{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T16:28:40Z","timestamp":1790612920239,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765756800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rheumatol Int"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-025-06030-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T04:26:39Z","timestamp":1765772799000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["In vitro development and evaluation of chitosan\u2013cellulose nanocrystal microspheres for controlled dexamethasone delivery in rheumatoid arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9132-5122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veda B.","family":"Hacholli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7841-4599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samar M.","family":"Patil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5302-3797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Szeleszczuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. H.","family":"Prabhanjan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Sindhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. R.","family":"Shubha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Lavanya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Pramod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V. Kusum","family":"Devi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9176-7108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin","family":"Gackowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"6030_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Haidar G, Kudsi M, Khalayli N (2025) Efficacy and safety of subcutaneous golimumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in a sample of Syrian patients: a cohort study. Int J Surg Glob Heal 8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/gh9.0000000000000516","DOI":"10.1097\/gh9.0000000000000516"},{"key":"6030_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2024.106402","volume":"102","author":"J Fan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fan J, Li X, Jin M, Li C (2024) Synthesis and biological evaluation of gold nanoparticles drug delivery system for anti-rheumatoid arthritis agents. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 102:106402. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jddst.2024.106402","journal-title":"J Drug Deliv Sci Technol"},{"key":"6030_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1376925","author":"E Neofotistou-Themeli","year":"2024","unstructured":"Neofotistou-Themeli E, Goutakoli P, Chanis T et al (2024) Fibroblasts in rheumatoid arthritis: novel roles in joint inflammation and beyond. Front Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2024.1376925. 11:","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"6030_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.31138\/mjr.20230801.oo","volume":"34","author":"M Jahid","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jahid M, Khan KU, Rehan-Ul-Haq, Ahmed RS (2023) Overview of rheumatoid arthritis and scientific Understanding of the disease. Mediterr J Rheumatol 34:284. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31138\/mjr.20230801.oo","journal-title":"Mediterr J Rheumatol"},{"key":"6030_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.0786","volume":"327","author":"MH Smith","year":"2022","unstructured":"Smith MH, Berman JR (2022) What is rheumatoid arthritis? JAMA 327:1194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2022.0786","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"6030_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.3390\/applnano5040015","volume":"5","author":"JH Ahire","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ahire JH, Wang Q, Tao Y et al (2024) Amine-Terminated silver nanoparticles exhibit potential for selective targeting of Triple-Negative breast cancer. Appl Nano 5:227\u2013244. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/applnano5040015","journal-title":"Appl Nano"},{"key":"6030_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13090743","volume":"13","author":"J Perera","year":"2024","unstructured":"Perera J, Delrosso CA, Nerviani A, Pitzalis C (2024) Clinical Phenotypes, serological Biomarkers, and synovial features defining seropositive and seronegative rheumatoid arthritis: A literature review. Cells 13:743. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells13090743","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"6030_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e28127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e28127","volume":"10","author":"Y Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu Y, Jiang P, Qu Y et al (2024) Exosomes and Exosomal mirnas: A new avenue for the future treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Heliyon 10:e28127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e28127","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"6030_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11061","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-61950-2","volume":"14","author":"X Qi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Qi X, Fu J, Liu J et al (2024) Association between secondhand smoke exposure and rheumatoid arthritis in US never-smoking adults: a cross-sectional study from NHANES. Sci Rep 14:11061. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-61950-2","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"6030_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2022-223356","volume":"82","author":"JS Smolen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Smolen JS, Landew\u00e9 RBM, Bergstra SA et al (2023) EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: 2022 update. Ann Rheum Dis 82:3\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ard-2022-223356","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"6030_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2269","DOI":"10.1080\/10717544.2022.2096718","volume":"29","author":"Y-P Zhao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhao Y-P, Han J-F, Zhang F-Y et al (2022) Flexible nano-liposomes-based transdermal hydrogel for targeted delivery of dexamethasone for rheumatoid arthritis therapy. Drug Deliv 29:2269\u20132282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10717544.2022.2096718","journal-title":"Drug Deliv"},{"key":"6030_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/1710-1492-9-30","volume":"9","author":"D Liu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Liu D, Ahmet A, Ward L et al (2013) A practical guide to the monitoring and management of the complications of systemic corticosteroid therapy. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 9:30. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1710-1492-9-30","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol"},{"key":"6030_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mehta J, Rolta R, Mehta BB et al (2022) Role of dexamethasone and Methylprednisolone corticosteroids in coronavirus disease 2019 hospitalized patients: A review. Front Microbiol 13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2022.813358","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.813358"},{"key":"6030_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Benne N, ter Braake D, Porenta D et al (2024) Autoantigen-Dexamethasone Conjugate\u2010Loaded liposomes halt arthritis development in mice. Adv Healthc Mater 13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adhm.202304238","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202304238"},{"key":"6030_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-022-01477-8","volume":"20","author":"N Joudeh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Joudeh N, Linke D (2022) Nanoparticle classification, physicochemical properties, characterization, and applications: a comprehensive review for biologists. J Nanobiotechnol 20:262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12951-022-01477-8","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnol"},{"key":"6030_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26020765","volume":"26","author":"X Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li X (2025) Properties and applications of nanoparticles and nanomaterials. Int J Mol Sci 26:765. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms26020765","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"6030_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1007\/s10570-013-9954-y","volume":"20","author":"SP Akhlaghi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Akhlaghi SP, Berry RC, Tam KC (2013) Surface modification of cellulose nanocrystal with Chitosan oligosaccharide for drug delivery applications. Cellulose 20:1747\u20131764. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10570-013-9954-y","journal-title":"Cellulose"},{"key":"6030_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3479","DOI":"10.1039\/D2NA00229A","volume":"4","author":"S Nasra","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nasra S, Bhatia D, Kumar A (2022) Recent advances in nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems for rheumatoid arthritis treatment. Nanoscale Adv 4:3479\u20133494. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/D2NA00229A","journal-title":"Nanoscale Adv"},{"key":"6030_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1002\/ame2.12518","volume":"8","author":"MY Zamanian","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zamanian MY, Zafari H, Osminina MK et al (2025) Improving dexamethasone drug loading and efficacy in treating rheumatoid arthritis via liposome: focusing on inflammation and molecular mechanisms. Anim Model Exp Med 8:5\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ame2.12518","journal-title":"Anim Model Exp Med"},{"key":"6030_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20170","DOI":"10.1039\/D1NR05518F","volume":"13","author":"Y Song","year":"2021","unstructured":"Song Y, Ismail M, Shan Q et al (2021) ROS-mediated liposomal dexamethasone: a new FA-targeted nanoformulation to combat rheumatoid arthritis via inhibiting iRhom2\/TNF-\u03b1\/BAFF pathways. Nanoscale 13:20170\u201320185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/D1NR05518F","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"6030_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.17.00154","volume":"100","author":"PG Conaghan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Conaghan PG, Hunter DJ, Cohen SB et al (2018) Effects of a single Intra-Articular injection of a microsphere formulation of triamcinolone acetonide on knee osteoarthritis pain. J Bone Jt Surg 100:666\u2013677. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/JBJS.17.00154","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg"},{"key":"6030_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2017.10.003","volume":"26","author":"VB Kraus","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kraus VB, Conaghan PG, Aazami HA et al (2018) Synovial and systemic pharmacokinetics (PK) of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) following intra-articular (IA) injection of an extended-release microsphere-based formulation (FX006) or standard crystalline suspension in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Osteoarthr Cartil 26:34\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joca.2017.10.003","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"6030_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajps.2023.100777","volume":"18","author":"Y Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang Y, Luo S, Peng X et al (2023) An intra-articular injectable phospholipids\u2010based gel for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Asian J Pharm Sci 18:100777. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajps.2023.100777","journal-title":"Asian J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"6030_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.34172\/ahj.1549","volume":"16","author":"WFS Badulla","year":"2024","unstructured":"Badulla WFS, Bamahmood ES, Banafa SH (2024) Spectroscopic screening of dexamethasone and Cyproheptadine adulteration in weight gaining products marketed in Aden, Yemen. Addict Heal 16:178\u2013187. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34172\/ahj.1549","journal-title":"Addict Heal"},{"key":"6030_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2779","DOI":"10.1007\/s10904-021-01936-z","volume":"31","author":"ASA Raboh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Raboh ASA, El-khooly MS, Hassaan MY (2021) Bioactivity and drug release study of dexamethasone loaded Bioglass\/Chitosan composites for biomedical applications. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 31:2779\u20132790. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10904-021-01936-z","journal-title":"J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater"},{"key":"6030_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2020.105353","volume":"70","author":"N Pandi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pandi N, Sonawane SH, Anand Kishore K (2021) Synthesis of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from cotton using ultrasound-assisted acid hydrolysis. Ultrason Sonochem 70:105353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2020.105353","journal-title":"Ultrason Sonochem"},{"key":"6030_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30020252","volume":"30","author":"Y P\u00e9rez-Pacheco","year":"2025","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez-Pacheco Y, Tylkowski B, Garc\u00eda-Valls R (2025) Chitosan Micro\/Nanocapsules in action: linking Design, Production, and therapeutic application. Molecules 30:252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules30020252","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"6030_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipha.2023.10.010","volume":"2","author":"H Jaiswal","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jaiswal H, Ansari MT, Mahmood T et al (2024) Aceclofenac loaded microspheres: formulation and evaluation of novel preprogrammed drug delivery for the treatment of arthritis. Intell Pharm 2:69\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ipha.2023.10.010","journal-title":"Intell Pharm"},{"key":"6030_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13091347","volume":"13","author":"S Kotta","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kotta S, Aldawsari HM, Badr-Eldin SM et al (2021) Lung targeted lipopolymeric microspheres of dexamethasone for the treatment of ARDS. Pharmaceutics 13:1347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmaceutics13091347","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"6030_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2018.11.012","volume":"49","author":"M Thing","year":"2019","unstructured":"Thing M, Mertz N, \u00c5g\u00e5rdh L et al (2019) Simulated synovial fluids for in vitro drug and prodrug release testing of depot injectables intended for joint injection. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 49:169\u2013176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jddst.2018.11.012","journal-title":"J Drug Deliv Sci Technol"},{"key":"6030_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang C, Lopez-Vidal L, Wang J et al (2024) Mucoadhesive Itraconazole nanocrystals with precise control of surface charge incorporated to Chitosan films for buccal drug delivery. Adv Ther 7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adtp.202400209","DOI":"10.1002\/adtp.202400209"},{"key":"6030_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsamd.2024.100751","volume":"9","author":"M Hadadian","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hadadian M, Allahyari R, Mahdavi B, Mohammadhosseini M (2024) Comparative study of \u03b2-cyclodextrin and carboxymethyl-\u03b2-cyclodextrin as effective drug delivery systems for oxymetholone: Design, preparation, characterization, phase solubility and in vitro drug release studies. J Sci Adv Mater Devices 9:100751. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsamd.2024.100751","journal-title":"J Sci Adv Mater Devices"},{"key":"6030_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0928-0987(01)00095-1","volume":"13","author":"P Costa","year":"2001","unstructured":"Costa P, Sousa Lobo JM (2001) Modeling and comparison of dissolution profiles. Eur J Pharm Sci 13:123\u2013133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0928-0987(01)00095-1","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"6030_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5173(83)90064-9","volume":"15","author":"RW Korsmeyer","year":"1983","unstructured":"Korsmeyer RW, Gurny R, Doelker E et al (1983) Mechanisms of solute release from porous hydrophilic polymers. Int J Pharm 15:25\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0378-5173(83)90064-9","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"6030_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-3659(87)90034-4","volume":"5","author":"PL Ritger","year":"1987","unstructured":"Ritger PL, Peppas NA (1987) A simple equation for description of solute release I. Fickian and non-fickian release from non-swellable devices in the form of slabs, spheres, cylinders or discs. J Control Release 5:23\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0168-3659(87)90034-4","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"6030_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-0707.136338","volume":"17","author":"J Krithikadatta","year":"2014","unstructured":"Krithikadatta J, Datta M, Gopikrishna V (2014) CRIS guidelines (Checklist for reporting In-vitro Studies): A concept note on the need for standardized guidelines for improving quality and transparency in reporting in-vitro studies in experimental dental research. J Conserv Dent 17:301. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0972-0707.136338","journal-title":"J Conserv Dent"},{"key":"6030_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Macleod M, Collings AM, Graf C et al (2021) The MDAR (Materials design analysis Reporting) framework for transparent reporting in the life sciences. Proc Natl Acad Sci 118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2103238118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2103238118"},{"key":"6030_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2023.103437","volume":"23","author":"M Cutolo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cutolo M, Shoenfeld Y, Bogdanos DP et al (2024) To treat or not to treat rheumatoid arthritis with glucocorticoids? A reheated debate. Autoimmun Rev 23:103437. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autrev.2023.103437","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"6030_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-024-05544-1","volume":"44","author":"L Larkin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Larkin L, McKenna S, Pyne T et al (2024) Promoting physical activity in rheumatoid arthritis through a physiotherapist led behaviour change-based intervention (PIPPRA): a feasibility randomised trial. Rheumatol Int 44:779\u2013793. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-024-05544-1","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"6030_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-023-05466-4","volume":"44","author":"T Thomsen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Thomsen T, Aadahl M, Hetland ML, Esbensen BA (2023) Physical activity guidance in the rheumatology clinic\u2014what matters for patients with rheumatoid arthritis? A qualitative study. Rheumatol Int 44:181\u2013189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-023-05466-4","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"6030_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-023-05501-4","volume":"44","author":"V Mihaylova","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mihaylova V, Kazakova M, Batalov Z et al (2023) JAK inhibitors improve ATP production and mitochondrial function in rheumatoid arthritis: a pilot study. Rheumatol Int 44:57\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-023-05501-4","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"6030_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-024-05633-1","volume":"44","author":"L Ramos-Petersen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ramos-Petersen L, Reinoso-Cobo A, Ortega-Avila A-B et al (2024) A clinical practice guideline for the management of the foot and ankle in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int 44:1381\u20131393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-024-05633-1","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"6030_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.3390\/nano9020253","volume":"9","author":"Q Xu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xu Q, Ji Y, Sun Q et al (2019) Fabrication of cellulose Nanocrystal\/Chitosan hydrogel for controlled drug release. Nanomaterials 9:253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nano9020253","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"6030_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2648","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14132648","volume":"14","author":"Y Huo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huo Y, Liu Y, Xia M et al (2022) Nanocellulose-Based composite materials used in drug delivery systems. Polym (Basel) 14:2648. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/polym14132648","journal-title":"Polym (Basel)"},{"key":"6030_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15041313","volume":"15","author":"N Desai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Desai N, Rana D, Salave S et al (2023) Chitosan: A potential biopolymer in drug delivery and biomedical applications. Pharmaceutics 15:1313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmaceutics15041313","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"6030_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1038\/s42004-023-00829-1","volume":"6","author":"B Farasati Far","year":"2023","unstructured":"Farasati Far B, Omrani M, Naimi Jamal MR, Javanshir S (2023) Multi-responsive chitosan-based hydrogels for controlled release of vincristine. Commun Chem 6:28. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42004-023-00829-1","journal-title":"Commun Chem"},{"key":"6030_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-023-05333-2","volume":"43","author":"M Ausserwinkler","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ausserwinkler M, Neumann HJ, Wernly B (2023) Rheumatoid arthritis and cardiovascular risk: keep it simple and compassionate. Rheumatol Int 43:1557\u20131558. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-023-05333-2","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"6030_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-409X(01)00112-0","volume":"48","author":"J Siepmann","year":"2001","unstructured":"Siepmann J (2001) Modeling of drug release from delivery systems based on hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC). Adv Drug Deliv Rev 48:139\u2013157. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0169-409X(01)00112-0","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"key":"6030_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42928","volume":"76","author":"BW Coburn","year":"2024","unstructured":"Coburn BW, Baker JF, Hsu JY et al (2024) Association of cardiovascular outcomes with Low-Dose glucocorticoid prescription in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 76:1585\u20131593. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.42928","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"6030_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2023-224185","volume":"82","author":"H So","year":"2023","unstructured":"So H, Lam TO, Meng H et al (2023) Time and dose-dependent effect of systemic glucocorticoids on major adverse cardiovascular event in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based study. Ann Rheum Dis 82:1387\u20131393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ard-2023-224185","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"6030_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2473","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-024-05713-2","volume":"44","author":"W Xie","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xie W, Huang H, Geng Y et al (2024) Current practice, trends and attitudes of rheumatologists towards glucocorticoids use for rheumatoid arthritis (GURANTEE): a National cross-sectional survey across China. Rheumatol Int 44:2473\u20132482. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-024-05713-2","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"6030_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2021.12.007","volume":"341","author":"JM Metselaar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Metselaar JM, Middelink LM, Wortel CH et al (2022) Intravenous pegylated liposomal prednisolone outperforms intramuscular Methylprednisolone in treating rheumatoid arthritis flares: A randomized controlled clinical trial. J Control Release 341:548\u2013554. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jconrel.2021.12.007","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"6030_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-021-02696-4","volume":"24","author":"H Brouwers","year":"2022","unstructured":"Brouwers H, von Hegedus JH, van der Linden E et al (2022) Hyaluronidase treatment of synovial fluid is required for accurate detection of inflammatory cells and soluble mediators. Arthritis Res Ther 24:18. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13075-021-02696-4","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"}],"container-title":["Rheumatology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00296-025-06030-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00296-025-06030-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00296-025-06030-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T15:14:21Z","timestamp":1771427661000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00296-025-06030-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["6030"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-025-06030-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1437-160X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1437-160X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"Not required.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Patient consent for publication"}}],"article-number":"12"}}