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Placenta biopsies from HC, SLE, pSjD, APS, and patients with fetal growth restriction (FGR), spontaneous preterm birth (PTB), or FGR and preeclampsia (FGR\/PE) attended between 2008 and 2022 were recovered from the pathology biobank of the University Medical Center Groningen. Clinical characteristics and APO were retrieved from medical records. Immunohistochemistry was performed for Myxovirus resistance protein 1 (MxA), CD3, CD20, CD56, CD68, CD123, and Foxp3. The proportion of positive cells was established using an automated detection classifier, while MxA expression was assessed semi\/quantitatively discriminating between maternal (decidua) and fetal (villi) tissue. Finally, placental lesion classification was performed. Our study included placentas from 11 SLE, 4 pSjD, 8 APS, 4 PTB, 8 FGR, 8 FGR\/PE patients and 11 HC. A high rate of APO (70%) was identified in SRD patients. Patients with SRD had a higher macrophage (CD68+) count in decidua and villi than HC, but no differences were observed in T (CD3+), B (CD20+), NK (CD56+) and T regulatory (Foxp3+) cell count. No plasmacytoid dendritic cells (CD123+) were identified. Furthermore, patients with these SRD had higher MxA values than HC in villi but not in decidua. SLE, pSjD and APS patients have an increased macrophage count and interferon upregulation in the placenta compared to HC. Therefore, a pro-inflammatory environment might be key inducing placental dysfunction, which may lead to subsequent APO development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-025-05856-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,5]],"date-time":"2025-04-05T20:57:45Z","timestamp":1743886665000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Immunohistochemical analysis reveals higher Myxovirus resistance protein 1 expression and increased macrophage count in placentas from patients with systemic rheumatic diseases"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3611-0565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan J.","family":"Fierro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2168-2517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mirthe H.","family":"Schoots","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia C.","family":"Liefers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berber Doornbos-van","family":"der Meer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8053-216X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gilles F. 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Lupus 21:708\u2013710. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0961203312438116","journal-title":"Lupus"}],"container-title":["Rheumatology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00296-025-05856-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00296-025-05856-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00296-025-05856-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T09:40:01Z","timestamp":1744710001000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00296-025-05856-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["5856"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-025-05856-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1437-160X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1437-160X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 February 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 March 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, the Dutch law on Medical Research in Humans and approved by the Institutional Review Board (or Ethics Committee) of the University Medical Center Groningen (METc 2022\/427 on the 30th of August 2022). Processing placental tissue was approved by the aforementioned and no informed consent was required according to our regulations.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"A preliminary version of this manuscript\u2019s abstract was presented at the American College of Rheumatology Convergence 2024 in Washington, DC and published in the corresponding conference proceedings with reference Arthritis Rheumatol. 2024; 76 (suppl 9). DOI: .","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Note on congress abstracts and publication"}},{"value":"This manuscript has not been previously archived. No part of this manuscript, including text and graphics is copied or published elsewhere in whole or in part. Generative AI and AI-assisted technologies were not used in the preparation of this work.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclaimer"}},{"value":"All the authors declare that they do not have any kind of conflict of interest.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"90"}}