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Given the substantial psychological burden associated with FM, this study aimed to examine these constructs in relation to emotional distress and resilience. Specifically, we sought to: (1) compare self-compassion and emotion regulation strategies between FM patients and healthy controls; (2) explore their associations with depression, anxiety, pain intensity, and resilience; and (3) identify predictors of psychological distress, focusing on self-compassion and emotion regulation. The study included 160 participants (80 FM patients and 80 age- and gender-matched healthy controls) who completed validated instruments, including the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), and Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Group comparisons were conducted using Student's t tests. Pearson correlations assessed associations among psychological variables. Mediation analyses, performed using PROCESS macro with 5000 bootstrap resamples, tested whether resilience mediated the relationships between self-compassion and clinical outcomes. FM patients reported significantly lower self-compassion and greater use of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies\u2014particularly rumination and catastrophizing\u2014compared to healthy controls (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Self-compassion was negatively correlated with depression and anxiety, while resilience was positively associated with self-compassion and inversely related to psychological distress. Regression analyses showed that self-compassion, rumination, catastrophizing, resilience, and pain intensity significantly predicted depression and anxiety. Resilience mediated the relationship between self-compassion and \u00a0both\u00a0depressive and anxiety\u00a0symptoms, though no significant mediation was observed for pain intensity. FM patients experience heightened psychological distress, characterized by reduced self-compassion and increased use of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. Self-compassion and emotion regulation emerged as key predictors of depression and anxiety, with resilience playing a mediating role in depressive symptoms. These findings underscore the potential of interventions that cultivate self-compassion and strengthen adaptive emotion regulation to improve psychological well-being in individuals with FM and support a more integrative approach to treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-025-05905-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T13:52:26Z","timestamp":1749649946000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Self-compassion, emotion regulation, and resilience as predictors of psychological well-being in fibromyalgia patients: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9079-8524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0130brahim Hakk\u0131","family":"Karaku\u015f","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8067-312X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erdo\u011fdu","family":"Ak\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3584-2788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmet Tuncay","family":"Duru\u00f6z","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6909-3012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kemal","family":"Sayar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"5905_CR1","first-page":"3","volume":"38","author":"L Bazzichi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bazzichi L, Giacomelli C, Consensi A, Giorgi V, Batticciotto A, di Franco M et al (2020) One year in review 2020: fibromyalgia. 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