{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T10:57:00Z","timestamp":1788346620355,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758153600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758153600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rheumatol Int"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-025-05991-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T07:28:22Z","timestamp":1758180502000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Mepolizumab in patients with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis reduced glucocorticoid dose and improved residual symptoms compared to conventional immunosuppressants: a retrospective observational study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9560-8558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daiki","family":"Sakai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2082-6948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaichi","family":"Kaneko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8931-9200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karin","family":"Furukawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9822-8067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mai","family":"Kawazoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7470-6303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasuo","family":"Matsuzawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3482-074X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toshihiro","family":"Nanki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"5991_CR1","first-page":"277","volume":"27","author":"J Churg","year":"1951","unstructured":"Churg J, Strauss L (1951) Allergic granulomatosis, allergic angiitis, and periarteritis nodosa. Am J Pathol 27:277\u2013301","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5991_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/art.37715","volume":"65","author":"JC Jennette","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jennette JC, Falk RJ, Bacon PA et al (2013) 2012 revised international chapel hill consensus conference nomenclature of vasculitides. Arthritis Rheum 65(1):1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.37715","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"5991_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12088","volume":"68","author":"A Vaglio","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vaglio A, Buzio C, Zwerina J (2013) Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss): state of the art. Allergy 68:261\u2013273. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/all.12088","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"5991_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41773","volume":"73","author":"SA Chung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chung SA, Langford CA, Maz M et al (2021) 2021 American college of rheumatology\/vasculitis foundation guideline for the management of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis. Arthritis Rheumatol 73:1366\u20131383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.41773","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"5991_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2022-223764","volume":"83","author":"B Hellmich","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hellmich B, Sanchez-Alamo B, Schirmer JH et al (2024) EULAR recommendations for the management of ANCA-associated vasculitis: 2022 update. Ann Rheum Dis 83:30\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ard-2022-223764","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"5991_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.171352","volume":"45","author":"A Saku","year":"2018","unstructured":"Saku A, Furuta S, Hiraguri M et al (2018) Longterm outcomes of 188 Japanese patients with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. J Rheumatol 45:1159\u20131166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3899\/jrheum.171352","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"5991_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2107","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kez139","volume":"58","author":"X Pu\u00e9chal","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pu\u00e9chal X, Pagnoux C, Baron G et al (2019) Non-severe eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis: long-term outcomes after remission-induction trial. Rheumatology 58:2107\u20132116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/kez139","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"5991_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V73.6.1504.1504","volume":"73","author":"EJ Clutterbuck","year":"1989","unstructured":"Clutterbuck EJ, Hirst EM, Sanderson CJ (1989) Human interleukin-5 (IL-5) regulates the production of eosinophils in human bone marrow cultures: comparison and interaction with IL-1, IL-3, IL-6, and GMCSF. Blood 73:1504\u20131512","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"5991_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2311","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.143.7.2311","volume":"143","author":"ME Rothenberg","year":"1989","unstructured":"Rothenberg ME, Petersen J, Stevens RL et al (1989) IL-5-dependent conversion of normodense human eosinophils to the hypodense phenotype uses 3T3 fibroblasts for enhanced viability, accelerated hypodensity, and sustained antibody-dependent cytotoxicity. J Immunol 143:2311\u20132316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.143.7.2311","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"5991_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2542","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V78.10.2542.2542","volume":"78","author":"Y Yamaguchi","year":"1991","unstructured":"Yamaguchi Y, Suda T, Ohta S et al (1991) Analysis of the survival of mature human eosinophils: interleukin-5 prevents apoptosis in mature human eosinophils. Blood 78:2542\u20132547","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"5991_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1702079","volume":"376","author":"ME Wechsler","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wechsler ME, Akuthota P, Jayne D et al (2017) Mepolizumab or placebo for eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. N Engl J Med 376:1921\u20131932. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1702079","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"5991_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-023-03097-5","volume":"25","author":"T Yamane","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yamane T, Hashiramoto A (2023) Mepolizumab exerts crucial effects on glucocorticoid discontinuation in patients with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis: a retrospective study of 27 cases at a single center in Japan. Arthritis Res Ther 25:110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13075-023-03097-5","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"5991_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-022-02845-3","volume":"24","author":"M Ueno","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ueno M, Miyagawa I, Aritomi T et al (2022) Safety and effectiveness of mepolizumab therapy in remission induction therapy for eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis: a retrospective study. Arthritis Res Ther 24:159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13075-022-02845-3","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"5991_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1093\/mr\/road104","volume":"34","author":"KE Sada","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sada KE, Suzuki T, Joksaite S et al (2024) Trends in prevalence, treatment use, and disease burden in patients with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis in Japan: real-world database analysis. Mod Rheumatol road104 Mod Rheumatol 34:988\u2013998. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/mr\/road104","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol road104 Mod Rheumatol"},{"key":"5991_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1093\/mr\/road109","volume":"34","author":"T Ishii","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ishii T, Kunishige H, Kobayashi T et al (2024) Real-world safety and effectiveness of mepolizumab for patients with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) in Japan: A 48-week interim analysis of the MARS study. Mod Rheumatol 34:978\u2013987. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/mr\/road109","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol"},{"key":"5991_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-023-05326-1","volume":"43","author":"I Kouverianos","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kouverianos I, Angelopoulos A, Daoussis D (2023) The role of anti-eosinophilic therapies in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis: a systematic review. Rheumatol Int 43:1245\u20131252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-023-05326-1","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"5991_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.220560","volume":"50","author":"JY Pyo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pyo JY, Ahn SS, Song JJ, Park YB, Lee SW (2023) The reclassification of patients with previously diagnosed eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis based on the 2022 ACR\/EULAR criteria for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis. J Rheumatol 50:213\u2013218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3899\/jrheum.220560","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"5991_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.101279","volume":"68","author":"C Mukhtyar","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mukhtyar C, Lee R, Brown D et al (2009) Modification and validation of the Birmingham vasculitis activity score, version 3. Ann Rheum Dis 68:1827\u20131832. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ard.2008.101279","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"5991_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-210002","volume":"76","author":"EM Miloslavsky","year":"2017","unstructured":"Miloslavsky EM, Naden RP, Bijlsma JWJ et al (2017) Development of a glucocorticoid toxicity index (GTI) using multicriteria decision analysis. Ann Rheum Dis 76:543\u2013546. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-210002","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"5991_CR20","unstructured":"US Department of Health and Human Services (2022) National Institutes of Health \u2013 National Cancer Institute Common terminology criteria for adverse events (CTCAE), version 6.0. https:\/\/ctep.cancer.gov\/protocolDevelopment\/electronic_applications\/ctc.htm. Accessed 4 Aug 2024"},{"key":"5991_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-021-02462-6","volume":"23","author":"M Ueno","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ueno M, Miyagawa I, Nakano K et al (2021) Effectiveness and safety of mepolizumab in combination with corticosteroids in patients with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Arthritis Res Ther 23:86. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13075-021-02462-6","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"5991_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2022.152010","volume":"55","author":"JH Stone","year":"2022","unstructured":"Stone JH, McDowell PJ, Jayne DRW et al (2022) The glucocorticoid toxicity index: measuring change in glucocorticoid toxicity over time. Semin Arthritis Rheum 55:152010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2022.152010","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"5991_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e16664","DOI":"10.2196\/16664","volume":"9","author":"PA Merkel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Merkel PA, Jayne DR, Wang C, Hillson J, Bekker P (2020) Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of avacopan, a C5a receptor inhibitor, in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis treated concomitantly with rituximab or cyclophosphamide\/azathioprine: protocol for a randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, phase 3 trial. JMIR Res Protoc 9:e16664. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/16664","journal-title":"JMIR Res Protoc"}],"container-title":["Rheumatology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00296-025-05991-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00296-025-05991-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00296-025-05991-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T18:02:31Z","timestamp":1761588151000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00296-025-05991-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["5991"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-025-05991-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1437-160X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1437-160X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 September 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Kaichi Kaneko, Yasuo Matsuzawa, and Toshihiro Nanki have received speaking fees from GlaxoSmithKline K.K., which is the sole company responsible for the development, marketing, and sales of mepolizumab. The remaining authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of Faculty of Medicine, Toho University (approval number: A24069_A22065) on November 20, 2024. Information about the study was disclosed on the institutional website, allowing potential participants to opt out.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}],"article-number":"229"}}