{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:12:25Z","timestamp":1792782745208,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745539200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Health Sciences"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rheumatol Int"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is an ongoing disorder distinguished by its multifaceted characteristics. There has been increasing interest in its ophthalmologic aspects. This study evaluated the anterior segment parameters of the eye in patients with FMS, comparing them to healthy controls. Furthermore, correlations with disease activity were analyzed. This research was structured as a cross-sectional and comparative analysis. Data was collected at a tertiary care education and research hospital from August 20, 2024, to November 15, 2024. The participants\u2019 central corneal thickness, uncorrected and best-corrected visual acuities, refraction parameters, intraocular pressure, meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), and dry eye disease (DED) parameters were evaluated. There were no significant differences in visual acuity, spherical equivalent, intraocular pressure, and central corneal thickness between FMS and healthy controls (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&gt;\u20090.05). The median astigmatism in the right eye (diopter) was \u2212\u20090.50 (-8.25\u20130) for the FMS group and \u2212\u20090.12 (-1.75\u20130.50) for the control group (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.012). The left eye data were \u2212\u20090.50 (-2\u20131.50) for the FMS group and 0 (-1.75\u20130.75) for the control group (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.056). MGD was identified in 26 (36.6%) individuals in the FMS group, whereas it was identified in 3 (4.3%) participants in the control group (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). DED was detected in 43 (60.6%) participants in the FMS group and 15 (21.4%) participants in the control group (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). FMS patients had higher rates of astigmatism, MGD, and DED compared to healthy controls, underscoring the necessity for routine anterior segment assessments. These data suggest possible ocular involvement in FMS, which warrants further research.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-025-05872-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T00:23:30Z","timestamp":1745540610000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Anterior segment alterations in fibromyalgia syndrome: a cross-sectional study on dry eye disease, meibomian gland dysfunction, and astigmatism"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0610-2422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Duygu Topakta\u015f","family":"Emekli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3146-6577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eda","family":"Sahutoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9033-5095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G\u00fcl\u015fah Ya\u015fa","family":"\u00d6zt\u00fcrk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6065-8002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Burhan Fatih","family":"Kocyigit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"5872_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2201","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-023-05403-5","volume":"43","author":"K Turcotte","year":"2023","unstructured":"Turcotte K, Oelke ND, Whitaker G et al (2023) Multi-disciplinary community-based group intervention for fibromyalgia: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Rheumatol Int 43:2201\u20132210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-023-05403-5","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"5872_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3947","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-54365-6","volume":"14","author":"A Marshall","year":"2024","unstructured":"Marshall A, Rapteas L, Burgess J et al (2024) Small fibre pathology, small fibre symptoms and pain in fibromyalgia syndrome. Sci Rep 14:3947. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-54365-6","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"5872_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-023-05275-9","volume":"43","author":"I P\u00e9rez-Neri","year":"2023","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez-Neri I, Sandoval H, Est\u00eav\u00e3o MD et al (2023) Central and peripheral mechanisms of pain in fibromyalgia: scoping review protocol. Rheumatol Int 43:757\u2013762. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-023-05275-9","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"5872_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.5114\/reum.2022.123671","volume":"60","author":"BF Kocyigit","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kocyigit BF, Akyol A (2022) Fibromyalgia syndrome: epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment. Reumatologia 60:413\u2013421. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5114\/reum.2022.123671","journal-title":"Reumatologia"},{"key":"5872_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2389","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-024-05616-2","volume":"44","author":"AC Gianloren\u00e7o","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gianloren\u00e7o AC, Costa V, Fabris-Moraes W et al (2024) Cluster analysis in fibromyalgia: a systematic review. Rheumatol Int 44:2389\u20132402. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-024-05616-2","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"5872_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-024-05605-5","volume":"44","author":"GY Ozturk","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ozturk GY, Arat NB, Ozdemir AA, Bashan I, Kocyigit BF (2024) The effect of earthquake on fibromyalgia: a comparison of patients on medication and without medication. Rheumatol Int 44:1345\u20131351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-024-05605-5","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"5872_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2020.05.006","volume":"66","author":"N Zdebik","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zdebik N, Zdebik A, Bogus\u0142awska J, Prze\u017adziecka-Do\u0142yk J, Turno-Kr\u0119cicka A (2021) Fibromyalgia syndrome and the eye-A review. Surv Ophthalmol 66:132\u2013137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.survophthal.2020.05.006","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"5872_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e318285c912","volume":"32","author":"K T\u00fcrkyilmaz","year":"2013","unstructured":"T\u00fcrkyilmaz K, T\u00fcrkyilmaz AK, Kurt EE, Kurt A, \u00d6ner V (2013) Dry eye in patients with fibromyalgia and its relevance to functional and emotional status. Cornea 32:862\u2013866. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ICO.0b013e318285c912","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"5872_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2014.263","volume":"29","author":"A Galor","year":"2015","unstructured":"Galor A, Levitt RC, Felix ER, Martin ER, Sarantopoulos CD (2015) Neuropathic ocular pain: an important yet underevaluated feature of dry eye. Eye (Lond) 29:301\u2013312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/eye.2014.263","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"5872_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4129","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-3083","volume":"50","author":"J Gallar","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gallar J, Morales C, Freire V, Acosta MC, Belmonte C, Duran JA (2009) Decreased corneal sensitivity and tear production in fibromyalgia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 50:4129\u20134134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.08-3083","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"5872_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.03.022","volume":"166","author":"E Pekel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pekel E, Pekel G (2016) Clinical characteristics of dry eye patients with chronic pain syndromes. Am J Ophthalmol 166:203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.03.022","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"5872_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-024-05662-w","volume":"44","author":"GY \u00d6zt\u00fcrk","year":"2024","unstructured":"\u00d6zt\u00fcrk GY, Emekli DT, Sahutoglu E, Kocyigit BF (2024) Evaluation of ophthalmic vascular and neuroretinal alterations in fibromyalgia syndrome: a cross-sectional comparative study. Rheumatol Int 44:1757\u20131765. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-024-05662-w","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"5872_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2016.08.012","volume":"46","author":"F Wolfe","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wolfe F, Clauw DJ, Fitzcharles MA et al (2016) 2016 Revisions to the 2010\/2011 fibromyalgia diagnostic criteria. Semin Arthritis Rheum 46:319\u2013329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2016.08.012","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"5872_CR14","first-page":"728","volume":"18","author":"CS Burckhardt","year":"1991","unstructured":"Burckhardt CS, Clark SR, Bennett RM (1991) The fibromyalgia impact questionnaire: development and validation. J Rheumatol 18:728\u2013733","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"5872_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s002960000077","volume":"20","author":"S Sarmer","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sarmer S, Ergin S, Yavuzer G (2000) The validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the fibromyalgia impact questionnaire. Rheumatol Int 20:9\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s002960000077","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"5872_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1991.65","volume":"5","author":"AJ Bron","year":"1991","unstructured":"Bron AJ, Benjamin L, Snibson GR (1991) Meibomian gland disease. Classification and grading of lid changes. Eye (Lond) 5:395\u2013411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/eye.1991.65","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"5872_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.09.001","volume":"18","author":"E Villani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Villani E, Marelli L, Dellavalle A, Serafino M, Nucci P (2020) Latest evidences on meibomian gland dysfunction diagnosis and management. Ocul Surf 18:871\u2013892. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.09.001","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"5872_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Srinivas SP, Rao SK (2023) Ocular surface staining: Current concepts and techniques. Indian J Ophthalmol 71:1080\u20131089. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijo.IJO_2137_22","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_2137_22"},{"key":"5872_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S351898","volume":"16","author":"A Rodriguez-Garcia","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rodriguez-Garcia A, Babayan-Sosa A, Ramirez-Miranda A et al (2022) A practical approach to severity classification and treatment of dry eye disease: A proposal from the Mexican dry eye disease expert panel. Clin Ophthalmol 16:1331\u20131355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/OPTH.S351898","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"5872_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2528","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pny045","volume":"19","author":"AK Schuster","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schuster AK, Wettstein M, Gerhardt A, Eich W, Bieber C, Tesarz J (2018) Eye pain and dry eye in patients with fibromyalgia. Pain Med 19:2528\u20132535. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pm\/pny045","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"5872_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000001447","volume":"37","author":"K Erkan Turan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Erkan Turan K, Kocabeyoglu S, Unal-Cevik I, Bezci F, Akinci A, Irkec M (2018) Ocular surface alterations in the context of corneal in vivo confocal microscopic characteristics in patients with fibromyalgia. Cornea 37:205\u2013210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ICO.0000000000001447","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"5872_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000559","volume":"45","author":"S Koh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Koh S, Maeda N, Ogawa M et al (2019) Fourier analysis of corneal irregular astigmatism due to the anterior corneal surface in dry eye. Eye Contact Lens 45:188\u2013194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000559","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"key":"5872_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"DES36","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-23500","volume":"59","author":"S Koh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Koh S (2018) Irregular astigmatism and Higher-Order aberrations in eyes with dry eye disease. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 59:DES36\u2013DES40. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.17-23500","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"5872_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.05.031","volume":"124","author":"P Chhadva","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chhadva P, Goldhardt R, Galor A (2017) Meibomian gland disease: the role of gland dysfunction in dry eye disease. Ophthalmology 124:S20\u2013S26. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.05.031","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"5872_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-023-03249-w","volume":"24","author":"H Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen H, McCann P, Lien T et al (2024) Prevalence of dry eye and meibomian gland dysfunction in central and South America: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Ophthalmol 24:50. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12886-023-03249-w","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"5872_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-023-00669-1","volume":"12","author":"JD Sheppard","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sheppard JD, Nichols KK (2023) Dry eye disease associated with meibomian gland dysfunction: focus on tear film characteristics and the therapeutic landscape. Ophthalmol Ther 12:1397\u20131418. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40123-023-00669-1","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Ther"},{"key":"5872_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2024.102248","volume":"47","author":"M Hoffmann","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hoffmann M, Farrell S, Colorado LH, Edwards K (2024) Discordant dry eye disease and chronic pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 47:102248. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clae.2024.102248","journal-title":"Cont Lens Anterior Eye"}],"container-title":["Rheumatology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00296-025-05872-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00296-025-05872-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00296-025-05872-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]],"date-time":"2025-05-23T07:45:06Z","timestamp":1747986306000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00296-025-05872-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["5872"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-025-05872-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1437-160X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1437-160X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 February 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 April 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"No part of this article is copied, submitted, or published elsewhere in whole or in part in any language.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclaimer"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflicts of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"120"}}