{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T08:05:09Z","timestamp":1784275509777,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783296000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Tampere University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rheumatol Int"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    To evaluate the prevalence of comorbidities preceding the diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) compared with the general population. We identified all adult patients granted a special reimbursement (SR) for disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs for PsA between 2002 and 2014 from the Finnish Social Insurance Institution register (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20096077). Three general population controls were matched to each case. Visits to specialized medical care (Classification of Disease 10th revision coded), and prescription drug purchases categorized by Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical codes were collected for cases and controls between 2000 and 2014. We evaluated the period from 24 months before to 3 months after the index date (ID), defined as the date when the SR was granted. SRs granted for other chronic diseases prior to the ID were additionally collected. PsA patients had three times more visits to specialized medical care and increased overall drug use compared with controls. Based on SRs valid at the time of PsA diagnosis, new-onset PsA patients had significantly higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus (women: 11% vs. 7%; men: 14% vs. 10%; all\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), cardiovascular diseases (women: 19% vs. 14%; men: 23% vs. 18%; all\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and obstructive lung diseases (women: 12% vs. 7%; men: 8% vs. 6%; all\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) compared with controls. PsA patients demonstrate increased morbidity already at the time of PsA diagnosis. Screening for comorbidities should therefore be considered when joint disease is clinically apparent.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-026-06212-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T11:10:31Z","timestamp":1783336231000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Psoriatic arthritis patients have increased morbidity already at the time of diagnosis: a case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2738-4242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Laine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2375-705X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Muilu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0786-0858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannu","family":"Kautiainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7470-3070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vappu","family":"Rantalaiho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"6212_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2021.101670","volume":"35","author":"M Kishimoto","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kishimoto M, Deshpande GA, Fukuoka K, Kawakami T, Ikegaya N, Kawashima S et al (2021) Clinical features of psoriatic arthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 35(2):101670. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.berh.2021.101670","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"6212_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3211","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keae198","volume":"63","author":"S Lembke","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lembke S, Macfarlane GJ, Jones GT (2024) The worldwide prevalence of psoriatic arthritis\u2014a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rheumatology 63(12):3211\u20133220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/keae198","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"9","key":"6212_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.14833","volume":"26","author":"YP Loo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Loo YP, Loo CH, Lim AL, Wong CK, Ali NBM, Khor YH et al (2023) Prevalence and risk factors associated with psoriatic arthritis among patients with psoriasis. Int J Rheum Dis 26(9):1788\u20131798. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1756-185X.14833","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"6212_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.06.027","volume":"80","author":"F Alinaghi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alinaghi F, Calov M, Kristensen LE, Gladman DD, Coates LC, Jullien D et al (2019) Prevalence of psoriatic arthritis in patients with psoriasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational and clinical studies. J Am Acad Dermatol 80(1):251\u2013265e19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.06.027","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"6212_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-025-05984-3","volume":"45","author":"G K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7","year":"2025","unstructured":"K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 G, K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 E, Tekeo\u011flu \u0130, Sarg\u0131n B, Cengiz G, Balta NC (2025) Factors influencing the transition time from psoriasis to psoriatic arthritis: a real-world multicenter analysis. Rheumatol Int 45(9):225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-025-05984-3","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"12","key":"6212_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.17212","volume":"63","author":"A Yao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yao A, Wang L, Qi F, Li J, Meng J, Jiang T et al (2024) Risk factors and early detection of joint damage in patients with psoriasis: a case\u2013control study. Int J Dermatol 63(12):1728\u20131734. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ijd.17212","journal-title":"Int J Dermatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"6212_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39494","volume":"68","author":"L Eder","year":"2016","unstructured":"Eder L, Haddad A, Rosen CF, Lee K, Chandran V, Cook R et al (2016) The incidence and risk factors for psoriatic arthritis in patients with psoriasis: a prospective cohort study. Arthritis Rheumatol 68(4):915\u2013923. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.39494","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"6212_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-201299","volume":"71","author":"T Jon Love","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jon Love T, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Wall-Burns L, Ogdie A, Gelfand JM et al (2012) Obesity and the risk of psoriatic arthritis: a population-based study. Ann Rheum Dis 71(8):1273\u20131277. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-201299","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"6212_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-018-4310-0","volume":"38","author":"P Muilu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Muilu P, Rantalaiho V, Kautiainen H, Virta LJ, Eriksson JG, Puolakka K (2019) Increasing incidence and shifting profile of idiopathic inflammatory rheumatic diseases in adults during this millennium. Clin Rheumatol 38(2):555\u2013562. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10067-018-4310-0","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"6212_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105886","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2025.105886","volume":"92","author":"L Heimola","year":"2025","unstructured":"Heimola L, Peltomaa R, Laine A, Kautiainen H, Puolakka K, Rantalaiho V (2025) Evolution of various inflammatory arthritis incidences during 2015\u20132020: a nationwide population-based register study in Finland. Jt Bone Spine 92(4):105886. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbspin.2025.105886","journal-title":"Jt Bone Spine"},{"issue":"2","key":"6212_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000588","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2017-000588","volume":"3","author":"K Shah","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shah K, Paris M, Mellars L, Changolkar A, Mease PJ (2017) Real-world burden of comorbidities in US patients with psoriatic arthritis. RMD Open 3(2):e000588. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/rmdopen-2017-000588","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"6212_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ket343","volume":"53","author":"M Dubreuil","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dubreuil M, Rho YH, Man A, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Love TJ et al (2014) Diabetes incidence in psoriatic arthritis, psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis: a UK population-based cohort study. Rheumatology 53(2):346\u2013352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/ket343","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"6212_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12742","volume":"29","author":"E Edson-Heredia","year":"2015","unstructured":"Edson-Heredia E, Zhu B, Lefevre C, Wang M, Barrett A, Bushe CJ et al (2015) Prevalence and incidence rates of cardiovascular, autoimmune, and other diseases in patients with psoriatic or psoriatic arthritis: a retrospective study using clinical practice research datalink. Acad Dermatol Venereol 29(5):955\u2013963. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jdv.12742","journal-title":"Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6212_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-019-04734-8","volume":"39","author":"SS Zhao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhao SS, Miller N, Harrison N, Duffield SJ, Dey M, Goodson NJ (2020) Systematic review of mental health comorbidities in psoriatic arthritis. Clin Rheumatol 39(1):217\u2013225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10067-019-04734-8","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"6212_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-205212","volume":"74","author":"JF Merola","year":"2015","unstructured":"Merola JF, Wu S, Han J, Choi HK, Qureshi AA (2015) Psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and risk of gout in US men and women. Ann Rheum Dis 74(8):1495\u20131500. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-205212","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"6212_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2751","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-018-4187-y","volume":"37","author":"JF Merola","year":"2018","unstructured":"Merola JF, Herrera V, Palmer JB (2018) Direct healthcare costs and comorbidity burden among patients with psoriatic arthritis in the USA. Clin Rheumatol 37(10):2751\u20132761. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10067-018-4187-y","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"6212_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22492","volume":"67","author":"SR Feldman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Feldman SR, Zhao Y, Shi L, Tran MH, Lu J (2015) Economic and comorbidity burden among moderate-to\u2010severe psoriasis patients with comorbid psoriatic arthritis. Arthritis Care Res 67(5):708\u2013717. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acr.22492","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"6212_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e004490","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2024-004490","volume":"10","author":"C Immediato Daien","year":"2024","unstructured":"Immediato Daien C, Georgescu V, Decarriere G, Mercier G, Morel J (2024) Systematic screening for multimorbidities in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases enhanced preventive medication use and reduced hospitalisations: an exposed-non-exposed study. RMD Open 10(4):e004490. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/rmdopen-2024-004490","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"6212_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-209233","volume":"75","author":"A Baillet","year":"2016","unstructured":"Baillet A, Gossec L, Carmona L, Wit MD, Van Eijk-Hustings Y, Bertheussen H et al (2016) Points to consider for reporting, screening for and preventing selected comorbidities in chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases in daily practice: a EULAR initiative. Ann Rheum Dis 75(6):965\u2013973. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-209233","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"6212_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"rkaf039","DOI":"10.1093\/rap\/rkaf039","volume":"9","author":"A Laine","year":"2025","unstructured":"Laine A, Muilu P, Kautiainen H, Puolakka K, Rantalaiho V (2025) Pain management, prolonged opioid use, initiated anti-rheumatic treatment and psychiatric morbidity in new-onset psoriatic arthritis. Rheumatol Adv Pract 9(2):rkaf039. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rap\/rkaf039","journal-title":"Rheumatol Adv Pract"},{"issue":"7","key":"6212_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.094839","volume":"68","author":"DD Gladman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gladman DD, Ang M, Su L, Tom BDM, Schentag CT, Farewell VT (2009) Cardiovascular morbidity in psoriatic arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 68(7):1131\u20131135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ard.2008.094839","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"6212_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/s40744-020-00206-7","volume":"7","author":"G Dal Bello","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dal Bello G, Gisondi P, Idolazzi L, Girolomoni G (2020) Psoriatic arthritis and diabetes mellitus: a narrative review. Rheumatol Ther 7(2):271\u2013285. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40744-020-00206-7","journal-title":"Rheumatol Ther"},{"issue":"12","key":"6212_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20627","volume":"63","author":"JA Husted","year":"2011","unstructured":"Husted JA, Thavaneswaran A, Chandran V, Eder L, Rosen CF, Cook RJ et al (2011) Cardiovascular and other comorbidities in patients with psoriatic arthritis: a comparison with patients with psoriasis. Arthritis Care Res 63(12):1729\u20131735. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/2Facr.20627","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"6212_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/key286","volume":"58","author":"R Charlton","year":"2019","unstructured":"Charlton R, Green A, Shaddick G, Snowball J, Nightingale A, Tillett W et al (2019) Risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in an incident cohort of people with psoriatic arthritis: a population-based cohort study. Rheumatology 58(1):144\u2013148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/key286","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"6212_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-205675","volume":"74","author":"A Ogdie","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ogdie A, Yu Y, Haynes K, Love TJ, Maliha S, Jiang Y et al (2015) Risk of major cardiovascular events in patients with psoriatic arthritis, psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based cohort study. Ann Rheum Dis 74(2):326\u2013332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-205675","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"6212_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/8717369","volume":"2017","author":"Y Gao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gao Y, Yi X, Ding Y (2017) Combined transcriptomic analysis revealed AKR1B10 played an important role in psoriasis through the dysregulated lipid pathway and overproliferation of keratinocyte. Biomed Res Int 2017:1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2017\/8717369","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"6212_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-015-0528-y","volume":"15","author":"JG Zein","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zein JG, Erzurum SC (2015) Asthma is Different in Women. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 15(6):28. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11882-015-0528-y","journal-title":"Curr Allergy Asthma Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"6212_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201512-2379ED","volume":"193","author":"PJ Barnes","year":"2016","unstructured":"Barnes PJ (2016) Sex differences in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease mechanisms. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 193(8):813\u2013814. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201512-2379ED","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"6212_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1900476","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00476-2019","volume":"54","author":"MT Krishna","year":"2019","unstructured":"Krishna MT, Subramanian A, Adderley NJ, Zemedikun DT, Gkoutos GV, Nirantharakumar K (2019) Allergic diseases and long-term risk of autoimmune disorders: longitudinal cohort study and cluster analysis. Eur Respir J 54(5):1900476. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.00476-2019","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"6","key":"6212_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-023-02539-z","volume":"315","author":"MZ Joel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Joel MZ, Fan R, Damsky W, Cohen JM (2023) Psoriasis associated with asthma and allergic rhinitis: a US-based cross-sectional study using the All of US Research Program. Arch Dermatol Res 315(6):1823\u20131826. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00403-023-02539-z","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"6212_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.4168\/aair.2021.13.4.638","volume":"13","author":"JH Han","year":"2021","unstructured":"Han JH, Bang CH, Han K, Ryu JY, Lee JY, Park YM et al (2021) The risk of psoriasis in patients with allergic diseases: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res 13(4):638. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4168\/aair.2021.13.4.638","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Immunol Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"6212_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-024-02978-2","volume":"316","author":"D Zhao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhao D, Wu S, Wang Y, Zheng H, Zhu M (2024) Association between allergic diseases and both psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: a bidirectional 2-sample Mendelian randomization study. Arch Dermatol Res 316(5):181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00403-024-02978-2","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"6212_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2011.04009.x","volume":"26","author":"Y-Y Chiang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chiang Y-Y, Lin H\u2010W (2012) Association between psoriasis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a population\u2010based study in Taiwan. Acad Dermatol Venereol 26(1):59\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2011.04009.x","journal-title":"Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"6212_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1407871","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1407871","volume":"15","author":"T Fan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fan T et al (2024) PDE4 inhibitors: potential protective effects in inflammation and vascular diseases. Front Pharmacol 15:1407871. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2024.1407871","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6212_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-023-01381-0","volume":"22","author":"S Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu S, He M, Jiang J, Duan X, Chai B, Zhang J et al (2024) Triggers for the onset and recurrence of psoriasis: a review and update. Cell Commun Signal 22(1):108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12964-023-01381-0","journal-title":"Cell Commun Signal"},{"issue":"6","key":"6212_CR36","first-page":"353","volume":"70","author":"O Arican","year":"2004","unstructured":"Arican O, Bilgic K, Koc K (2004) The effect of thyroid hormones in psoriasis vulgaris. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 70(6):353\u2013356","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"issue":"5","key":"6212_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.13459","volume":"56","author":"T Kiguradze","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kiguradze T, Bruins FM, Guido N, Bhattacharya T, Rademaker A, Florek AG et al (2017) Evidence for the association of Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis with psoriasis: a cross-sectional retrospective study. Int J Dermatol 56(5):553\u2013556. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ijd.13459","journal-title":"Int J Dermatology"},{"issue":"21","key":"6212_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2564","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000001810","volume":"134","author":"Y Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang Y, Song ZB, Deng XR, Zhang XH, Zhang ZL (2021) Risk factors associated with osteoporosis and fracture in psoriatic arthritis. Chin Med J (Engl) 134(21):2564\u20132572. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CM9.0000000000001810","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"issue":"5","key":"6212_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.140808","volume":"42","author":"S Wu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wu S, Cho E, Li WQ, Han J, Qureshi AA (2015) Alcohol intake and risk of incident psoriatic arthritis in women. J Rheumatol 42(5):835\u2013840. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3899\/jrheum.140808","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"6212_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2022.152146","volume":"58","author":"ML Ladehesa-Pineda","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ladehesa-Pineda ML, Ortega-Castro R, Puche-Larrubia M\u00c1, Granados REM, Dougados M, Collantes-Est\u00e9vez E et al (2023) Smoking and alcohol consumption are associated with peripheral musculoskeletal involvement in patients with spondyloarthritis (including psoriatic arthritis). Results from the ASAS-PerSpA study. Semin Arthritis Rheum 58:152146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2022.152146","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"6212_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chen Y, Zhou X, Bullard KM, Zhang P, Imperatore G, Rolka DB (2023) Income-related inequalities in diagnosed diabetes prevalence among US adults, 2001-2018. PLoS One 18(4):e0283450. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0283450","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0283450"},{"issue":"1","key":"6212_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwad264","volume":"31","author":"O Hahad","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hahad O, Gilan DA, Chalabi J, Al-Kindi S, Schuster AK, Wicke F et al (2024) Cumulative social disadvantage and cardiovascular disease burden and mortality. Eur J Prev Cardiol 31(1):40\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwad264","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"6212_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23333","volume":"70","author":"C Ballegaard","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ballegaard C, H\u00f8jgaard P, Dreyer L, Cordtz R, J\u00f8rgensen TS, Skougaard M et al (2018) Impact of comorbidities on tumor necrosis factor inhibitor therapy in psoriatic arthritis: a population-based cohort study. Arthritis Care Res 70(4):592\u2013599. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/2Facr.23333","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"6212_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.18553\/jmcp.2018.17421","volume":"25","author":"J Kaine","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kaine J, Song X, Kim G, Hur P, Palmer JB (2019) Higher incidence rates of comorbidities in patients with psoriatic arthritis compared with the general population using U.S. Administrative claims data. JMCP 25(1):122\u2013132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18553\/jmcp.2018.17421","journal-title":"JMCP"},{"issue":"1","key":"6212_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-024-05760-9","volume":"45","author":"S Chandrashekara","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chandrashekara S, Shenoy P, Kumar U, Pandya S, Ghosh A, Khare A (2025) Increase in comorbidities with age among patients with psoriatic arthritis: a multicenter observational study. Rheumatol Int 45(1):23. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-024-05760-9","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"12","key":"6212_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2817","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-024-05740-z","volume":"44","author":"Z Gu\u0142a","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gu\u0142a Z, \u0141osi\u0144ska K, Kuszmiersz P, Strach M, Nowakowski J, Biedro\u0144 G (2024) ym. A comparison of comorbidities and their risk factors prevalence across rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and axial spondyloarthritis with focus on cardiovascular diseases: data from a single center real-world cohort. Rheumatol Int 44(12):2817\u20132828. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-024-05740-z","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"6212_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.25230","volume":"76","author":"A Ishchenko","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ishchenko A, Pazmino S, Neerinckx B, Lories R, De Vlam K (2024) Comorbidities in early psoriatic arthritis: data from the metabolic disturbances in psoriatic arthritis cohort study. Arthritis Care Res 76(2):231\u2013240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acr.25230","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"6212_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.17369","volume":"51","author":"J Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li J, Xiao J, Xie X, Deng S, Zhou G, Wang R et al (2024) Individual joints involvement pattern in psoriatic arthritis: a cross-sectional study in China. J Dermatol 51(12):1607\u20131614. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1346-8138.17369","journal-title":"J Dermatol"}],"container-title":["Rheumatology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00296-026-06212-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00296-026-06212-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00296-026-06212-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T07:17:07Z","timestamp":1784272627000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00296-026-06212-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["6212"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-026-06212-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1437-160X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1437-160X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 May 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A.L. reports two congress trips from AbbVie outside the submitted work. P.M. reports a one-time consulting assignment for Johnson & Johnson and a congress trip from Orion Pharma, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Johnson & Johnson outside the submitted work. V.R. reports speaker\u2019s honoraria from Novartis, AbbVie, Viatris, BMS, Johnson & Johnson, and Medac and participation on an advisory board for Lilly outside the submitted work. H.K. declares no conflicts of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Authorization to access and use the national registers was obtained from the SII. According to Finnish legislation, ethical approval is not required for register-based studies in which study subjects are not contacted.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Authors certify that this work is original, has not been published previously, or generated by AI. Microsoft Copilot was used for language editing. Authors reviewed and revised the text and take full responsibility for the final manuscript.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Disclaimer","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"189"}}