{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T17:45:12Z","timestamp":1788543912224,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777420800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Health Sciences"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rheumatol Int"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Rheumatic diseases encompass diverse immune-mediated disorders that compromise musculoskeletal and systemic functions, often resulting in persistent disability. Hand muscle weakness is an early and clinically meaningful manifestation across rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and systemic sclerosis (SSc). Reduced handgrip strength (HGS) is an integrative measure that reflects systemic inflammation, neuromuscular involvement, and functional deterioration, providing critical insight into disease progression. The current review aims to overview available evidence on HGS testing in rheumatic diseases, with a focus on measurement devices, clinical and prognostic significance, and perspectives for its integration into disease monitoring and patient management. HGS is a sensitive marker of muscular function and frailty. Advances in mechanical and digital dynamometry, wearable devices, and smartphone-integrated systems enable precise and remote assessments. Reduced HGS correlates with higher disease burden and impaired quality of life. Despite its growing applicability, heterogeneity in testing procedures and inter-device variability underscore the need for standardized protocols and device-specific reference values. Advances in wearable sensors, digital dynamometry, and AI-supported telerehabilitation hold promise for integrating HGS into personalized disease monitoring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-026-06111-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T04:00:48Z","timestamp":1777435248000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Handgrip strength testing in rheumatic diseases"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5042-1191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuliya","family":"Fedorchenko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6967-4641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Umida","family":"Khojakulova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4188-8486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olena","family":"Zimba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6065-8002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Burhan Fatih","family":"Kocyigit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"6111_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61499-3","volume":"382","author":"F Goldblatt","year":"2013","unstructured":"Goldblatt F, O\u2019Neill SG (2013) Clinical aspects of autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Lancet 382:797\u2013808. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61499-3","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"6111_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-025-05901-8","volume":"45","author":"Y Fedorchenko","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fedorchenko Y, Zimba O, Qumar AB, Yessirkepov M, Kocyigit BF (2025) Physical activity of older patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int 45:157. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-025-05901-8","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"6111_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-025-06043-7","volume":"45","author":"U Khojakulova","year":"2025","unstructured":"Khojakulova U, Zimba O, Korkosz M, Kocyigit BF (2025) Hand function in immune-mediated inflammatory rheumatic diseases: assessment and rehabilitation approaches. Rheumatol Int 45:277. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-025-06043-7","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"6111_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41043-024-00500-y","volume":"43","author":"R Vaishya","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vaishya R, Misra A, Vaish A, Ursino N, D\u2019Ambrosi R (2024) Hand grip strength as a proposed new vital sign of health: a narrative review of evidences. J Health Popul Nutr 43:7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41043-024-00500-y","journal-title":"J Health Popul Nutr"},{"key":"6111_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.14283\/jfa.2023.18","volume":"12","author":"Y Suzuki","year":"2023","unstructured":"Suzuki Y, Matsui Y, Hirano Y, Kondo I, Nemoto T, Tanimoto M, Arai H (2023) Relationships among grip strength measurement, response time, and frailty criteria. J Frailty Aging 12:182\u2013188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14283\/jfa.2023.18","journal-title":"J Frailty Aging"},{"key":"6111_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-021-01778-9","volume":"45","author":"F Salaffi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Salaffi F, Carotti M, Farah S, Ceccarelli L, Di Carlo M (2021) Handgrip strength features in rheumatoid arthritis patients assessed using an innovative cylindrical-shaped device: relationships with demographic, anthropometric and clinical variables. J Med Syst 45:100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10916-021-01778-9","journal-title":"J Med Syst"},{"key":"6111_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2201","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-017-3756-9","volume":"36","author":"D Palamar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Palamar D, Er G, Terlemez R, Ustun I, Can G, Saridogan M (2017) Disease activity, handgrip strengths, and hand dexterity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol 36:2201\u20132208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10067-017-3756-9","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"6111_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-021-04959-4","volume":"41","author":"N \u017dura","year":"2021","unstructured":"\u017dura N, Vukorepa M, Jurak I, Peri\u0107 P, Botonji\u0107 J, Matijevi\u0107 A, Mitrovi\u0107 HK, \u017derjavi\u0107 NL, Durmi\u0161 KK, Kalebota N, \u017dagar I, Cakta\u0161 IL (2021) Decrease in handgrip strength in rheumatoid arthritis (RA): is there a sex-related difference? Rheumatol Int 41:1795\u20131802. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-021-04959-4","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"6111_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-023-06516-9","volume":"42","author":"\u00c9 Pena","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pena \u00c9, Dos Santos LP, do Esp\u00edrito Santo RC, Guaresi S, Hirakata VN, Karnopp TE, Xavier RM, Monticielo OA (2023) Systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review with meta-analysis on muscle strength, muscle mass, and physical function. Clin Rheumatol 42:1237\u20131248. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10067-023-06516-9","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"6111_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.13044","volume":"21","author":"K Erol","year":"2018","unstructured":"Erol K, Gok K, Cengiz G, Ozgocmen S (2018) Hand functions in systemic sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis and influence on clinical variables. Int J Rheum Dis 21:249\u2013252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1756-185X.13044","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"},{"key":"6111_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.3906\/sag-1803-183","volume":"48","author":"S Ba\u011flan Yent\u00fcr","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ba\u011flan Yent\u00fcr S, Tuna Z, Mete O, G\u00f6kkurt A, Tore NG, K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck H, G\u00f6ker B, Oskay D (2018) Hand functions in systemic lupus erythematosus: a comparative study with rheumatoid arthritis patients and healthy subjects. Turk J Med Sci 48:840\u2013844. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3906\/sag-1803-183","journal-title":"Turk J Med Sci"},{"key":"6111_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2023-001008","volume":"11","author":"SB Lieber","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lieber SB, Lipschultz RA, Syed S, Rajan M, Venkatraman S, Lin M, Reid MC, Lue NF, Mandl LA (2024) Association of phenotypic frailty and hand grip strength with telomere length in SLE. Lupus Sci Med 11:e001008. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/lupus-2023-001008","journal-title":"Lupus Sci Med"},{"key":"6111_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/23971983251341515","author":"FSP Duarte","year":"2025","unstructured":"Duarte FSP, da Nobrega Ferreira I, Beserra ADS, Barbosa NO, da Silva LL, de Souza VCV, Gomes V, Lopes AJ (2025) Hand functional capacity in women with systemic sclerosis using the Glittre-ADL-Shelf test: relationship with demographics, body composition, hand function, physical function, digital dexterity, muscle strength and lung function. J Scleroderma Relat Disord. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/23971983251341515","journal-title":"J Scleroderma Relat Disord"},{"key":"6111_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/51564","volume":"26","author":"Y Fu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fu Y, Zhang Y, Ye B, Babineau J, Zhao Y, Gao Z, Mihailidis A (2024) Smartphone-based hand function assessment: systematic review. J Med Internet Res 26:e51564. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/51564","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"6111_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-011-1999-3","volume":"31","author":"AY Gasparyan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gasparyan AY, Ayvazyan L, Blackmore H, Kitas GD (2011) Writing a narrative biomedical review: considerations for authors, peer reviewers, and editors. Rheumatol Int 31:1409. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-011-1999-3","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"6111_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1177\/03080226231208409","volume":"87","author":"L Myles","year":"2024","unstructured":"Myles L, Massy-Westropp N, Barnett F (2024) The how and why of handgrip strength assessment. Br J Occup Ther 87:321\u2013328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/03080226231208409","journal-title":"Br J Occup Ther"},{"key":"6111_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s24165100","volume":"24","author":"A Quattrocchi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Quattrocchi A, Garufi G, Gugliandolo G, De Marchis C, Collufio D, Cardali SM, Donato N (2024) Handgrip strength in health applications: a review of the measurement methodologies and influencing factors. Sensors (Basel) 24:5100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s24165100","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"key":"6111_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10433-023-00791-w","volume":"20","author":"OE Svin\u00f8y","year":"2023","unstructured":"Svin\u00f8y OE, Hilde G, Bergland A, Strand BH (2023) Reference values for Jamar+ digital dynamometer hand grip strength in healthy adults and in adults with non-communicable diseases or osteoarthritis: the Norwegian Troms\u00f8 study 2015\u20132016. Eur J Ageing 20:44. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10433-023-00791-w","journal-title":"Eur J Ageing"},{"key":"6111_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17589983251352104","author":"GMX Dos Santos","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dos Santos GMX, Mauad LDS, Nardim HCB, Silva MF, FaleirosMacedo FP, Rezende G, Mendes Sugano RM, Guirro ECO, de C\u00e1ssiaRegistro Fonseca M (2025) Test-retest reliability and concurrent validity of three different handgrip dynamometers (Jamar, Jamar Plus+ and Biodex) in healthy young adults. Hand Ther. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/17589983251352104","journal-title":"Hand Ther"},{"key":"6111_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.11005\/jbm.2020.27.2.85","volume":"27","author":"SH Lee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lee SH, Gong HS (2020) Measurement and interpretation of handgrip strength for research on sarcopenia and osteoporosis. J Bone Metab 27:85\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11005\/jbm.2020.27.2.85","journal-title":"J Bone Metab"},{"key":"6111_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42358-018-0020-1","volume":"58","author":"G Sferra da Silva","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sferra da Silva G, de Almeida Louren\u00e7o M, de Assis MR (2018) Hand strength in patients with RA correlates strongly with function but not with activity of disease. Adv Rheumatol 58:20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s42358-018-0020-1","journal-title":"Adv Rheumatol"},{"key":"6111_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.2013.007351","volume":"67","author":"TI King 2nd","year":"2013","unstructured":"King TI 2nd (2013) Interinstrument reliability of the Jamar electronic dynamometer and pinch gauge compared with the Jamar hydraulic dynamometer and B&amp;L Engineering mechanical pinch gauge. Am J Occup Ther 67:480\u2013483. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5014\/ajot.2013.007351","journal-title":"Am J Occup Ther"},{"key":"6111_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16121951","volume":"16","author":"T Silva-Santos","year":"2024","unstructured":"Silva-Santos T, Guerra RS, Valdiviesso R, Amaral TF (2024) Hand grip force-time curve indicators evaluated by dynamometer: a systematic review. Nutrients 16:1951. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu16121951","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"6111_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4260","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12134260","volume":"12","author":"S Savas","year":"2023","unstructured":"Savas S, Kilavuz A, Kayhan Ko\u00e7ak F\u00d6, Cavdar S (2023) Comparison of grip strength measurements by widely used three dynamometers in outpatients aged 60 years and over. J Clin Med 12:4260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm12134260","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"6111_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4102\/sajp.v78i1.1768","volume":"78","author":"A Lupton-Smith","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lupton-Smith A, Fourie K, Mazinyo A, Mokone M, Nxaba S, Morrow B (2022) Measurement of hand grip strength: a cross-sectional study of two dynamometry devices. S Afr J Physiother 78:1768. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4102\/sajp.v78i1.1768","journal-title":"S Afr J Physiother"},{"key":"6111_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.2025.051072","volume":"79","author":"L S\u00e1nchez-Aranda","year":"2025","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez-Aranda L, Fern\u00e1ndez-Ortega J, Mart\u00edn-Fuentes I, Toval A, Jurak G, Ruiz JR, Cs\u00e1nyi T, Ortega FB (2025) Reliability and concurrent validity of a low-cost handgrip dynamometer: the Camry. Am J Occup Ther 79:7905205020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5014\/ajot.2025.051072","journal-title":"Am J Occup Ther"},{"key":"6111_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-022-03270-6","volume":"22","author":"L Huang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huang L, Liu Y, Lin T, Hou L, Song Q, Ge N, Yue J (2022) Reliability and validity of two hand dynamometers when used by community-dwelling adults aged over 50 years. BMC Geriatr 22:580. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12877-022-03270-6","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"6111_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13741-023-00334-y","volume":"12","author":"MS Andrade","year":"2023","unstructured":"Andrade MS, Honorato MP, Vargas JP, de Los Angeles Galvez M, Rojas MR (2023) Comparison of two handgrip dynamometers in older adults before elective surgery. Perioper Med 12:46. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13741-023-00334-y","journal-title":"Perioper Med"},{"key":"6111_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.949357","volume":"31","author":"J Leszczak","year":"2025","unstructured":"Leszczak J, Wo\u0142oszyn N, Bro\u017conowicz J, Bylicki K, Ci\u0105pa\u0142a G, Grzegorczyk J, Wi\u015bniowska-Szurlej A (2025) Evaluation of hand-grip strength measurement using the Pablo virtual reality system in young adults. Med Sci Monit 31:e949357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12659\/MSM.949357","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"6111_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kew006","volume":"55","author":"F Espinoza","year":"2016","unstructured":"Espinoza F, Le Blay P, Coulon D, Lieu S, Munro J, Jorgensen C, Pers YM (2016) Handgrip strength measured by a dynamometer connected to a smartphone: a new applied health technology solution for the self-assessment of rheumatoid arthritis disease activity. Rheumatology (Oxford) 55:897\u2013901. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/kew006","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"6111_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-023-02365-3","volume":"35","author":"L De Dobbeleer","year":"2023","unstructured":"De Dobbeleer L, Swart MM, Geerds MAJ, Baggen RJ, Jansen AS, Tielemans R, Silva H, Lieten S, Barb\u00e9 K, Peeters G, Vollenbroek-Hutten MMR, Melis RJF, Bautmans I (2023) Validity and reliability of Eforto\u00ae, a system to (self-)monitor grip strength and muscle fatigability in older persons. Aging Clin Exp Res 35:835\u2013845. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40520-023-02365-3","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"6111_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5195\/ijt.2022.6497","volume":"14","author":"S James","year":"2022","unstructured":"James S, Conrad M, Sengupta S (2022) Development of an innovative telerehabilitation system to improve handgrip strength. Int J Telerehabil 14:e6497. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5195\/ijt.2022.6497","journal-title":"Int J Telerehabil"},{"key":"6111_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20556683221078455","volume":"9","author":"M Mace","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mace M, Mutalib SA, Ogrinc M, Goldsmith N, Burdet E (2022) GripAble: an accurate, sensitive and robust digital device for measuring grip strength. J Rehabil Assist Technol Eng 9:20556683221078455. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/20556683221078455","journal-title":"J Rehabil Assist Technol Eng"},{"key":"6111_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1177\/17589983251322537","volume":"30","author":"EYY Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li EYY, Robinson LS, Stockdale C (2025) Establishing the reliability and validity for GripAble: a handheld sensor-based dynamometry device. Hand Ther 30:90\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/17589983251322537","journal-title":"Hand Ther"},{"key":"6111_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.2024.050689","volume":"78","author":"HI Ergen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ergen HI, Kudin R, McGee CW (2024) Interrater reliability and precision of a novel hand strength assessment and treatment device: the GripAble. Am J Occup Ther 78:7805205140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5014\/ajot.2024.050689","journal-title":"Am J Occup Ther"},{"key":"6111_CR36","unstructured":"American Society of Hand Therapists (n.d.) Clinical assessment recommendations. https:\/\/asht.org\/practice\/clinical-assessment-recommendations"},{"key":"6111_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.22540\/JFSF-06-225","volume":"6","author":"R Cooper","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cooper R, Lessof C, Wong A, Hardy R (2021) The impact of variation in the device used to measure grip strength on the identification of low muscle strength: findings from a randomised cross-over study. J Frailty Sarcopenia Falls 6:225\u2013230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22540\/JFSF-06-225","journal-title":"J Frailty Sarcopenia Falls"},{"key":"6111_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58020172","volume":"58","author":"SY Chang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chang SY, Han BD, Han KD, Park HJ, Kang S (2022) Relation between handgrip strength and quality of life in patients with arthritis in Korea: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2015\u20132018. Medicina (Kaunas) 58:172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina58020172","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"key":"6111_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1080\/09593985.2020.1777605","volume":"38","author":"JA Pineda-Ju\u00e1rez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pineda-Ju\u00e1rez JA, Lozada-Mellado M, Hinojosa-Azaola A, Garc\u00eda-Morales JM, Ogata-Medel M, Llorente L, Alcocer-Varela J, Orea-Tejeda A, Mart\u00edn-Nares E, Castillo-Mart\u00ednez L (2022) Changes in hand grip strength and body weight after a dynamic exercise program and Mediterranean diet in women with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized clinical trial. Physiother Theory Pract 38:504\u2013512. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09593985.2020.1777605","journal-title":"Physiother Theory Pract"},{"key":"6111_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21090","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-21533-5","volume":"12","author":"Y Sobue","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sobue Y, Suzuki M, Ohashi Y, Koshima H, Okui N, Funahashi K, Ishikawa H, Inoue H, Kojima M, Asai S, Terabe K, Kishimoto K, Maeda M, Kihira D, Imagama S, Kojima T (2022) Validation of grip strength as a measure of frailty in rheumatoid arthritis. Sci Rep 12:21090. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-21533-5","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"6111_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1100\/2012\/580863","volume":"2012","author":"MA Alomari","year":"2012","unstructured":"Alomari MA, Keewan EF, Shammaa RA, Alawneh K, Khatib SY, Welsch MA (2012) Vascular function and handgrip strength in rheumatoid arthritis patients. ScientificWorldJournal 2012:580863. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1100\/2012\/580863","journal-title":"ScientificWorldJournal"},{"key":"6111_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/3756207","volume":"2018","author":"C Berner","year":"2018","unstructured":"Berner C, Haider S, Grabovac I, Lamprecht T, Fenzl KH, Erlacher L, Quittan M, Dorner TE (2018) Work ability and employment in rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional study on the role of muscle strength and lower extremity function. Int J Rheumatol 2018:3756207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/3756207","journal-title":"Int J Rheumatol"},{"key":"6111_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2025-002617","volume":"11","author":"R Cavalheiro do Espirito Santo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cavalheiro do Espirito Santo R, Peterson Dos Santos L, Melo G, Dubey V, Agostinis-Sobrinho C (2025) Longitudinal monitoring of handgrip strength in rheumatoid arthritis: a window into disease activity\u2014a systematic review with meta-analysis. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 11:e002617. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjsem-2025-002617","journal-title":"BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med"},{"key":"6111_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4630","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18094630","volume":"18","author":"S Sola-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sola-Rodr\u00edguez S, Vargas-Hitos JA, Gavil\u00e1n-Carrera B, Rosales-Castillo A, Sabio JM, Hern\u00e1ndez-Mart\u00ednez A, Mart\u00ednez-Rosales E, Ortego-Centeno N, Soriano-Maldonado A (2021) Relative handgrip strength as marker of cardiometabolic risk in women with systemic lupus erythematosus. Int J Environ Res Public Health 18:4630. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph18094630","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"6111_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-14-263","volume":"14","author":"S Balsamo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Balsamo S, da Mota LM, de Carvalho JF, Nascimento DC, Tibana RA, de Santana FS, Moreno RL, Gualano B, dos Santos-Neto L (2013) Low dynamic muscle strength and its associations with fatigue, functional performance, and quality of life in premenopausal patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and low disease activity: a case-control study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 14:263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2474-14-263","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"6111_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0212436","volume":"14","author":"B Gavil\u00e1n-Carrera","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gavil\u00e1n-Carrera B, Garcia da Silva J, Vargas-Hitos JA, Sabio JM, Morillas-de-Laguno P, Rios-Fern\u00e1ndez R, Delgado-Fern\u00e1ndez M, Soriano-Maldonado A (2019) Association of physical fitness components and health-related quality of life in women with systemic lupus erythematosus with mild disease activity. PLoS ONE 14:e0212436. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0212436","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"6111_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina55020057","volume":"55","author":"S Sola-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sola-Rodr\u00edguez S, Gavil\u00e1n-Carrera B, Vargas-Hitos JA, Sabio JM, Morillas-de-Laguno P, Soriano-Maldonado A (2019) Physical fitness and body composition in women with systemic lupus erythematosus. Medicina (Kaunas) 55:57. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina55020057","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"key":"6111_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2024-001447","volume":"12","author":"E Pena","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pena E, Peterson Dos Santos L, Cavalheiro do Esp\u00edrito Santo R, D\u00f3ria LD, Pilotti S, Mallmann ALS, N\u00f3brega de Moraes D, Mata Machado CM, Costa Duarte Lanna C, Malheiro OB, da Silveira EL, Telles RW, de Miranda Moura F, Gasparin AA, Hax V, Spritzer PM, Fighera TM, Chakr RMDS, Xavier RM, Monticielo OA (2025) Prevalence of sarcopenia and its association with clinical features and health-related quality of life in Brazilian women with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus Sci Med 12:e001447. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/lupus-2024-001447","journal-title":"Lupus Sci Med"},{"key":"6111_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2017.05.011","volume":"47","author":"AC Justo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Justo AC, Guimar\u00e3es FS, Ferreira AS, Soares MS, Bunn PS, Lopes AJ (2017) Muscle function in women with systemic sclerosis: association with fatigue and general physical function. Clin Biomech (Bristol) 47:33\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2017.05.011","journal-title":"Clin Biomech (Bristol)"},{"key":"6111_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.03.046","volume":"55\u201356","author":"E Siegert","year":"2018","unstructured":"Siegert E, March C, Otten L, Makowka A, Preis E, Buttgereit F, Riemekasten G, M\u00fcller-Werdan U, Norman K (2018) Prevalence of sarcopenia in systemic sclerosis: assessing body composition and functional disability in patients with systemic sclerosis. Nutrition 55\u201356:51\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nut.2018.03.046","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"6111_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.5114\/reum.2021.105454","volume":"59","author":"IR Defi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Defi IR, Gultom C, Chorman MJ, Jennie J (2021) High-intensity interval training can improve hand grip strength, inspiratory muscle, and quality of life in systemic sclerosis subjects. Reumatologia 59:98\u2013103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5114\/reum.2021.105454","journal-title":"Reumatologia"},{"key":"6111_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2024.105293","volume":"25","author":"R Cavalheiro do Esp\u00edrito Santo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cavalheiro do Esp\u00edrito Santo R, Peterson Dos Santos L, Melo G, Prakash Dubey V, Rauckiene-Michaelsson A, Agostinis-Sobrinho C (2024) Muscle strength comparison in immune-mediated rheumatic disease vs healthy adults: a meta-analysis. J Am Med Dir Assoc 25:105293. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jamda.2024.105293","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"6111_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-023-06812-4","volume":"43","author":"ESV de Carvalho","year":"2024","unstructured":"de Carvalho ESV, da Silva Santos G, de Siqueira GR, Duarte ALBP, Dantas AT (2024) Ultrasound assessment of diaphragm and quadriceps muscles and its relationship with handgrip and respiratory muscle strength in patients with systemic sclerosis: a cross-sectional study. Clin Rheumatol 43:289\u2013295. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10067-023-06812-4","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"6111_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2017.03.018","volume":"21","author":"AJ Lopes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lopes AJ, Justo AC, Ferreira AS, Guimaraes FS (2017) Systemic sclerosis: association between physical function, handgrip strength and pulmonary function. J Bodyw Mov Ther 21:972\u2013977. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbmt.2017.03.018","journal-title":"J Bodyw Mov Ther"},{"key":"6111_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.55563\/clinexprheumatol\/0njr37","volume":"40","author":"M \u0160piritovi\u0107","year":"2022","unstructured":"\u0160piritovi\u0107 M, \u0160mucrov\u00e1 H, He\u0159m\u00e1nkov\u00e1 B, Oresk\u00e1 S, \u0160tork\u00e1nov\u00e1 H, Rathousk\u00e1 A, \u010ces\u00e1k P, Komarc M, R\u016f\u017ei\u010dkov\u00e1 O, Bunc V, Pavelka K, Vencovsk\u00fd J, \u0160enolt L, Be\u010dv\u00e1\u0159 R, Tom\u010d\u00edk M (2022) The effect of a 24-week physiotherapy and occupational therapy program in systemic sclerosis: a monocentric controlled study with follow-up. Clin Exp Rheumatol 40:1941\u20131950. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.55563\/clinexprheumatol\/0njr37","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"6111_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2023.05.009","volume":"45","author":"LH Hailey","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hailey LH, Amarnani R, Bundy C, McGagh D, James L, Kirtley S, O\u2019Sullivan D, Steinkoenig I, Suribhatla R, Vivekanantham A, Coates LC (2023) Lifestyle modifications and nonpharmacologic interventions to improve outcomes in psoriatic arthritis: a systematic review. Clin Ther 45:841\u2013851. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinthera.2023.05.009","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"6111_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rap\/rkae107","volume":"8","author":"M Kaerts","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kaerts M, Swinnen TW, Dankaerts W, de Vlam K, Neerinckx B (2024) High-quality research on physical therapy in psoriatic arthritis is needed: a systematic review. Rheumatol Adv Pract 8:rkae107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rap\/rkae107","journal-title":"Rheumatol Adv Pract"},{"key":"6111_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rap\/rkaf066","volume":"9","author":"M Kaerts","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kaerts M, Swinnen TW, Dankaerts W, de Vlam K, Neerinckx B (2025) Physical fitness and physical activity in psoriatic arthritis: a systematic review. Rheumatol Adv Pract 9:rkaf066. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rap\/rkaf066","journal-title":"Rheumatol Adv Pract"},{"key":"6111_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.14241","volume":"25","author":"B Candiri","year":"2022","unstructured":"Candiri B, Talu B, Demirtas Karaoba D, Ozaltin GE, Yolbas S (2022) Effect of psoriatic arthritis on the strength, proprioception, skill, coordination, and functional condition of the hand. Int J Rheum Dis 25:47\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1756-185X.14241","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"},{"key":"6111_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2022.105640","volume":"95","author":"M K\u00f6pr\u00fcl\u00fco\u011flu","year":"2022","unstructured":"K\u00f6pr\u00fcl\u00fco\u011flu M, Naz \u0130, Solmaz D, Akar S (2022) Hand functions and joint position sense in patients with psoriatic arthritis: a comparison with rheumatoid arthritis and healthy controls. Clin Biomech (Bristol) 95:105640. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2022.105640","journal-title":"Clin Biomech (Bristol)"},{"key":"6111_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1002\/acr2.11196","volume":"2","author":"AM Liphardt","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liphardt AM, Manger E, Liehr S, Bieniek L, Kleyer A, Simon D, Tascilar K, Sticherling M, Rech J, Schett G, Hueber AJ (2020) Similar impact of psoriatic arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis on objective and subjective parameters of hand function. ACR Open Rheumatol 2:734\u2013740. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acr2.11196","journal-title":"ACR Open Rheumatol"},{"key":"6111_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2745","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-022-06164-5","volume":"41","author":"A Bilberg","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bilberg A, Larsson I, Bj\u00f6rkman S, Eliasson B, Klingberg E (2022) The impact of a structured weight-loss treatment on physical fitness in patients with psoriatic arthritis and obesity compared to matched controls: a prospective interventional study. Clin Rheumatol 41:2745\u20132754. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10067-022-06164-5","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"6111_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afr051","volume":"40","author":"HC Roberts","year":"2011","unstructured":"Roberts HC, Denison HJ, Martin HJ, Patel HP, Syddall H, Cooper C, Sayer AA (2011) A review of the measurement of grip strength in clinical and epidemiological studies: towards a standardised approach. Age Ageing 40:423\u2013429. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ageing\/afr051","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"6111_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-4-127","volume":"4","author":"NM Massy-Westropp","year":"2011","unstructured":"Massy-Westropp NM, Gill TK, Taylor AW, Bohannon RW, Hill CL (2011) Hand grip strength: age and gender stratified normative data in a population-based study. BMC Res Notes 4:127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1756-0500-4-127","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"6111_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.18502\/jmr.v18i3.16415","volume":"18","author":"S James","year":"2024","unstructured":"James S, James E, Conrad M, Sengupta S (2024) Investigating the devices that measure and improve grip strength through telerehabilitation: a scoping review. J Mod Rehabil 18:291\u2013300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18502\/jmr.v18i3.16415","journal-title":"J Mod Rehabil"},{"key":"6111_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1136\/spcare-2024-005245","volume":"15","author":"N Kemala Sari","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kemala Sari N, Stepvia S, Ilyas MF, Setiati S, Harimurti K, Fitriana I (2025) Handgrip strength assessment in geriatric populations: digital dynamometers comparative study. BMJ Support Palliat Care 15:473\u2013479. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/spcare-2024-005245","journal-title":"BMJ Support Palliat Care"}],"container-title":["Rheumatology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00296-026-06111-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00296-026-06111-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00296-026-06111-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T09:18:11Z","timestamp":1778663891000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00296-026-06111-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["6111"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-026-06111-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1437-160X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1437-160X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"None declared.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"82"}}