{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T22:23:22Z","timestamp":1789597402267,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761523200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021852","name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Tender \u201cRecherche CHU Poitou-Charentes 2014\""],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Tender \u201cRecherche CHU Poitou-Charentes 2014\""]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021852","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rheumatol Int"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-025-06009-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T08:45:16Z","timestamp":1761554716000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Temporal artery biopsy and temporal artery ultrasound inter-rater agreement for the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis: an ancillary analysis from the multicentre prospective ECHORTON study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"45","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct02703922","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5627-2908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christophe","family":"Roncato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7642-4844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline","family":"Allix-B\u00e9guec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6945-7170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rapha\u00ebl","family":"Bourgade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8474-9243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Michel","family":"Goujon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0434-265X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillaume","family":"Denis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0821-9990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivier","family":"Espitia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"6009_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2024.10.011","volume":"46","author":"H de Boysson","year":"2025","unstructured":"de Boysson H, Devauchelle-Pensec V, Agard C, Andr\u00e9 M, Bienvenu B, Bonnotte B, Carvajal Alegria G, Espitia O, Hachulla E, Heron E et al (2025) French protocol for the diagnosis and management of giant cell arteritis. Rev Med Interne 46:12\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.revmed.2024.10.011","journal-title":"Rev Med Interne"},{"issue":"12","key":"6009_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42325","volume":"74","author":"C Ponte","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ponte C, Grayson PC, Robson JC, Suppiah R, Gribbons KB, Judge A, Craven A, Khalid S, Hutchings A, Watts RA et al (2022) 2022 American college of rheumatology\/EULAR classification criteria for giant cell arteritis. Arthritis Rheum 74(12):1881\u20131889. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.42325","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"6009_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1453462","volume":"11","author":"P Stamatis","year":"2024","unstructured":"Stamatis P, Turesson C, Mohammad AJ (2024) Temporal artery biopsy in giant cell arteritis: clinical perspectives and histological patterns. Front Med 11:1453462. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2024.1453462","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"6009_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41774","volume":"73","author":"M Maz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Maz M, Chung SA, Abril A, Langford CA, Gorelik M, Guyatt G, Archer AM, Conn DL, Full KA, Grayson PC et al (2021) 2021 American college of rheumatology\/vasculitis foundation guideline for the management of giant cell arteritis and Takayasu arteritis. Arthritis Rheum 73:1349\u20131365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.41774","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"6009_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3310\/hta20900","author":"R Luqmani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Luqmani R, Lee E, Singh S, Gillett M, Schmidt WA, Bradburn M, Dasgupta B, Diamantopoulos AP, Forrester-barker W, Hamilton W et al (2016) Temporal arteries in the diagnosis and treatment. Health Technol Assess. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3310\/hta20900","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"key":"6009_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2023-003379","author":"P Bosch","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bosch P, Bond M, Dejaco C, Ponte C, Mackie SL, Falzon L, Schmidt WA, Ramiro S (2023) Imaging in diagnosis, monitoring and outcome prediction of large vessel vasculitis: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis informing the 2023 update of the EULAR recommendations. RMD Open. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/rmdopen-2023-003379","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"6009_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2017-000598","author":"S Chrysidis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chrysidis S, Duftner C, Dejaco C, Sch\u00e4fer VS, Ramiro S, Carrara G, Scir\u00e8 CA, Hocevar A, Diamantopoulos AP, Iagnocco A et al (2018) Definitions and reliability assessment of elementary ultrasound lesions in giant cell arteritis: a study from the OMERACT large vessel vasculitis ultrasound working group. RMD Open. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/rmdopen-2017-000598","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"6009_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2021.04.014","volume":"51","author":"VS Sch\u00e4fer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sch\u00e4fer VS, Chrysidis S, Schmidt WA, Duftner C, Iagnocco A, Bruyn GA, Carrara G, De Miguel E, Diamantopoulos AP, Nielsen BD et al (2021) Omeract definition and reliability assessment of chronic ultrasound lesions of the axillary artery in giant cell arteritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum 51:951\u2013956. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2021.04.014","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"6009_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.7326\/M23-3417.Cited:in:","volume":"177","author":"G Denis","year":"2024","unstructured":"Denis G, Espitia O, Allix-B\u00e9guec C, Dieval C, Lorcerie F, Gombert B, Pouget-Abadie X, Toquet C, Agard C, Raimbeau A et al (2024) Diagnostic strategy using color doppler ultrasound of temporal arteries in patients with high clinical suspicion of giant cell arteritis\u202f: a prospective cohort study. Ann Intern Med 177:729\u2013737. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/M23-3417.Cited:in: (PMID: 38710093)","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"6009_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.03.002","volume":"64","author":"J Kottner","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kottner J, Audig\u00e9 L, Brorson S, Donner A, Gajewski BJ, Hr\u00f3bjartsson A, Roberts C, Shoukri M, Streiner DL (2011) Guidelines for reporting reliability and agreement studies (GRRAS) were proposed. J Clin Epidemiol 64(1):96\u2013106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.03.002","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"6009_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kez396","volume":"59","author":"A Chakrabarty","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chakrabarty A, Mackie S, Harden C, Morgan AW (2020) Temporal artery biopsy: audit of histological diagnosis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 59:678\u2013679. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/kez396","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"6009_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp-2023-208810","volume":"77","author":"D Taze","year":"2024","unstructured":"Taze D, Chakrabarty A, Venkateswaran R, Hartley C, Harden C, Morgan AW, Mackie SL, Griffin KJ (2024) Histopathology reporting of temporal artery biopsy specimens for giant cell arteritis: results of a modified delphi study. J Clin Pathol 77:464. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jcp-2023-208810","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"6009_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2020-001337","volume":"6","author":"S Chrysidis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chrysidis S, Terslev L, Christensen R, Fredberg U, Larsen K, Lorenzen T, D\u00f8hn UM, Diamantopoulos AP (2020) Vascular ultrasound for the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis: a reliability and agreement study based on a standardised training programme. RMD Open 6:e001337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/rmdopen-2020-001337","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"6009_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-020-04738-7","volume":"41","author":"D \u00dcsk\u00fcdar Cansu","year":"2021","unstructured":"\u00dcsk\u00fcdar Cansu D, \u00dcsk\u00fcdar Teke H, Korkmaz C (2021) Temporal artery biopsy for suspected giant cell arteritis: a retrospective analysis. Rheumatol Int 41:1803\u20131810. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-020-04738-7","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"6009_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2157","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-021-05028-6","volume":"41","author":"F Alnaimat","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alnaimat F, Mansour AT, Alduraidi H, Al-Qasem S, Hindi M, Rawashdeh T, Hassan E, Almustafa S, Hanbali R, Ababneh O (2021) Clinical and technical determinants of positive temporal artery biopsy: a retrospective cohort study. Rheumatol Int 41:2157\u20132166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-021-05028-6","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"6009_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-018-4157-3","volume":"39","author":"G Keser","year":"2019","unstructured":"Keser G, Aksu K (2019) Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of large-vessel vasculitides. Rheumatol Int 39:169\u2013185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-018-4157-3","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"6009_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2333","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-023-05395-2","volume":"43","author":"FL Besson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Besson FL, Mekinian A (2023) PET FDG CT is useful for giant-cell arteritis with isolated cough. Rheumatol Int 43:2333\u20132336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-023-05395-2","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"6009_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-003-0372-6","volume":"24","author":"M Reinhard","year":"2004","unstructured":"Reinhard M, Schmidt D, Hetzel A (2004) Color-coded sonography in suspected temporal arteritis\u2014experiences after 83 cases. Rheumatol Int 24:340\u2013346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-003-0372-6","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"6009_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780330810","volume":"33","author":"GG Hunder","year":"1990","unstructured":"Hunder GG, Bloch DA, Michel BA, Stevens MB, Arend WP, Calabrese LH, Edworthy SM, Fauci AS, Leavitt RY, Lie JT et al (1990) The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of Giant Cell Arteritis. Arth Rheum 33:1122\u20131127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.1780330810","journal-title":"Arth Rheum"},{"key":"6009_CR20","first-page":"597","volume":"46","author":"WA Hauser","year":"1971","unstructured":"Hauser WA, Ferguson RH, Holley KE, Kurland LT (1971) Temporal arteritis in Rochester, Minnesota, 1951 to 1967. Mayo Clin Proceed 46:597\u2013602","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proceed"},{"issue":"6","key":"6009_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1984.01040030721028","volume":"102","author":"AM Roth","year":"1984","unstructured":"Roth AM, Milsow L, Keltner JL (1984) The ultimate diagnoses of patients undergoing temporal artery biopsies. Arch Ophthalmol 102(6):901\u2013903. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archopht.1984.01040030721028","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6009_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ii3","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kex524","volume":"57","author":"Y Banz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Banz Y, Stone JH (2018) Why do temporal arteries go wrong? Principles and pearls from a clinician and a pathologist. Rheumatology 57:ii3\u2013ii10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/kex524","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"6009_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2023-224543","author":"C Dejaco","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dejaco C, Ramiro S, Bond M, Bosch P, Ponte C, Mackie SL, Bley TA, Blockmans D, Brolin S, Bolek EC et al (2023) EULAR recommendations for the use of imaging in large vessel vasculitis in clinical practice update. Ann Rheum Dis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ard-2023-224543","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"6009_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.7326\/ANNALS-24-02871","volume":"178","author":"G Denis","year":"2025","unstructured":"Denis G, Roncato C, Allix-B\u00e9guec C, Espitia O (2025) Diagnostic strategy using color doppler ultrasound of temporal arteries in patients with high clinical suspicion of Giant Cell Arteritis. Ann Intern Med 178:455\u2013456. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/ANNALS-24-02871","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"6009_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.7326\/ANNALS-24-02869","volume":"178","author":"WA Schmidt","year":"2025","unstructured":"Schmidt WA, Dejaco C (2025) Diagnostic strategy using color doppler ultrasound of temporal arteries in patients with high clinical suspicion of giant cell arteritis. Ann Intern Med 178:454. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/ANNALS-24-02869","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"6009_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.7326\/ANNALS-24-02867","volume":"178","author":"AI van Gessel","year":"2025","unstructured":"van Gessel AI, van Roon AM, van der Geest KSM, Mulder DJ (2025) Diagnostic strategy using color doppler ultrasound of temporal arteries in patients with high clinical suspicion of giant cell arteritis. Ann Intern Med 178:454\u2013455. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/ANNALS-24-02867","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"6009_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-216343","volume":"79","author":"KS van der Geest","year":"2020","unstructured":"van der Geest KS, Borg F, Kayani A, Paap D, Gondo P, Schmidt W, Luqmani RA, Dasgupta B (2020) Novel ultrasonographic Halo Score for giant cell arteritis: assessment of diagnostic accuracy and association with ocular ischaemia. Ann Rheum Dis 79:393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-216343","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"6009_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2024-004667","volume":"11","author":"C Duftner","year":"2025","unstructured":"Duftner C, Redlinger N, Bruyn GA, Chadachan V, Chrysidis S, Correyero M, D\u2019Agostino MA, Dalsgaard Nielsen B, Dasgupta B, De Miguel E et al (2025) Reliability of the OMERACT giant cell arteritis ultrasonography score (OGUS): results of a patient-based exercise involving experts and non-experts in vascular ultrasonography. RMD Open 11:e004667. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/rmdopen-2024-004667","journal-title":"RMD Open"}],"container-title":["Rheumatology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00296-025-06009-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00296-025-06009-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00296-025-06009-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T05:12:53Z","timestamp":1763615573000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00296-025-06009-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["6009"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-025-06009-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1437-160X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1437-160X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The research was carried out in compliance with the Helsinki Declaration. The ethics committee (Comit\u00e9 de Protection des Personnes Ouest III) approved protocol No. 15.11.52 for this study on January 30, 2016. Written informed consent was obtained from all study participants.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Written consent was obtained from all study participants.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}],"article-number":"260"}}