{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T08:08:07Z","timestamp":1783584487416,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756166400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756166400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Diakonhjemmet Hospital"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rheumatol Int"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\u00a0Exercise is recommended for patients with hip\/knee osteoarthritis (OA), however, adherence to exercise tends to be poor. This study aimed to (1) compare in-person versus app-based adherence to exercise therapy, (2) identify patient characteristics associated with adherence, and (3) examine associations between adherence and change in disease-specific outcomes in hip\/knee OA patients.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\u00a0Data were collected as part of a randomized controlled trial. In-person physiotherapy treatment involved supervised exercise therapy twice weekly for 6\u00a0weeks, complemented by an additional weekly home-exercise session. The app group received an individually tailored exercise program in the Virtual Training-app for 6\u00a0weeks and were advised to exercise three times weekly. Adherence was recorded as number of exercise sessions attended. Patient characteristics were reported at baseline. Changes in disease-specific outcomes were evaluated at 6-weeks follow-up using Hip\/Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score. Associations were assessed using multiple logistic and linear regression analyses.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In total 68 patients, 34 in each group were included (63\u00a0years, 69% female). The odds of adherence were 4.2 times higher when exercise was supervised by physiotherapists (95% CI 1.5, 12.4; p\u2009=\u20090.008). High fatigue was associated with lower adherence (OR 0.8, p\u2009=\u20090.049), whereas higher education (OR 5.2, p\u2009=\u20090.02) and self-efficacy (OR 3.2, p\u2009=\u20090.008) were associated with higher adherence. No significant associations were found between disease-specific outcomes and adherence.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>App-based exercise did not improve adherence compared to supervised exercise. Apart from fatigue, education, and self-efficacy, no factors were found to influence adherence to exercise in hip\/knee OA patients.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04767854).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-025-05967-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T04:21:35Z","timestamp":1756182095000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Adherence to in-person and app-based exercise for patients with hip or knee osteoarthritis; secondary analyses from a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9800-8374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lars","family":"Martinsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8602-342X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nina","family":"\u00d8ster\u00e5s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0920-888X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tuva","family":"Moseng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1701-9835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne Therese","family":"Tveter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"5967_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225041","volume":"83","author":"T Moseng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Moseng T, Vliet Vlieland TPM, Battista S, Beckw\u00e9e D, Boyadzhieva V, Conaghan PG, Costa D, Doherty M, Finney AG, Georgiev T, Gobbo M, Kennedy N, Kjeken I, Kroon FPB, Lohmander LS, Lund H, Mallen CD, Pavelka K, Pitsillidou IA, Rayman MP, Tveter AT, Vriezekolk JE, Wiek D, Zanoli G, \u00d8ster\u00e5s N (2024) EULAR recommendations for the non-pharmacological core management of hip and knee osteoarthritis: 2023 update. Ann Rheum Dis 83(6):730\u2013740. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ard-2023-225041","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"5967_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2017.03.007","volume":"47","author":"C Bartholdy","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bartholdy C, Juhl C, Christensen R, Lund H, Zhang W, Henriksen M (2017) The role of muscle strengthening in exercise therapy for knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis of randomized trials. Semin Arthritis Rheum 47(1):9\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2017.03.007","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"5967_CR3","unstructured":"Liguori G, Feito Y, Fountaine C, Roy BA, American College of Sports Medicine (2022) ACSM's Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription. Wolters Kluwer Health, Philadelphia"},{"issue":"1","key":"5967_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-017-1439-y","volume":"18","author":"ST Skou","year":"2017","unstructured":"Skou ST, Roos EM (2017) Good life with osteoarthritis in Denmark (GLA:D\u2122): evidence-based education and supervised neuromuscular exercise delivered by certified physiotherapists nationwide. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 18(1):72\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-017-1439-y","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"5967_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"J\u00f6nsson T, Eek F, Dell\u2019Isola A, Dahlberg LE, Hansson EE (2019) The better management of patients with osteoarthritis program : Outcomes after evidence-based education and exercise delivered nationwide in Sweden. PLoS One. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0222657","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0222657"},{"issue":"8","key":"5967_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20182","volume":"62","author":"MF Pisters","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pisters MF, Veenhof C, Schellevis FG, Twisk JWR, Dekker J, De Bakker DH (2010) Exercise adherence improving long-term patient outcome in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip and\/or knee. Arthritis Care Res 62(8):1087\u20131094","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"5967_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2018.01.009","volume":"26","author":"PJA Nicolson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nicolson PJA, Hinman RS, Kasza J, Bennell KL (2018) Trajectories of adherence to home-based exercise programs among people with knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 26(4):513\u2013521. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joca.2018.01.009","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"1","key":"5967_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-020-03235-z","volume":"21","author":"T Moseng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moseng T, Dagfinrud H, Lv B-V, Dziedzic K, Hagen KB, Natvig B, R\u00f8tterud JH, Vlieland TV, \u00d8ster\u00e5s N (2020) Low adherence to exercise may have influenced the proportion of OMERACT-OARSI responders in an integrated osteoarthritis care model: secondary analyses from a cluster-randomised stepped-wedge trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 21(1):1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-020-03235-z","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"6","key":"5967_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.25313","volume":"76","author":"KA Marriott","year":"2024","unstructured":"Marriott KA, Hall M, Maciukiewicz JM, Almaw RD, Wiebenga EG, Ivanochko NK, Rinaldi D, Tung EV, Bennell KL, Maly MR (2024) Are the effects of resistance exercise on pain and function in knee and hip osteoarthritis dependent on exercise volume, duration, and adherence? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 76(6):821\u2013830. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acr.25313","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"issue":"1","key":"5967_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphys.2022.11.012","volume":"69","author":"D Thompson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Thompson D, Rattu S, Tower J, Egerton T, Francis J, Merolli M (2023) Mobile app use to support therapeutic exercise for musculoskeletal pain conditions may help improve pain intensity and self-reported physical function: a systematic review. J Physiother 69(1):23\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jphys.2022.11.012","journal-title":"J Physiother"},{"issue":"6","key":"5967_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/30817","volume":"24","author":"Y Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang Y, Boulton E, Todd C (2022) Measurement of adherence to mHealth physical activity interventions and exploration of the factors that affect the adherence: scoping review and proposed framework. J Med Internet Res 24(6):e30817. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/30817","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"5967_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physio.2020.08.001","volume":"111","author":"JW Bunting","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bunting JW, Withers TM, Heneghan NR, Greaves CJ (2021) Digital interventions for promoting exercise adherence in chronic musculoskeletal pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Physiotherapy 111:23\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physio.2020.08.001","journal-title":"Physiotherapy"},{"issue":"5","key":"5967_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2025.101952","volume":"68","author":"L Liu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liu L, Wang S, Ye C, Chen D, Dong H (2025) The effects of digital health on exercise adherence and intervention outcomes in older adults with knee diseases: a systematic review. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 68(5):101952. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rehab.2025.101952","journal-title":"Ann Phys Rehabil Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"5967_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.25135","volume":"75","author":"S Battista","year":"2023","unstructured":"Battista S, Kiadaliri A, J\u00f6nsson T, Gustafsson K, Englund M, Testa M, Dell\u2019Isola A (2023) Factors associated with adherence to a supervised exercise intervention for osteoarthritis: data from the Swedish Osteoarthritis Registry. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 75(10):2117\u20132126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acr.25135","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"issue":"9","key":"5967_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e066248","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-066248","volume":"12","author":"L Martinsen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Martinsen L, \u00d8ster\u00e5s N, Moseng T, Tveter AT (2022) Effect of a mHealth exercise intervention compared with supervised exercise therapy in osteoarthritis management: protocol of the DigiOA trial. BMJ Open 12(9):e066248\u2013e066248. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-066248","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"5967_CR16","unstructured":"Sealed Envelope Ltd (2022) Create a blocked randomisation list. https:\/\/www.sealedenvelope.com\/simple-randomiser\/v1\/lists."},{"issue":"10","key":"5967_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9103112","volume":"9","author":"I Holm","year":"2020","unstructured":"Holm I, Pripp AH, Risberg MA (2020) The active with OsteoArthritis (AktivA) physiotherapy implementation model: a patient education, supervised exercise and self-management program for patients with mild to moderate osteoarthritis of the knee or hip joint. A national register study with a two-year follow-up. J Clin Med 9(10):3112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm9103112","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"5967_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.1998.28.2.88","volume":"28","author":"EM Roos","year":"1998","unstructured":"Roos EM, Roos HP, Lohmander LS, Ekdahl C, Beynnon BD, Roos EM (1998) Knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS)\u2014development of a self-administered outcome measure. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 28(2):88\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2519\/jospt.1998.28.2.88","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"5967_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-4-10","volume":"4","author":"AK Nilsdotter","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nilsdotter AK, Lohmander LS, Kl\u00e4ssbo M, Roos EM (2003) Hip disability and osteoarthritis outcome score (HOOS) \u2013 validity and responsiveness in total hip replacement. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 4(1):10\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2474-4-10","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"5967_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kiadaliri A, Lohmander LS, Dahlberg LE (2024) Two-thirds maintain high adherence to digital education and exercise therapy with comparable outcomes across adherence clusters: a registry study including data from over 14,000 patients in Sweden. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2519\/jospt.2024.12864","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2024.12864"},{"issue":"1","key":"5967_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s40945-022-00148-z","volume":"12","author":"S Lang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lang S, McLelland C, MacDonald D, Hamilton DF (2022) Do digital interventions increase adherence to home exercise rehabilitation? A systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Arch Physiother 12(1):24. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40945-022-00148-z","journal-title":"Arch Physiother"},{"issue":"6","key":"5967_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2021.0991","volume":"181","author":"RK Nelligan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nelligan RK, Hinman RS, Kasza J, Crofts SJC, Bennell KL (2021) Effects of a self-directed web-based strengthening exercise and physical activity program supported by automated text messages for people with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med 181(6):776\u2013785. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamainternmed.2021.0991","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"5967_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/20283","volume":"22","author":"G Meyerowitz-Katz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Meyerowitz-Katz G, Ravi S, Arnolda L, Feng X, Maberly G, Astell-Burt T (2020) Rates of attrition and dropout in app-based interventions for chronic disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Med Internet Res 22(9):e20283. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/20283","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"5967_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.7.1.e11","volume":"7","author":"G Eysenbach","year":"2005","unstructured":"Eysenbach G (2005) The law of attrition. J Med Internet Res 7(1):e11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/jmir.7.1.e11","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"5967_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-024-05600-w","volume":"44","author":"PP Strunz","year":"2024","unstructured":"Strunz PP, Le Maire M, Heusinger T, Klein J, Labinsky H, Fleischer A, Luetkens KS, Possler P, Gernert M, Leppich R, Schmieder A, Hammel L, Schulz E, Sperlich B, Froehlich M, Schmalzing M (2024) The exercise-app Axia for axial spondyloarthritis enhances the home-based exercise frequency in axial spondyloarthritis patients\u2014a cross-sectional survey. Rheumatol Int 44(6):1143\u20131154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-024-05600-w","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"5967_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-023-05456-6","volume":"44","author":"L Paul","year":"2024","unstructured":"Paul L, McDonald MT, McConnachie A, Siebert S, Coulter EH (2024) Online physiotherapy for people with axial spondyloarthritis: quantitative and qualitative data from a cohort study. Rheumatol Int 44(1):145\u2013156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-023-05456-6","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"5967_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/35120","volume":"24","author":"S Amagai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Amagai S, Pila S, Kaat AJ, Nowinski CJ, Gershon RC (2022) Challenges in participant engagement and retention using mobile health apps: literature review. J Med Internet Res 24(4):e35120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/35120","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"5967_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-098742","volume":"54","author":"DL Bailey","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bailey DL, Holden MA, Foster NE, Quicke JG, Haywood KL, Bishop A (2020) Defining adherence to therapeutic exercise for musculoskeletal pain: a systematic review. Br J Sports Med 54(6):326\u2013331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2017-098742","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"5967_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/35371","volume":"24","author":"R Jakob","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jakob R, Harperink S, Rudolf AM, Fleisch E, Haug S, Mair JL, Salamanca-Sanabria A, Kowatsch T (2022) Factors influencing adherence to mHealth apps for prevention or management of noncommunicable diseases: systematic review. J Med Internet Res 24(5):e35371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/35371","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"5967_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.25451","volume":"77","author":"BJ Lawford","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lawford BJ, Hinman RS, Spiers L, Kimp AJ, Dell\u2019Isola A, Harmer AR, Van der Esch M, Hall M, Bennell KL (2025) Does higher compliance with American College of Sports Medicine exercise prescription guidelines influence exercise outcomes in knee osteoarthritis? A systematic review with meta-analysis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 77(4):460\u2013474. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acr.25451","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"issue":"2","key":"5967_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040061","volume":"4","author":"I Boutron","year":"2007","unstructured":"Boutron I, Guittet L, Estellat C, Moher D, Hr\u00f3bjartsson A, Ravaud P (2007) Reporting methods of blinding in randomized trials assessing nonpharmacological treatments. PLoS Med 4(2):e61. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040061","journal-title":"PLoS Med"}],"container-title":["Rheumatology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00296-025-05967-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00296-025-05967-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00296-025-05967-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T10:15:04Z","timestamp":1760523304000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00296-025-05967-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["5967"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-025-05967-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1437-160X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1437-160X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 August 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 August 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"No part of this manuscript has been published elsewhere. It should be noted that part of the tables describing baseline characteristics are similar to the article describing the primary outcome of the RCT as it concerns the same cohort.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Ethical approvals were obtained from the Norwegian Regional Committees for Medical and Health Research Ethics (201105) \u2013 05\/03\u20132021 and the Research Council and the Data Protection Officer (00221) at Diakonhjemmet Hospital 05\/03\u20132021.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approvals"}},{"value":"No part of this manuscript has previously been published in congress abstracts.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Congress abstracts"}},{"value":"Diakonhjemmet Hospital has provided the funding for Open Access.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Open access funding"}}],"article-number":"208"}}