{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T15:06:02Z","timestamp":1785855962507,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775433600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775433600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rheumatol Int"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-026-06103-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T00:59:15Z","timestamp":1775437155000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comparative evaluation of large language model-based AI platforms for radiographic assessment in rheumatoid arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5476-4950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yerlan","family":"Yemeshev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3949-2543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bekaidar","family":"Nurmashev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0153-3741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maidan","family":"Mukhamediyarov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10055","key":"6103_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2023","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30173-8","volume":"388","author":"JS Smolen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Smolen JS, Aletaha D, McInnes IB (2016) Rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet 388(10055):2023\u20132038. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30173-8","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"6103_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2017.02.006","volume":"46","author":"GS Firestein","year":"2017","unstructured":"Firestein GS, McInnes IB (2017) Immunopathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Immunity 46(2):183\u2013196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.immuni.2017.02.006","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"5","key":"6103_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-020-04731-0","volume":"41","author":"K Almutairi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Almutairi K, Nossent J, Preen D, Keen H, Inderjeeth C (2021) The global prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis based on a systematic review. Rheumatol Int 41(5):863\u2013877. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-020-04731-0","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"11","key":"6103_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-215920","volume":"78","author":"S Safiri","year":"2019","unstructured":"Safiri S, Kolahi AA, Hoy D et al (2019) Global, regional and national burden of rheumatoid arthritis 1990\u20132017: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease study 2017. Ann Rheum Dis 78(11):1463\u20131471. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-215920","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"6103_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keh199","volume":"43","author":"VP Nell","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nell VP, Machold KP, Eberl G, Stamm TA, Uffmann M et al (2004) Benefit of very early referral and very early therapy with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 43(7):906\u2013914. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/keh199","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"4","key":"6103_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.123919","volume":"69","author":"JS Smolen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Smolen JS, Aletaha D, Bijlsma JW et al (2010) Treating rheumatoid arthritis to target: recommendations of an international task force. Ann Rheum Dis 69(4):631\u2013637. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ard.2009.123919","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"6103_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2004.08.006","volume":"19","author":"M \u00d8stergaard","year":"2005","unstructured":"\u00d8stergaard M, Ejbjerg B, Szkudlarek M (2005) Imaging in early rheumatoid arthritis: roles of magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasonography, conventional radiography and computed tomography. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 19(1):91\u2013116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.berh.2004.08.006","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"6103_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-020-00911-w","volume":"22","author":"A Di Matteo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Di Matteo A, Mankia K, Azukizawa M, Wakefield RJ (2020) The Role of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound in the Rheumatoid Arthritis Continuum. Curr Rheumatol Rep 22(8):41. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11926-020-00911-w","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep"},{"issue":"1148","key":"6103_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20220972","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20220972","volume":"96","author":"L Quinn","year":"2023","unstructured":"Quinn L, Tryposkiadis K, Deeks J et al (2023) Interobserver variability studies in diagnostic imaging: a methodological systematic review. Br J Radiol 96(1148):20220972. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1259\/bjr.20220972","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"6103_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146045822513661","DOI":"10.1177\/14604582251366141","volume":"31","author":"N Ardic","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ardic N, Dinc R (2025) Emerging trends in multi-modal artificial intelligence for clinical decision support: A narrative review. Health Inf J 31(3):14604582251366141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/14604582251366141","journal-title":"Health Inf J"},{"issue":"1","key":"6103_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.211785","volume":"304","author":"RYL Kuo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kuo RYL, Harrison C, Curran TA et al (2022) Artificial Intelligence in Fracture Detection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Radiology 304(1):50\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiol.211785","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"6103_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.31138\/mjr.250924.koc","volume":"36","author":"S Mahadevan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mahadevan S, Mamadapur M, Bisaralli R et al (2025) Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Artificial Intelligence (AI) among Rheumatology Professionals: An Online Cross-Sectional Survey. Mediterr J Rheumatol 36(3):360\u2013369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31138\/mjr.250924.koc","journal-title":"Mediterr J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6103_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e001063","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2019-001063","volume":"6","author":"B Stoel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Stoel B (2020) Use of artificial intelligence in imaging in rheumatology - current status and future perspectives. RMD Open 6(1):e001063. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/rmdopen-2019-001063","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"6103_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-025-05825-3","volume":"45","author":"D Benavent","year":"2025","unstructured":"Benavent D, Carmona L, Garc\u00eda Llorente JF et al (2025) Artificial intelligence to predict treatment response in rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis: a scoping review. Rheumatol Int 45(4):91. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-025-05825-3","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"6103_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1007\/s40744-022-00475-4","volume":"9","author":"S Momtazmanesh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Momtazmanesh S, Nowroozi A, Rezaei N (2022) Artificial Intelligence in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Current Status and Future Perspectives: A State-of-the-Art Review. Rheumatol Ther 9(5):1249\u20131304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40744-022-00475-4","journal-title":"Rheumatol Ther"},{"key":"6103_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"van der Heijde D (2011) Erosions versus joint space narrowing in rheumatoid arthritis: what do we know? Ann Rheum Dis 70 Suppl 1i116\u2013i118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ard.2010.140525","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.140525"},{"issue":"1","key":"6103_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s41747-024-00422-8","volume":"8","author":"S Gitto","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gitto S, Serpi F, Albano D et al (2024) AI applications in musculoskeletal imaging: a narrative review. Eur Radiol Exp 8(1):22. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41747-024-00422-8","journal-title":"Eur Radiol Exp"},{"issue":"45","key":"6103_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11591","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1806905115","volume":"115","author":"R Lindsey","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lindsey R, Daluiski A, Chopra S et al (2018) Deep neural network improves fracture detection by clinicians. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 115(45):11591\u201311596. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1806905115","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"12","key":"6103_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3053","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-024-05737-8","volume":"44","author":"R Purohit","year":"2024","unstructured":"Purohit R, Saineni S, Chalise S et al (2024) Artificial intelligence in rheumatology: perspectives and insights from a nationwide survey of U.S. rheumatology fellows. Rheumatol Int 44(12):3053\u20133061. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-024-05737-8","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"6103_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20038","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-56527-3","volume":"9","author":"A Tiulpin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tiulpin A, Klein S, Bierma-Zeinstra SMA et al (2019) Multimodal Machine Learning-based Knee Osteoarthritis Progression Prediction from Plain Radiographs and Clinical Data. Sci Rep 9:20038. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-56527-3","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"6103_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-022-02972-x","volume":"24","author":"A Bird","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bird A, Oakden-Rayner L, McMaster C et al (2022) Artificial intelligence and the future of radiographic scoring in rheumatoid arthritis: a viewpoint. Arthritis Res Ther 24(1):268. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13075-022-02972-x","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"6103_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.5114\/reum\/207526","volume":"63","author":"Y Erden","year":"2025","unstructured":"Erden Y, Temel MH, Ba\u011fc\u0131er F (2025) Evaluating ChatGPT-4 for rheumatology patient education: a comparative analysis of readability, reliability, and similarity to the American College of Rheumatology\u2019s fact sheets. Reumatologia 63(5):313\u2013320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5114\/reum\/207526","journal-title":"Reumatologia"},{"issue":"8","key":"6103_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-018-0016-5","volume":"18","author":"A Hosny","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hosny A, Parmar C, Quackenbush J, Schwartz LH, Aerts HJWL (2018) Artificial intelligence in radiology. Nat Rev Cancer 18(8):500\u2013510. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41568-018-0016-5","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"6103_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0300-7","volume":"25","author":"EJ Topol","year":"2019","unstructured":"Topol EJ (2019) High-performance medicine: the convergence of human and artificial intelligence. Nat Med 25(1):44\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-018-0300-7","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"6103_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2022.06.019","volume":"19","author":"N Hendrix","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hendrix N, Lowry KP, Elmore JG et al (2022) Radiologist Preferences for Artificial Intelligence-Based Decision Support During Screening Mammography Interpretation. J Am Coll Radiol 19(10):1098\u20131110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacr.2022.06.019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Radiol"}],"container-title":["Rheumatology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00296-026-06103-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00296-026-06103-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00296-026-06103-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T07:54:49Z","timestamp":1776326089000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00296-026-06103-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["6103"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-026-06103-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1437-160X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1437-160X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"73"}}