{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T16:20:16Z","timestamp":1783527616208,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019791","name":"Istanbul Medipol University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019791","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rheumatol Int"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Musculoskeletal (MSK) anatomy education is a critical foundation for developing competency among radiologists, physiatrists, rheumatologists, and orthopedic surgeons. However, current undergraduate medical curricula often exhibit significant deficiencies in instructional hours, integration of diverse teaching modalities, and clinical relevance. This narrative review synthesizes recent evidence (March 2021\u2013March 2026) identified through a targeted search of Medline, Embase, and Scopus, with an emphasis on consensus guidelines, validation studies, and clinically focused publications related to MSK anatomy, imaging modalities (ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography), and curriculum design for medical students in relevant specialties. Multimodal interventions, including cadaveric dissection, radiological anatomy, case-based rheumatologic and rehabilitation modules, and technology-enhanced platforms such as 3D virtual models and AI-driven adaptive learning, have been associated with improvements in knowledge retention, spatial reasoning, diagnostic accuracy, and procedural confidence compared with didactic instruction alone. Persistent knowledge gaps undermine interpretive proficiency in MSK imaging, including the identification of synovitis and enthesopathy, and are linked to reduced clinical preparedness. Objective assessments reveal suboptimal performance despite completion of conventional preclinical training. Cadaveric dissection fosters practical skills and ethical professionalism, while early integration of imaging connects theoretical morphology with three-dimensional relational understanding and pathological correlations in MSK and rheumatic diseases. Implementation frameworks recommend phased rollouts that incorporate stakeholder needs assessments, faculty development through train-the-trainer models, resource reallocation for point-of-care ultrasound and virtual reality, and strategies to address barriers, such as grants for low-resource settings and modularization to reduce curricular congestion. These evidence-based approaches support scalable reforms that produce MSK-literate clinicians prepared for precision diagnostics and interventional practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-026-06175-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T01:31:54Z","timestamp":1780536714000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Musculoskeletal anatomy education perspectives"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7360-8111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Uliana","family":"Pidvalna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3466-5276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lesya","family":"Mateshuk-Vatseba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0493-149X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baimakhan","family":"Tanabayev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2754-1232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmet","family":"Usen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"6175_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2024.09.017","volume":"80","author":"A Mushtaq","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mushtaq A, Cinti N, Yaseen M, Ho R, Clunie L (2025) Measuring the effectiveness of a radiology-based lecture series on both confidence and career prospects of UK-based undergraduate medical students: a survey-based quantitative study. Clin Radiol 80:106711. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.crad.2024.09.017","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"6175_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.62547\/MLTR2588","volume":"84","author":"ML Sonnleitner","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sonnleitner ML, Snyder EM, Johnson FA, Lee HH, Kokame KA, Wong JM et al (2025) Evaluating medical students\u2019 confidence in musculoskeletal examination: implications for improving musculoskeletal medicine education. Hawaii J Health Soc Welf 84:148\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.62547\/MLTR2588","journal-title":"Hawaii J Health Soc Welf"},{"key":"6175_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.24282","volume":"38","author":"T Orchard","year":"2025","unstructured":"Orchard T, Peeler J (2025) Musculoskeletal anatomy education: a survey of North American medical programs. Clin Anat 38:568\u2013575. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ca.24282","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"key":"6175_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.14508","volume":"26","author":"P Harkins","year":"2023","unstructured":"Harkins P, Burke E, Conway R (2023) Musculoskeletal education in undergraduate medical curricula-A systematic review. Int J Rheum Dis 26:210\u2013224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1756-185X.14508","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"},{"key":"6175_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000002425","volume":"103","author":"J Peeler","year":"2024","unstructured":"Peeler J, Mann S, Orchard T, Yu J (2024) Inadequacies in undergraduate musculoskeletal education-a survey of nationally accredited allopathic medical programs in Canada. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 103:624\u2013631. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PHM.0000000000002425","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"6175_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2018.05.004","volume":"219","author":"J Peeler","year":"2018","unstructured":"Peeler J, Bergen H, Bulow A (2018) Musculoskeletal anatomy education: evaluating the influence of different teaching and learning activities on medical students perception and academic performance. Ann Anat 219:44\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aanat.2018.05.004","journal-title":"Ann Anat"},{"key":"6175_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-011-1999-3","volume":"31","author":"AY Gasparyan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gasparyan AY, Ayvazyan L, Blackmore H, Kitas GD (2011) Writing a narrative biomedical review: considerations for authors, peer reviewers, and editors. Rheumatol Int 31:1409\u20131417. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-011-1999-3","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"6175_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-024-05849-6","volume":"24","author":"J Peeler","year":"2024","unstructured":"Peeler J (2024) Addressing musculoskeletal curricular inadequacies within undergraduate medical education. BMC Med Educ 24:845. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12909-024-05849-6","journal-title":"BMC Med Educ"},{"key":"6175_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1249\/JSR.0000000000000862","volume":"20","author":"OA Olufade","year":"2021","unstructured":"Olufade OA, Patel A, Cherian C, Waterbrook AL, Zaremski JL, Sussman WI et al (2021) Suggested curricular guidelines for musculoskeletal and sports medicine in physical medicine and rehabilitation residency training. Curr Sports Med Rep 20:366\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/JSR.0000000000000862","journal-title":"Curr Sports Med Rep"},{"key":"6175_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.2117","volume":"15","author":"R Giuriato","year":"2022","unstructured":"Giuriato R, \u0160trkalj G, Prvan T, Hulme A, Pather N (2022) Musculoskeletal anatomy knowledge in Australian chiropractors. Anat Sci Educ 15:663\u2013670. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ase.2117","journal-title":"Anat Sci Educ"},{"key":"6175_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2025.152744","volume":"263","author":"S Qazi","year":"2026","unstructured":"Qazi S, Akhund SA, Mazhar MA, Shaikh AA, Atif E, Odeh S et al (2026) Peer-assisted uniform learning in musculoskeletal anatomy: Enhancing performance across cognitive domains in objective structured practical examination. Ann Anat 263:152744. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aanat.2025.152744","journal-title":"Ann Anat"},{"key":"6175_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2589","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-023-02347-0","volume":"49","author":"S Factor","year":"2023","unstructured":"Factor S, Albagli A, Bebin A, Druckmann I, Bulkowstein S, Stahl I et al (2023) Influence of residency discipline and seniority on traumatic musculoskeletal radiographs interpretation accuracy: a multicenter study. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 49:2589\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00068-023-02347-0","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"},{"key":"6175_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1002\/msc.1188","volume":"15","author":"T Blake","year":"2017","unstructured":"Blake T, Marais D, Hassell AB, Stevenson K, Paskins Z (2017) Getting back to the dissecting room: an evaluation of an innovative course in musculoskeletal anatomy for UK-based rheumatology training. Musculoskeletal Care 15:405\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/msc.1188","journal-title":"Musculoskeletal Care"},{"key":"6175_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1007\/s40670-019-00719-z","volume":"29","author":"G Baratz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Baratz G, Wilson-Delfosse AL, Singelyn BM, Allan KC, Rieth GE, Ratnaparkhi R et al (2019) Evaluating the Anatomage table compared to cadaveric dissection as a learning modality for gross anatomy. Med Sci Educ 29:499\u2013506. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40670-019-00719-z","journal-title":"Med Sci Educ"},{"key":"6175_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1186\/s13244-025-01953-3","volume":"16","author":"M Becker","year":"2025","unstructured":"Becker M (2025) Asclepius with contemporary glasses introduces \u2019Modern Radiology\u2019-an open-access teaching resource. Insights Imaging 16:87. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13244-025-01953-3","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"key":"6175_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.70048","volume":"39","author":"A Madison","year":"2026","unstructured":"Madison A, Montalbano MJ, Marios L (2026) Learning anatomy with radiology: a systematic review. Clin Anat 39:368\u2013381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ca.70048","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"key":"6175_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.2147\/AMEP.S409797","volume":"14","author":"R Bassey","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bassey R, Hill RV, Nassrallah Z, Knutson S, Pinard B, Olvet DM et al (2023) Consolidation carnival: a case-based approach to reviewing musculoskeletal anatomy in an undergraduate medical curriculum. Adv Med Educ Pract 14:889\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/AMEP.S409797","journal-title":"Adv Med Educ Pract"},{"key":"6175_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.4103\/jmu.JMU-D-24-00026","volume":"34","author":"Y Huang","year":"2026","unstructured":"Huang Y, Wee TC, Loh KJ, Tan YL (2026) Use of ultrasound to enhance musculoskeletal palpation skills of the upper and lower limbs anatomy: a scoping review. J Med Ultrasound 34:75\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jmu.JMU-D-24-00026","journal-title":"J Med Ultrasound"},{"key":"6175_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.25040\/ntsh2018.01.06","volume":"52","author":"O Zayachkivska","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zayachkivska O (2018) Digital technology in teaching medical students. Proc Shevchenko Sci Soc Med Sci 52:57\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25040\/ntsh2018.01.06","journal-title":"Proc Shevchenko Sci Soc Med Sci"},{"key":"6175_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.5334\/pme.1223","volume":"13","author":"T Gladman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gladman T, Li H, McCullough O, Grainger R (2024) Rapid design of a student-centred app for musculoskeletal clinical skills: an example of a theoretically informed approach to developing apps for learning. Perspect Med Educ 13:368\u2013379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5334\/pme.1223","journal-title":"Perspect Med Educ"},{"key":"6175_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2023.10.009","volume":"54","author":"O Velez-Martinez","year":"2025","unstructured":"Velez-Martinez O, Hom GL, Jayasinghe S, Kosaraju V, Faraji N, Nicholas J et al (2025) Play in the reading room: utilizing soft modeling compound to teach musculoskeletal anatomy and pathology. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 54:470\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2023.10.009","journal-title":"Curr Probl Diagn Radiol"},{"key":"6175_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2025.11.040","volume":"33","author":"CF Beaulieu","year":"2026","unstructured":"Beaulieu CF, Do B, Lin M, Zandee van Rilland E, Rigas A, Alkim E et al (2026) Creation of radiology teaching content with STELLA\u2014A STandardized Electronic Learning Library and Application Platform. Acad Radiol 33:312\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.acra.2025.11.040","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"key":"6175_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.2464","volume":"17","author":"RN Wilson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wilson RN, Holman PJ, Dragan M, MacPherson REK, Beaudette SM (2024) The effects of supplemental instruction derived from peer leaders on student outcomes in undergraduate human anatomy. Anat Sci Educ 17:1239\u20131250. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ase.2464","journal-title":"Anat Sci Educ"},{"key":"6175_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2021.151802","volume":"239","author":"J Peeler","year":"2022","unstructured":"Peeler J (2022) Efficacy of an intensive 2-week musculoskeletal anatomy course in a medical education setting. Ann Anat 239:151802. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aanat.2021.151802","journal-title":"Ann Anat"},{"key":"6175_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2024.09.017","volume":"80","author":"A Mushtaq","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mushtaq A, Cinti N, Yaseen M, Ho R, Clunie L (2025) Measuring the effectiveness of a radiology-based lecture series on both confidence and career prospects of UK-based undergraduate medical students: a survey-based quantitative study. Clin Radiol 80:106711. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.crad.2024.09.017","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"6175_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tria.2025.100417","volume":"40","author":"N Bandekar","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bandekar N, Mohandas Rao KG, Ashwini AP, Anniesmitha K, George BM (2025) The impact of online educational modules on learning musculoskeletal anatomy for health professionals. A systematic review. Transl Res Anat 40:100417. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tria.2025.100417","journal-title":"Transl Res Anat"},{"key":"6175_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.47895\/amp.v57i10.7519","volume":"57","author":"DAT Rubio","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rubio DAT, Tecson JV, Bundoc RC, Constantino CS (2023) Learner preference on the teaching modalities in musculoskeletal anatomy in the new normal: a cross-sectional study comparing dissection educational videos and self-directed manual to proctor-assisted cadaver dissection. Acta Med Philipp 57:71\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.47895\/amp.v57i10.7519","journal-title":"Acta Med Philipp"},{"key":"6175_CR28","volume-title":"Clinically oriented anatomy","author":"KL Moore","year":"2014","unstructured":"Moore KL, Dalley AF, Agur AMR (2014) Clinically oriented anatomy. Wolters Kluwer Health\/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins"},{"key":"6175_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.22454\/FamMed.2022.975755","volume":"54","author":"V Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu V, Goto K, Carek S, Petrizzi M, Deck JW, Sulapas I et al (2022) Family medicine musculoskeletal medicine education: a CERA study. Fam Med 54:369\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22454\/FamMed.2022.975755","journal-title":"Fam Med"},{"key":"6175_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103089","volume":"31","author":"B Chinene","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chinene B, Bwanga O, Mudadi L, Matika W, Mushosho EY, Mutandiro LC et al (2025) Radiographers\u2019 perceptions regarding the interpretation and reporting of musculoskeletal radiographic images in Zimbabwe. Radiography (Lond) 31:103089. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103089","journal-title":"Radiography (Lond)"},{"key":"6175_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.22454\/FamMed.2024.219090","volume":"57","author":"J Knox","year":"2025","unstructured":"Knox J, Carek SM, Cheerla R, Cochella S, DeCastro AO, Deck JW et al (2025) Recommended elements of a musculoskeletal course for fourth-year medical students: a modified Delphi consensus. Fam Med 57:48\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22454\/FamMed.2024.219090","journal-title":"Fam Med"},{"key":"6175_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2021.04.005","volume":"76","author":"D Dalili","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dalili D, Mackay J, Robinson P, Mansour R, British Society of Skeletal Radiologists (2021) Musculoskeletal radiology training in the UK: a national survey by the British society of skeletal radiologists. Clin Radiol 76:650\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.crad.2021.04.005","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"6175_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1177\/0846537119899525","volume":"72","author":"R Labranche","year":"2021","unstructured":"Labranche R, Lapierre C, Trop I (2021) How well are radiology residents prepared for practice after training? a survey of French-speaking Quebec recent graduates and department chiefs. Can Assoc Radiol J 72:359\u2013371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0846537119899525","journal-title":"Can Assoc Radiol J"},{"key":"6175_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.2145","volume":"15","author":"CC Brown","year":"2022","unstructured":"Brown CC, Arrington SD, Olson JF, Finch CA, Nydam RL (2022) Musculoskeletal ultrasound training encourages self-directed learning and increases confidence for clinical and anatomical appreciation of first-year medical students. Anat Sci Educ 15:508\u2013521. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ase.2145","journal-title":"Anat Sci Educ"},{"key":"6175_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0000000000001842","volume":"28","author":"E Mulcaire-Jones","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mulcaire-Jones E, Barker AM, Beck JP, Lawrence P, Cannon GW, Battistone MJ (2022) Impact of a musculoskeletal mini-residency professional development program on knee magnetic resonance imaging orders by primary care providers. J Clin Rheumatol 28:245\u2013249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/RHU.0000000000001842","journal-title":"J Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"6175_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0044-1781430","volume":"28","author":"M Adriaensen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Adriaensen M, Rupreht M, Martinoli C, Vanhoenacker F, Robinson P, Drakonaki E (2024) The European diploma in musculoskeletal radiology; past, present, and future. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 28:352\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0044-1781430","journal-title":"Semin Musculoskelet Radiol"},{"key":"6175_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2024.04.011","volume":"21","author":"AS Shah","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shah AS, Tulk AH, Shrestha R, Buckner-Petty SA, Fox MG (2024) Analysis of national resident matching program for radiology fellowships: factors affecting program fill rates. J Am Coll Radiol 21:1697\u20131705. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacr.2024.04.011","journal-title":"J Am Coll Radiol"},{"key":"6175_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2024.10.007","volume":"54","author":"M Rohilla","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rohilla M, Kumar S, Mehta P, Jain S, Bindal A, Vilanilam G et al (2025) Musculoskeletal imaging fellowship program directors: a study of educational paths, and scholarly engagement in the United States. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 54:475\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2024.10.007","journal-title":"Curr Probl Diagn Radiol"}],"container-title":["Rheumatology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00296-026-06175-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00296-026-06175-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00296-026-06175-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T15:39:26Z","timestamp":1783525166000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00296-026-06175-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["6175"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-026-06175-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1437-160X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1437-160X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 May 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"None declared.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"No part of this review is copied or published elsewhere in whole or in part. AI was not employed for writing and editing this review.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclaimer"}}],"article-number":"130"}}