{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T04:32:06Z","timestamp":1791433926545,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":114,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773273600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014584","name":"Universit\u00e4tsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universit\u00e4t Mainz","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014584","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rheumatol Int"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Early detection of arthritis in autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs) is critical to prevent irreversible damage. Joint ultrasound (US) offers high sensitivity and availability in a routine clinical practice. However, US is limited by examiner dependency and resource requirements. Infrared thermography (IRT) is a non-invasive, radiation-free method to examine surface temperature alterations linked to arthritis. Although promising, its diagnostic performance relative to joint US remains incompletely defined. The aim of this review was to examine the literature on IRT and its relationship to joint US. We conducted a systematic review of PubMed, Web of Science, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) for studies published between January 2000 and December 2025. Studies were included if they assessed arthritic conditions using both IRT and US. Data on patient cohorts, assessment methods, findings, and diagnostic accuracy were extracted. Of 945 records, 19 studies met the inclusion criteria, primarily in rheumatoid arthritis (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200913) and mixed populations (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20094). IRT consistently differentiated inflamed from healthy joints. Sensitivity detecting arthritis ranged from 79 to 100%, specificity from 51 to 94%. Methods varied from basic temperature measures to advanced approaches, including algorithmic segmentation and machine learning-based scores such as ThermoJIS and ThermoDAI. Despite methodological differences, IRT demonstrated reproducible results and was particularly effective in detecting subclinical synovitis. IRT shows strong potential as a complementary, examiner-independent tool for detecting and monitoring joint inflammation in ARDs. Its consistent correlation with US suggests that IRT could serve as a useful adjunct in rheumatologic diagnostics. Future studies with standardized protocols are needed to establish its clinical utility.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-026-06093-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T12:25:34Z","timestamp":1773318334000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Infrared thermography in the detection of arthritis: a systematic review of diagnostic performance compared with joint ultrasound"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5395-3222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julian","family":"Bastelberger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Clasen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4017-123X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Geber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4729-0044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Offenb\u00e4cher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2982-8253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca","family":"Hasseli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9258-2954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel Dias","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0566-598X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Schwarting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8764-2636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Triantafyllias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"6093_CR1","first-page":"1","volume":"80","author":"JJ Cush","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cush JJ (2007) Early rheumatoid arthritis -- is there a window of opportunity? J Rheumatol Suppl 80:1\u20137","journal-title":"J Rheumatol Suppl"},{"key":"6093_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40064-016-2066-z","volume":"5","author":"K Triantafyllias","year":"2016","unstructured":"Triantafyllias K, De Blasi M, Hoffmann I, Thomaidis T, Drees P, Schwarting A (2016) The count of tender rather than swollen joints correlates with aortic stiffness in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Springerplus 5:428. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40064-016-2066-z","journal-title":"Springerplus"},{"issue":"4","key":"6093_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1007\/s40744-024-00676-z","volume":"11","author":"K Triantafyllias","year":"2024","unstructured":"Triantafyllias K, Liverakos S, Muthuraman M, Cavagna L, Parodis I, Schwarting A (2024) Cardiovascular risk evaluation in psoriatic arthritis by aortic stiffness and the Systemic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE): results of the prospective PSOCARD cohort study. Rheumatol Ther 11(4):897\u2013911. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40744-024-00676-z","journal-title":"Rheumatol Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"6093_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-025-05868-6","volume":"45","author":"O Konal","year":"2025","unstructured":"Konal O, B\u00f6len F, G\u00fcven\u00e7 TS, Pehlivan \u00d6, Bat\u0131bay S, \u00d6zcan FB et al (2025) Gout and rheumatoid arthritis are associated with subclinical vascular damage, reduced brachial vasoreactivity and coronary microvascular dysfunction: a case-control study. Rheumatol Int 45(5):117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-025-05868-6","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"6093_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-024-05781-4","volume":"45","author":"M Ausserwinkler","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ausserwinkler M, Gensluckner S, Frey V, Gostner I, Paulweber B, Trinka E et al (2025) Cerebrovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis patients: insights from carotid artery atherosclerosis in the Paracelsus 10,000 study. Rheumatol Int 45(2):33. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-024-05781-4","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"9","key":"6093_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-024-05556-x","volume":"44","author":"K Kaleta","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kaleta K, Krupa J, Suchy W, Sopel A, Korkosz M, Nowakowski J (2024) Endothelial dysfunction and risk factors for atherosclerosis in psoriatic arthritis: overview and comparison with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int 44(9):1587\u20131606. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-024-05556-x","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"6093_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-022-05187-0","volume":"43","author":"A Jain","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jain A, Joseph S, James J, James TS, Kumar K, Raza K et al (2023) Delay in diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis: reasons and trends over a decade. Rheumatol Int 43(3):503\u2013508. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-022-05187-0","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"12","key":"6093_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-025-06032-w","volume":"45","author":"Y Fedorchenko","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fedorchenko Y, Suigenbayev D, Sagtaganov Z, Imanbayeva N, Mahmudzoda K (2025) Myocardial infarction in rheumatic diseases. Rheumatol Int 45(12):270. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-025-06032-w","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"6093_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.820263","volume":"9","author":"A Mandel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mandel A, Schwarting A, Cavagna L, Triantafyllias K (2022) Novel surrogate markers of cardiovascular risk in the setting of autoimmune rheumatic diseases: current data and implications for the future. Front Med (Lausanne) 9:820263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2022.820263","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"6093_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13111870","author":"K Triantafyllias","year":"2023","unstructured":"Triantafyllias K, Thiele LE, Cavagna L, Baraliakos X, Bertsias G, Schwarting A (2023) Arterial stiffness as a surrogate marker of cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis in patients with arthritides and connective tissue diseases: a literature review. Diagnostics. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics13111870","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"issue":"5","key":"6093_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-025-05865-9","volume":"45","author":"S Bour","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bour S, Goossens L, Khidir S, Jong P, Rutten-van M\u00f6lken M et al (2025) The natural course of health-related quality of life in patients with clinically suspect arthralgia: a longitudinal study in progressors and non-progressors to rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int. 45(5):112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-025-05865-9","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int."},{"issue":"2","key":"6093_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-022-05226-w","volume":"43","author":"AB Blanken","year":"2023","unstructured":"Blanken AB, Raadsen R, Agca R, van Sijl AM, Smulders YM, Nurmohamed MT (2023) Effect of anti-inflammatory therapy on vascular biomarkers for subclinical cardiovascular disease in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Rheumatol Int 43(2):315\u2013322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-022-05226-w","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"6093_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-022-05245-7","volume":"43","author":"T Zoubi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zoubi T, Gordon H (2023) Systematic review of associations between concomitant rheumatoid arthritis and peripheral arterial disease, health-related quality of life and functional capacity. Rheumatol Int 43(2):221\u2013232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-022-05245-7","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"6093_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-025-05851-1","volume":"45","author":"P Kuszmiersz","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kuszmiersz P, Gu\u0142a Z, Strach M, Nowakowski J, Biedro\u0144 G, Brkic A et al (2025) Work productivity and activity impairment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and axial spondyloarthritis: a comparative analysis from the POLNOR-Rheuma cohort. Rheumatol Int 45(5):96. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-025-05851-1","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"10","key":"6093_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-024-05639-9","volume":"44","author":"CW Hansen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hansen CW, N\u00f8rgaard MW, de Thurah A, Midtgaard J, Cromhout PF, Esbensen BA (2024) Significant others in inflammatory arthritis: roles, influences, and challenges-a scoping review. Rheumatol Int 44(10):1849\u20131859. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-024-05639-9","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"6093_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2019.102400","volume":"110","author":"HU Scherer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Scherer HU, H\u00e4upl T, Burmester GR (2020) The etiology of rheumatoid arthritis. J Autoimmun 110:102400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaut.2019.102400","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"6093_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-9199-jvatitd-2020-0147","volume":"27","author":"JM Cavaillon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cavaillon JM (2021) Once upon a time, inflammation. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 27:e20200147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/1678-9199-jvatitd-2020-0147","journal-title":"J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"7203","key":"6093_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07201","volume":"454","author":"R Medzhitov","year":"2008","unstructured":"Medzhitov R (2008) Origin and physiological roles of inflammation. Nature 454(7203):428\u2013435. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature07201","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"6093_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.45.4.277","volume":"45","author":"M de Silva","year":"1986","unstructured":"de Silva M, Kyle V, Hazleman B, Salisbury R, Page Thomas P, Wraight P (1986) Assessment of inflammation in the rheumatoid knee joint: correlation between clinical, radioisotopic, and thermographic methods. Ann Rheum Dis 45(4):277\u2013280. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ard.45.4.277","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"6093_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/s13246-019-00726-9","volume":"42","author":"S Bardhan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bardhan S, Bhowmik MK (2019) 2-stage classification of knee joint thermograms for rheumatoid arthritis prediction in subclinical inflammation. Australas Phys Eng Sci Med 42(1):259\u2013277. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13246-019-00726-9","journal-title":"Australas Phys Eng Sci Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"6093_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/s0009-9260(76)80153-5","volume":"27","author":"AJ Collins","year":"1976","unstructured":"Collins AJ, Ring F, Bacon PA, Brookshaw JD (1976) Thermography and radiology complimentary methods for the study of inflammatory diseases. Clin Radiol 27(2):237\u2013243. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0009-9260(76)80153-5","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"6093_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-8389(22)02840-8","volume":"3","author":"J Gershon-Cohen","year":"1965","unstructured":"Gershon-Cohen J, Haberman-Brueschke JA, Brueschke EE (1965) Medical thermography: a summary of current status. Radiol Clin North Am 3(3):403\u2013431","journal-title":"Radiol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"6093_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1080\/03091900600711332","volume":"30","author":"EF Ring","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ring EF (2006) The historical development of thermometry and thermal imaging in medicine. J Med Eng Technol 30(4):192\u2013198. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03091900600711332","journal-title":"J Med Eng Technol"},{"issue":"3","key":"6093_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R33","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/33\/3\/r33","volume":"33","author":"EF Ring","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ring EF, Ammer K (2012) Infrared thermal imaging in medicine. Physiol Meas 33(3):R33-46. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/0967-3334\/33\/3\/r33","journal-title":"Physiol Meas"},{"issue":"3","key":"6093_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.2478\/s11772-012-0037-7","volume":"20","author":"A Rogalski","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rogalski A (2012) History of infrared detectors. Opto-Electron Rev 20(3):279\u2013308. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/s11772-012-0037-7","journal-title":"Opto-Electron Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"6093_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keg009","volume":"43","author":"EF Ring","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ring EF (2004) The historical development of thermal imaging in medicine. Rheumatology (Oxford) 43(6):800\u2013802. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/keg009","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"4","key":"6093_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.29.4.386","volume":"29","author":"AJ Collins","year":"1970","unstructured":"Collins AJ, Cosh JA (1970) Temperature and biochemical studies of joint inflammation. A preliminary investigation. Ann Rheum Dis 29(4):386\u2013392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ard.29.4.386","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"6093_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/10.7.337","volume":"10","author":"EF Ring","year":"1970","unstructured":"Ring EF, Collins AJ (1970) Quantitative thermography. Rheumatol Phys Med 10(7):337\u2013341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/10.7.337","journal-title":"Rheumatol Phys Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"6093_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.42.5.494","volume":"42","author":"RS Salisbury","year":"1983","unstructured":"Salisbury RS, Parr G, De Silva M, Hazleman BL, Page-Thomas DP (1983) Heat distribution over normal and abnormal joints: thermal pattern and quantification. Ann Rheum Dis 42(5):494\u2013499. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ard.42.5.494","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"6093_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59122139","author":"D Kesztyues","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kesztyues D, Brucher S, Wilson C, Kesztyues T, Brioschi ML (2023) Use of infrared thermography in medical diagnosis, screening, and disease monitoring: a scoping review. Medicina-Lithuania. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina59122139","journal-title":"Medicina-Lithuania."},{"key":"6093_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2019.105074","volume":"183","author":"D Singh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Singh D, Singh AK (2020) Role of image thermography in early breast cancer detection- past, present and future. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 183:105074. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmpb.2019.105074","journal-title":"Comput Methods Programs Biomed"},{"issue":"1","key":"6093_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-024-02708-9","volume":"13","author":"A Go\u00f1i-Arana","year":"2024","unstructured":"Go\u00f1i-Arana A, P\u00e9rez-Mart\u00edn J, D\u00edez FJ (2024) Breast thermography: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev 13(1):295. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13643-024-02708-9","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"6093_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1177\/1534735408326171","volume":"8","author":"DA Kennedy","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kennedy DA, Lee T, Seely D (2009) A comparative review of thermography as a breast cancer screening technique. Integr Cancer Ther 8(1):9\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1534735408326171","journal-title":"Integr Cancer Ther"},{"key":"6093_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s22093327","author":"J Verstockt","year":"2022","unstructured":"Verstockt J, Verspeek S, Thiessen F, Tjalma WA, Brochez L, Steenackers G (2022) Skin cancer detection using infrared thermography: measurement setup, procedure and equipment. Sensors. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s22093327","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"1","key":"6093_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.15598","volume":"23","author":"D Keszty\u00fcs","year":"2025","unstructured":"Keszty\u00fcs D, Bae H, Wilson C, Sch\u00f6n MP, Keszty\u00fcs T (2025) Non-invasive infrared thermography for screening, diagnosis and monitoring of skin cancer. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 23(1):7\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ddg.15598","journal-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Ges"},{"issue":"4","key":"6093_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infrared.2012.03.007","volume":"55","author":"BB Lahiri","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lahiri BB, Bagavathiappan S, Jayakumar T, Philip J (2012) Medical applications of infrared thermography: a review. Infrared Phys Technol 55(4):221\u2013235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.infrared.2012.03.007","journal-title":"Infrared Phys Technol"},{"key":"6093_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s24010252","author":"M Faus Camarena","year":"2023","unstructured":"Faus Camarena M, Izquierdo-Renau M, Julian-Rochina I, Arr\u00e9bola M, Miralles M (2023) Update on the use of infrared thermography in the early detection of diabetic foot complications: a bibliographic review. Sensors (Basel). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s24010252","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"issue":"4","key":"6093_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtv.2024.06.018","volume":"33","author":"D Thakku Sivakumar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Thakku Sivakumar D, Murray B, Moore Z, Patton D, O\u2019Connor T, Avsar P (2024) Can thermography predict diabetic foot ulcer risk in patients with diabetes mellitus? A systematic review. J Tissue Viability 33(4):530\u2013541. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtv.2024.06.018","journal-title":"J Tissue Viability"},{"key":"6093_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12123007","author":"G Piva","year":"2022","unstructured":"Piva G, Crepaldi A, Zenunaj G, Caruso L, Rinaldo N, Gasbarro V et al (2022) The value of infrared thermography to assess foot and limb perfusion in relation to medical, surgical, exercise or pharmacological interventions in peripheral artery disease: a systematic review. Diagnostics. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics12123007","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"issue":"43","key":"6093_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000035639","volume":"102","author":"TM Djajakusumah","year":"2023","unstructured":"Djajakusumah TM, Candrawinata VS, Ho JP, Herman H, Lukman K, Lesmana R (2023) The predictive value of infrared thermal imaging (IRT) for peripheral artery disease: a systematic review. Medicine (Baltimore) 102(43):e35639. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/md.0000000000035639","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"2_suppl","key":"6093_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1790s","DOI":"10.1177\/19476035211063862","volume":"13","author":"G Schiavon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schiavon G, Capone G, Frize M, Zaffagnini S, Candrian C, Filardo G (2021) Infrared thermography for the evaluation of inflammatory and degenerative joint diseases: a systematic review. Cartilage 13(2_suppl):1790s-s1801. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/19476035211063862","journal-title":"Cartilage"},{"issue":"2","key":"6093_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.31138\/mjr.271024.ita","volume":"36","author":"N Nallathambi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nallathambi N, Bisaralli R, Naidu SP, Mallikarjunaswamy MS, Praveen P, Mamadapur M (2025) Clinical application of infrared thermography in rheumatic diseases: a systematic review. Mediterr J Rheumatol 36(2):159\u2013192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31138\/mjr.271024.ita","journal-title":"Mediterr J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6093_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.5114\/reum.2017.66686","volume":"55","author":"M Chojnowski","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chojnowski M (2017) Infrared thermal imaging in connective tissue diseases. Reumatologia 55(1):38\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5114\/reum.2017.66686","journal-title":"Reumatologia"},{"issue":"2 Suppl 71","key":"6093_CR44","first-page":"S103","volume":"30","author":"JD Pauling","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pauling JD, Shipley JA, Harris ND, McHugh NJ (2012) Use of infrared thermography as an endpoint in therapeutic trials of Raynaud\u2019s phenomenon and systemic sclerosis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 30(2 Suppl 71):S103\u2013S115","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"6093_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1097\/bor.0000000000000826","volume":"33","author":"AL Herrick","year":"2021","unstructured":"Herrick AL (2021) Raynaud\u2019s phenomenon and digital ulcers: advances in evaluation and management. Curr Opin Rheumatol 33(6):453\u2013462. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/bor.0000000000000826","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"6093_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-014-3025-z","volume":"34","author":"Y Kamata","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kamata Y, Minota S (2014) Effects of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors on Raynaud\u2019s phenomenon. Rheumatol Int 34(11):1623\u20131626. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-014-3025-z","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"6093_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2005.07.004","volume":"31","author":"A Boonen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Boonen A, van der Heijde D (2005) Conventional x-ray in early arthritis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 31(4):681\u2013698. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rdc.2005.07.004","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin North Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"6093_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2007.07.016","volume":"5","author":"L Parker","year":"2008","unstructured":"Parker L, Nazarian LN, Carrino JA, Morrison WB, Grimaldi G, Frangos AJ et al (2008) Musculoskeletal imaging: medicare use, costs, and potential for cost substitution. J Am Coll Radiol 5(3):182\u2013188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacr.2007.07.016","journal-title":"J Am Coll Radiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"6093_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-019-01014-y","volume":"124","author":"M \u00d8stergaard","year":"2019","unstructured":"\u00d8stergaard M, Boesen M (2019) Imaging in rheumatoid arthritis: the role of magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography. Radiol Med 124(11):1128\u20131141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11547-019-01014-y","journal-title":"Radiol Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"6093_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101850","volume":"37","author":"S Koppikar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Koppikar S, Diaz P, Kaeley GS, Eder L (2023) Seeing is believing: smart use of musculoskeletal ultrasound in rheumatology practice. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 37(1):101850. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101850","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"6093_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4590","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keac261","volume":"61","author":"E Silvagni","year":"2022","unstructured":"Silvagni E, Zandonella Callegher S, Mauric E, Chiricolo S, Schreiber N, Tullio A et al (2022) Musculoskeletal ultrasound for treating rheumatoid arthritis to target-a systematic literature review. Rheumatology (Oxford) 61(12):4590\u20134602. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/keac261","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"8","key":"6093_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-020-00911-w","volume":"22","author":"A Di Matteo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Di Matteo A, Mankia K, Azukizawa M, Wakefield RJ (2020) The role of musculoskeletal ultrasound in the rheumatoid arthritis continuum. Curr Rheumatol Rep 22(8):41. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11926-020-00911-w","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"6093_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-016-3587-z","volume":"37","author":"PR Lage-Hansen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lage-Hansen PR, Lindegaard H, Chrysidis S, Terslev L (2017) The role of ultrasound in diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis, what do we know? An updated review. Rheumatol Int 37(2):179\u2013187. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-016-3587-z","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"10","key":"6093_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-018-4131-0","volume":"38","author":"T Sapundzhieva","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sapundzhieva T, Karalilova R, Batalov A (2018) Musculoskeletal ultrasound for predicting remission in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: results from a 1-year prospective study. Rheumatol Int 38(10):1891\u20131899. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-018-4131-0","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"6093_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-015-3394-y","volume":"36","author":"J Uson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Uson J, Migu\u00e9lez-S\u00e1nchez R, de Los Riscos M, Mart\u00ednez-Blasco MJ, Fern\u00e1ndez-Espartero C, Villaverde-Garc\u00eda V et al (2016) Elbow clinical, ultrasonographic and radiographic study in patients with inflammatory joint diseases. Rheumatol Int 36(3):377\u2013386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-015-3394-y","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"6093_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-011-2297-9","volume":"33","author":"MA Ch\u00e1vez-L\u00f3pez","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ch\u00e1vez-L\u00f3pez MA, Hern\u00e1ndez-D\u00edaz C, Moya C, Pineda C, Ventura-R\u00edos L, M\u00f6ller I et al (2013) Inter- and intra-observer agreement of high-resolution ultrasonography and power Doppler in assessment of joint inflammation and bone erosions in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int 33(1):173\u2013177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-011-2297-9","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"6093_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-017-3689-2","volume":"37","author":"C D\u00edaz-Torn\u00e9","year":"2017","unstructured":"D\u00edaz-Torn\u00e9 C, Moragues C, Toniolo E, Geli C, Castellv\u00ed I, Moya P et al (2017) Impact of ultrasonography on treatment decision in rheumatoid arthritis: the IMPULSAR study. Rheumatol Int 37(6):891\u2013896. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-017-3689-2","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"9","key":"6093_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.190650","volume":"47","author":"K Triantafyllias","year":"2020","unstructured":"Triantafyllias K, Heller C, de Blasi M, Galle PR, Schwarting A (2020) Diagnostic value of optical spectral transmission in rheumatoid arthritis: associations with clinical characteristics and comparison with joint ultrasonography. J Rheumatol 47(9):1314\u20131322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3899\/jrheum.190650","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"6093_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.24607","volume":"74","author":"MMA Verhoeven","year":"2022","unstructured":"Verhoeven MMA, Westgeest AAA, Schwarting A, Jacobs JWG, Heller C, van Laar JM et al (2022) Development and validation of rheumatoid arthritis disease activity indices including HandScan (optical spectral transmission) scores. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 74(9):1493\u20131499. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acr.24607","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"issue":"1","key":"6093_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-023-03023-9","volume":"25","author":"K Triantafyllias","year":"2023","unstructured":"Triantafyllias K, Marinoska T, Heller C, de Blasi M, Muthuraman M, Schwarting A (2023) Optical spectral transmission to assess glucocorticoid therapy response in patients with arthritis: a longitudinal follow-up comparison with joint ultrasound. Arthritis Res Ther 25(1):47. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13075-023-03023-9","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"6093_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3319","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaf007","volume":"64","author":"K Triantafyllias","year":"2025","unstructured":"Triantafyllias K, Alhaddad M, Baraliakos X, Muthuraman M, Schwarting A (2025) Optical spectral transmission to monitor disease activity in arthritis patients: longitudinal follow-up comparison with clinical parameters. Rheumatology (Oxford) 64(6):3319\u20133327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaf007","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"1","key":"6093_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-025-03478-y","volume":"27","author":"K Triantafyllias","year":"2025","unstructured":"Triantafyllias K, Alhaddad M, Schwarting A, Balaklytska V, Baraliakos X (2025) Diagnostic performance of optical spectral transmission compared to magnetic resonance imaging in patients with inflammatory arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 27(1):17. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13075-025-03478-y","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"6093_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-024-03400-y","volume":"26","author":"K Triantafyllias","year":"2024","unstructured":"Triantafyllias K, Altamimi KK, Schederecker F, Schwarting A (2024) Increased predictive value of optical spectral transmission in early rheumatoid arthritis through use of patient-adjusted cut-off scores. Arthritis Res Ther 26(1):165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13075-024-03400-y","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"6093_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaf480","author":"K Triantafyllias","year":"2025","unstructured":"Triantafyllias K, Liverakos S, Baraliakos X, Schwarting A (2025) Inflammation assessment in psoriatic arthritis via optical spectral transmission: correlations with clinical markers and musculoskeletal ultrasound. Rheumatology (Oxford). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaf480","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"2","key":"6093_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1080\/03009742.2023.2177382","volume":"53","author":"AB Blanken","year":"2024","unstructured":"Blanken AB, Korteweg M, van Boheemen L, van Vollenhoven RF, Nurmohamed MT, van der Laken CJ (2024) Clinical evaluation of optical spectral transmission imaging for detection of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol 53(2):85\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03009742.2023.2177382","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"6093_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.Jbo.17.8.081420","volume":"17","author":"AJ Meier","year":"2012","unstructured":"Meier AJ, Rensen WH, de Bokx PK, de Nijs RN (2012) Potential of optical spectral transmission measurements for joint inflammation measurements in rheumatoid arthritis patients. J Biomed Opt 17(8):081420. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1117\/1.Jbo.17.8.081420","journal-title":"J Biomed Opt"},{"key":"6093_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2020-001497","author":"S Ohrndorf","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ohrndorf S, Glimm AM, Ammitzb\u00f8ll-Danielsen M, Ostergaard M, Burmester GR (2021) Fluorescence optical imaging: ready for prime time? RMD Open. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/rmdopen-2020-001497","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"6093_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.3109\/03008207.2015.1012586","volume":"56","author":"MD Slooter","year":"2015","unstructured":"Slooter MD, Bierau K, Chan AB, L\u00f6wik CW (2015) Near infrared fluorescence imaging for early detection, monitoring and improved intervention of diseases involving the joint. Connect Tissue Res 56(2):153\u2013160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/03008207.2015.1012586","journal-title":"Connect Tissue Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"6093_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1080\/03091900512331333158","volume":"29","author":"LJ Jiang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jiang LJ, Ng EY, Yeo AC, Wu S, Pan F, Yau WY et al (2005) A perspective on medical infrared imaging. J Med Eng Technol 29(6):257\u2013267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03091900512331333158","journal-title":"J Med Eng Technol"},{"issue":"3","key":"6093_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.035246","volume":"65","author":"M Brenner","year":"2006","unstructured":"Brenner M, Braun C, Oster M, Gulko PS (2006) Thermal signature analysis as a novel method for evaluating inflammatory arthritis activity. Ann Rheum Dis 65(3):306\u2013311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ard.2004.035246","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"6093_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2022.105496","volume":"90","author":"J Kow","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kow J, Tan YK (2023) An update on thermal imaging in rheumatoid arthritis. Joint Bone Spine 90(3):105496. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbspin.2022.105496","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"issue":"3","key":"6093_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-025-05810-w","volume":"45","author":"Y Yemeshev","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yemeshev Y, Nurmashev B, Zimba O, Kocyigit BF (2025) Clinical implications of teleradiology in rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases: improving rheumatic care. Rheumatol Int 45(3):51. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-025-05810-w","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"6093_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-022-05263-5","volume":"43","author":"BF Seppen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Seppen BF, Wiegel J, Nurmohamed MT, Bos WH, ter Wee MM (2023) Facilitators and barriers to adhere to monitoring disease activity with ePROs: a focus group study in patients with inflammatory arthritis. Rheumatol Int 43(4):677\u2013685. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-022-05263-5","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"12","key":"6093_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-025-06023-x","volume":"45","author":"H Labinsky","year":"2025","unstructured":"Labinsky H, Klemm P, Graalmann L, Thiele T, Hornig J, Fink D et al (2025) Patient experiences, attitudes, and profiles regarding artificial intelligence in rheumatology: a German national cross-sectional survey study. Rheumatol Int 45(12):269. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-025-06023-x","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"6093_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3233\/thc-219004","volume":"30","author":"J Pauk","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pauk J, Trinkunas J, Puronaite R, Ihnatouski M, Wasilewska A (2022) A computational method to differentiate rheumatoid arthritis patients using thermography data. Technol Health Care 30(1):209\u2013216. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/thc-219004","journal-title":"Technol Health Care"},{"issue":"10","key":"6093_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.1988.7.10.561","volume":"7","author":"M van Holsbeeck","year":"1988","unstructured":"van Holsbeeck M, van Holsbeeck K, Gevers G, Marchal G, van Steen A, Favril A et al (1988) Staging and follow-up of rheumatoid arthritis of the knee. Comparison of sonography, thermography, and clinical assessment. J Ultrasound Med 7(10):561\u2013566. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7863\/jum.1988.7.10.561","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"6093_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.44.7.434","volume":"44","author":"MD Devereaux","year":"1985","unstructured":"Devereaux MD, Parr GR, Thomas DP, Hazleman BL (1985) Disease activity indexes in rheumatoid arthritis; a prospective, comparative study with thermography. Ann Rheum Dis 44(7):434\u2013437. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ard.44.7.434","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"6093_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2022-002458","author":"I Morales-Ivorra","year":"2022","unstructured":"Morales-Ivorra I, Narv\u00e1ez J, G\u00f3mez-Vaquero C, Moragues C, Nolla JM, Narv\u00e1ez JA et al (2022) Assessment of inflammation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis using thermography and machine learning: a fast and automated technique. RMD Open. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/rmdopen-2022-002458","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"issue":"9","key":"6093_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1802","DOI":"10.55563\/clinexprheumatol\/ne4k8y","volume":"42","author":"K Triantafyllias","year":"2024","unstructured":"Triantafyllias K, Clasen M, De Blasi M, Berres M, Nikolodimos E, Schwarting A (2024) Performance of a novel high-resolution infrared thermography marker in detecting and assessing joint inflammation: a comparison with joint ultrasound. Clin Exp Rheumatol 42(9):1802\u20131811. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.55563\/clinexprheumatol\/ne4k8y","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"6093_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","volume":"372","author":"MJ Page","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD et al (2021) The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ 372:n71. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.n71","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"6093_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Whiting PF, Rutjes AW, Westwood ME, Mallett S, Deeks JJ, Reitsma JB, Leeflang MM, Sterne JA, Bossuyt PM. QUADAS-2: a revised tool for the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies. Annals Int Med 2011;155(8):529-536 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/0003-4819-155-8-201110180-00009 %m 22007046","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-155-8-201110180-00009"},{"issue":"2","key":"6093_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2022.63.2.141","volume":"63","author":"SM Ahn","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ahn SM, Chun JH, Hong S, Lee CK, Yoo B, Oh JS et al (2022) The value of thermal imaging for knee arthritis: a single-center observational study. Yonsei Med J 63(2):141\u2013147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3349\/ymj.2022.63.2.141","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J"},{"key":"6093_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2015.08.008","volume":"102","author":"A Capo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Capo A, Ismail E, Cardone D, Celletti E, Auriemma M, Sabatini E et al (2015) Joint functional impairment and thermal alterations in patients with psoriatic arthritis: a thermal imaging study. Microvasc Res 102:86\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mvr.2015.08.008","journal-title":"Microvasc Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"6093_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.4081\/reumatismo.2018.1050","volume":"70","author":"A Capo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Capo A, Di Paolo J, Celletti E, Ismail E, Merla A, Amerio P (2018) Thermal alterations in patients with inflammatory diseases: a comparison between psoriatic and rheumatoid arthritis. Reumatismo 70(4):225\u2013231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/reumatismo.2018.1050","journal-title":"Reumatismo"},{"issue":"1","key":"6093_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s10973-020-09665-0","volume":"145","author":"M Gizi\u0144ska","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gizi\u0144ska M, Rutkowski R, Szymczak-Bartz L, Romanowski W, Straburzy\u0144ska-Lupa A (2021) Thermal imaging for detecting temperature changes within the rheumatoid foot. J Therm Anal Calorim 145(1):77\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10973-020-09665-0","journal-title":"J Therm Anal Calorim"},{"issue":"5","key":"6093_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6579\/aa63d8","volume":"38","author":"B Lerkvaleekul","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lerkvaleekul B, Jaovisidha S, Sungkarat W, Chitrapazt N, Fuangfa P, Ruangchaijatuporn T et al (2017) The comparisons between thermography and ultrasonography with physical examination for wrist joint assessment in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Physiol Meas 38(5):691\u2013700. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1361-6579\/aa63d8","journal-title":"Physiol Meas"},{"key":"6093_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2022-002615","author":"I Morales-Ivorra","year":"2022","unstructured":"Morales-Ivorra I, Narv\u00e1ez J, G\u00f3mez-Vaquero C, Moragues C, Nolla JM, Narv\u00e1ez JA et al (2022) A thermographic disease activity index for remote assessment of rheumatoid arthritis. RMD Open. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/rmdopen-2022-002615","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"issue":"12","key":"6093_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963.e17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.08.017","volume":"75","author":"YK Tan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tan YK, Hong C, Li H, Allen JC Jr., Thumboo J (2020) Thermography in rheumatoid arthritis: a comparison with ultrasonography and clinical joint assessment. Clin Radiol 75(12):963.e17-.e22. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.crad.2020.08.017","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"6093_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2020.109421","volume":"134","author":"YK Tan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tan YK, Hong C, Li H, Allen JC Jr., Thumboo J (2021) A novel use of combined thermal and ultrasound imaging in detecting joint inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis. Eur J Radiol 134:109421. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejrad.2020.109421","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"6093_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.55563\/clinexprheumatol\/fx5qs2","volume":"42","author":"YK Tan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tan YK, Lim GH (2024) Assessment of joint inflammation at the wrist of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: thermography findings closely mirror those from ultrasonography. Clin Exp Rheumatol 42(5):1051\u20131056. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.55563\/clinexprheumatol\/fx5qs2","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6093_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41927-024-00435-1","volume":"8","author":"YK Tan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tan YK, Lim GH, Ooi CC, Ma VC, Vora BMK (2024) Thermographic and ultrasound assessment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: can thermography detect subclinical synovitis at the wrist? BMC Rheumatol 8(1):62. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41927-024-00435-1","journal-title":"BMC Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6093_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s42358-024-00377-9","volume":"64","author":"YK Tan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tan YK, Lim GH (2024) Subclinical joint inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis: comparing thermal and ultrasound imaging at the metacarpophalangeal joint. Adv Rheumatol 64(1):36. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s42358-024-00377-9","journal-title":"Adv Rheumatol"},{"key":"6093_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14212384","author":"YK Tan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tan YK, Thumboo J (2024) Understanding ultrasound power Doppler synovitis at clinically quiescent joints and thermographic joint inflammation assessment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Diagnostics. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics14212384","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"issue":"2","key":"6093_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1007\/s40744-024-00648-3","volume":"11","author":"YK Tan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tan YK, Sultana R, Thumboo J (2024) Thermography at the elbow among patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a comparison with ultrasound-detected joint inflammation findings. Rheumatol Ther 11(2):475\u2013485. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40744-024-00648-3","journal-title":"Rheumatol Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"6093_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-17901-6","volume":"15","author":"YK Tan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tan YK, Lim GH (2025) Comparing thermographic heat signatures with joint inflammation detected by ultrasound at the knees in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Sci Rep 15(1):31960","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"6093_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03009742.2025.2548061","author":"YK Tan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tan YK, Conaghan PG (2025) Understanding the use of thermography and its ability to predict ultrasound-detected joint inflammation at the metacarpophalangeal joint in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03009742.2025.2548061","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"6093_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1515\/bmt-2019-0051","volume":"65","author":"S Umapathy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Umapathy S, Thulasi R, Gupta N, Sivanadhan S (2020) Thermography and colour Doppler ultrasound: a potential complementary diagnostic tool in evaluation of rheumatoid arthritis in the knee region. Biomed Tech (Berl) 65(3):289\u2013299. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/bmt-2019-0051","journal-title":"Biomed Tech (Berl)"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"6093_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2022.05.011","volume":"79","author":"V Vasdev","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vasdev V, Singh R, Aggarwal V, Bhatt S, Kartik S, Hegde A et al (2023) Thermal imaging in rheumatoid arthritis knee joints and its correlation with power Doppler ultrasound. Med J Armed Forces India 79(Suppl 1):S189\u2013S195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mjafi.2022.05.011","journal-title":"Med J Armed Forces India"},{"issue":"7","key":"6093_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.60.7.641","volume":"60","author":"M Backhaus","year":"2001","unstructured":"Backhaus M, Burmester GR, Gerber T, Grassi W, Machold KP, Swen WA et al (2001) Guidelines for musculoskeletal ultrasound in rheumatology. Ann Rheum Dis 60(7):641\u2013649. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ard.60.7.641","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"6093_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2016-000428","volume":"3","author":"MA D\u2019Agostino","year":"2017","unstructured":"D\u2019Agostino MA, Terslev L, Aegerter P, Backhaus M, Balint P, Bruyn GA et al (2017) Scoring ultrasound synovitis in rheumatoid arthritis: a EULAR-OMERACT ultrasound taskforce-Part 1: definition and development of a standardised, consensus-based scoring system. RMD Open 3(1):e000428. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/rmdopen-2016-000428","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"6093_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2016-000427","volume":"3","author":"L Terslev","year":"2017","unstructured":"Terslev L, Naredo E, Aegerter P, Wakefield RJ, Backhaus M, Balint P et al (2017) Scoring ultrasound synovitis in rheumatoid arthritis: a EULAR-OMERACT ultrasound taskforce-Part 2: reliability and application to multiple joints of a standardised consensus-based scoring system. RMD Open 3(1):e000427. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/rmdopen-2016-000427","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"6093_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1177\/1524839905284526","volume":"16","author":"RG Schwartz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schwartz RG, Elliott R, Goldberg GS, Govindan S, Conwell T, Hoekstra PP et al (2006) Guidelines for neuromusculoskeletal thermography. Thermol Int 16:5\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1524839905284526","journal-title":"Thermol Int"},{"key":"6093_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.18073\/2358-4696\/pajmt.v2n1p35-43","volume":"2","author":"RG Schwartz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schwartz RG, O\u2019Young B, Getson P, Govindan S, Uricchio J, Bernton T et al (2015) Guidelines for neuromusculoskeletal infrared thermography sympathetic skin response (SSR) studies. Pan Am J Med Thermol 2:35\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18073\/2358-4696\/pajmt.v2n1p35-43","journal-title":"Pan Am J Med Thermol"},{"key":"6093_CR104","first-page":"125","volume":"18","author":"K Ammer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ammer K (2008) The Glamorgan protocol for recording and evaluation of thermal images of the human body. Thermology Int 18:125\u2013129","journal-title":"Thermology Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"6093_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10877","volume":"48","author":"M Szkudlarek","year":"2003","unstructured":"Szkudlarek M, Court-Payen M, Jacobsen S, Klarlund M, Thomsen HS, \u00d8stergaard M (2003) Interobserver agreement in ultrasonography of the finger and toe joints in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 48(4):955\u2013962. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.10877","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"3","key":"6093_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20939","volume":"52","author":"AK Scheel","year":"2005","unstructured":"Scheel AK, Hermann KG, Kahler E, Pasewaldt D, Fritz J, Hamm B et al (2005) A novel ultrasonographic synovitis scoring system suitable for analyzing finger joint inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 52(3):733\u2013743. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.20939","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"4","key":"6093_CR107","first-page":"597","volume":"32","author":"P Collado","year":"2014","unstructured":"Collado P, Gamir ML, L\u00f3pez-Robledillo JC, Merino R, Modesto C, Monteagudo I (2014) Detection of synovitis by ultrasonography in clinically inactive juvenile idiopathic arthritis on and off medication. Clin Exp Rheumatol 32(4):597\u2013603","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"6093_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2011.152926","volume":"70","author":"HB Hammer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hammer HB, Bolton-King P, Bakkeheim V, Berg TH, Sundt E, Kongtorp AK et al (2011) Examination of intra and interrater reliability with a new ultrasonographic reference atlas for scoring of synovitis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 70(11):1995\u20131998. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ard.2011.152926","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"6093_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.115493","volume":"69","author":"M Dougados","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dougados M, Jousse-Joulin S, Mistretta F, d\u2019Agostino MA, Backhaus M, Bentin J et al (2010) Evaluation of several ultrasonography scoring systems for synovitis and comparison to clinical examination: results from a prospective multicentre study of rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 69(5):828\u2013833. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ard.2009.115493","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"6093_CR110","first-page":"848","volume":"34","author":"RJ Wakefield","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wakefield RJ, D\u2019Agostino MA, Iagnocco A, Filippucci E, Backhaus M, Scheel AK et al (2007) The OMERACT Ultrasound Group: status of current activities and research directions. J Rheumatol 34(4):848\u2013851","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6093_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-024-05762-7","volume":"45","author":"L Brix","year":"2024","unstructured":"Brix L, Hedemann-Nielsen A, Medrud L, Fredberg U, Ellingsen T (2024) Joint swelling in the hand in rheumatoid arthritis: agreement between clinical evaluation, ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging and patient self-evaluation. Rheumatol Int 45(1):1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-024-05762-7","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"6093_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infrared.2015.02.007","volume":"71","author":"I Fern\u00e1ndez-Cuevas","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Cuevas I, Bouzas Marins JC, Arn\u00e1iz Lastras J, G\u00f3mez Carmona PM, Pi\u00f1onosa Cano S, Garc\u00eda-Concepci\u00f3n M\u00c1 et al (2015) Classification of factors influencing the use of infrared thermography in humans: a review. Infrared Phys Technol 71:28\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.infrared.2015.02.007","journal-title":"Infrared Phys Technol"},{"issue":"3","key":"6093_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2016.01.006","volume":"59","author":"C Palazzo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Palazzo C, Nguyen C, Lefevre-Colau MM, Rannou F, Poiraudeau S (2016) Risk factors and burden of osteoarthritis. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 59(3):134\u2013138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rehab.2016.01.006","journal-title":"Ann Phys Rehabil Med"},{"key":"6093_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.5405\/jmbe.1054","volume":"33","author":"Y Yang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yang Y, Xue ZJ, Liu KM, Liu J (2013) Automated analysis method for screening knee osteoarthritis using medical infrared thermography. J Med Biol Eng 33:471\u2013477. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5405\/jmbe.1054","journal-title":"J Med Biol Eng"}],"container-title":["Rheumatology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00296-026-06093-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00296-026-06093-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00296-026-06093-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T19:53:36Z","timestamp":1781639616000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00296-026-06093-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]]},"references-count":114,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["6093"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-026-06093-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1437-160X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1437-160X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"60"}}