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We included 60 JIA patients (30 oligoarticular,30 polyarticular), aged 10\u201316 years, and 60 age-and sex-matched controls. VAT (g) was estimated by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Lipid profile and selected adipokines\/cytokines were analyzed by standard methods and ELISA, respectively. VAT (g) was comparable between patients and controls [median (25th-75th percentile): 64 (23\u2013149) g vs. 66 (30\u201399) g, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.98] and between oligoarticular and polyarticular disease courses [46 (22\u2013123) g vs. 80 (23\u2013167) g, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.32]. Patients had lower serum levels of apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1) and elevated levels of interleukin- 6 (IL-6) and progranulin compared to controls. As compared to oligoarticular disease course, patients with polyarticular disease had lower serum levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) and progranulin, and elevated levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1b) and IL-1b\/IL-1RA ratio. In patients (B, 95% CI), higher IL-6 (48.7, 25.1 to72.2, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), resistin (8.5, 5.1 to 11.8, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and leptin (2.5, 0.9 to 4.0, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002) were associated with higher VAT. In controls, higher leptin (5.3, 3.7 to 6.9), <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) was associated with higher VAT. Despite similar VAT mass between patients and controls, VAT was related to IL-6 and resistin in patients only, suggesting an active metabolic role in JIA. Several pro-inflammatory adipokines\/cytokines were increased in JIA, with differences in Lp(a) between oligoarticular and polyarticular disease courses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-025-05820-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T11:01:25Z","timestamp":1741950085000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Visceral adipose tissue is related to interleukin 6 and resistin in juvenile idiopathic arthritis \u2013 a case-control study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8210-0360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristine","family":"Risum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9436-539X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicoleta Cristina","family":"Olarescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3407-3657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristin","family":"Godang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3490-5601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henriette Schermacher","family":"Marstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0654-4610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jens","family":"Bollerslev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7226-066X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helga","family":"Sanner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"5820_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2009.209","volume":"5","author":"C Macaubas","year":"2009","unstructured":"Macaubas C, Nguyen K, Milojevic D, Park JL, Mellins ED (2009) Oligoarticular and polyarticular JIA: epidemiology and pathogenesis. 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Approval date 05.03.2014.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Each participant provided written consent (the children themselves if aged\u2009\u2265\u200916 years and the parents\/guardians of children aged\u2009<\u200916 years together with the children\u2019s assent).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participant"}},{"value":"During the revision of the paper, the authors used an AI language model developed by OpenAI, which is based on GPT-4 technology provided by Oslo Metropolitan University to check spelling and punctuation. No external commercial editing support was used.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"External commercial editing support and use of AI"}},{"value":"Part of this work has been presented at the Annual European Congress of Rheumatology (EULAR) 2023 in Milan, Italy. Risum K, Olarescu NC, Godang K, Marstein HS, Bollerslev J, Sanner H. Visceral adipose tissue and adipokines\/cytokines in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Annals of the rheumatic diseases. Volume 82. Suppl 1. . The current article builds upon and extends the research presented in the PhD dissertation by Kristine Risum, titled \u201cPhysical activity and physical fitness in juvenile idiopathic arthritis\u201d, University of Oslo, Norway, 2021. The dissertation focused on physical fitness and physical activity in patients with JIA. One of the central themes of the dissertation was body composition, which included analyses of total body fat and muscle mass. Although visceral adipose tissue was not a primary focus in the dissertation, it is a natural extension of the research on body composition. The current article specifically examines total body fat mass, visceral adipose tissue, cytokines, adipokines and lipids in the same participant cohort used in the PhD dissertation. The authors state that no part of this manuscript, including the text and graphics, are copied or published\/archived elsewhere in whole or in part.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Congress abstract publication"}},{"value":"The authors have no financial or non-financial interests to declare. The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"63"}}