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["5785"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-025-05785-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1437-160X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1437-160X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 September 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 January 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 January 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All patients provided written informed consent following the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and the study was approved by the local ethics committee (Approved by the regional scientific ethical committee (H-1-2013-023), lastly approved November 11th, 2018, De Videnskabsetiske Komit\u00e9er, Region Hovedstanden, Denmark).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"This work has previously been presented as a poster presentation at the 39th Scandinavian Congress of Rheumatology, in Copenhagen, Denmark, 2023. It was presented as a poster titled: \u201cCoronary artery calcium progression and renal involvement in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a longitudinal cohort study\u201d by Lise Zinglersen. The Abstract has been published in the Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology:  abstract number: PP30.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Note on related congress abstracts and publication"}},{"value":"The authors have declared no conflicts of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}],"article-number":"26"}}