{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T16:36:45Z","timestamp":1792255005780,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785801600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"This work was supported by the Polish Society for Rheumatology. The authors would like to thank Proper Medical Writer for their assistance in conducting the systematic review.","award":["This work was supported by the Polish Society for Rheumatology. The authors would like to thank Proper Medical Writer for their assistance in conducting the systematic review."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["This work was supported by the Polish Society for Rheumatology. The authors would like to thank Proper Medical Writer for their assistance in conducting the systematic review."]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rheumatol Int"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-026-06268-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T04:43:52Z","timestamp":1785818632000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Diagnostic methods of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8389-7399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Lewandowska-Polak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3885-8497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga","family":"Brzezi\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0398-9788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Krawiec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6696-0264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Urszula","family":"Skalska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7857-347X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Krajewska\u2013W\u0142odarczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3939-7194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin","family":"Stajszczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9622-1830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brygida","family":"Kwiatkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9581-0601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zbigniew","family":"\u017buber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0613-1306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Otylia","family":"Kowal-Bielecka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3999-8093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bogdan","family":"Batko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2036-375X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna S.","family":"Makowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"6268_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-025-05789-4","volume":"45","author":"H Prasanna","year":"2025","unstructured":"Prasanna H, Inderjeeth CA, Nossent JC, Almutairi KB (2025) The global prevalence of interstitial lung disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rheumatol Int 45(2):34. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-025-05789-4","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"6268_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2025.152719","volume":"73","author":"SL Heckert","year":"2025","unstructured":"Heckert SL, Maarseveen TD, Marges ER, Chopra A, Vega-Morales D, Toit RD et al (2025) Rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease in countries across the world. Semin Arthritis Rheum 73:152719. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2025.152719","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"6","key":"6268_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-004-0472-y","volume":"25","author":"A Bilgici","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bilgici A, Ulusoy H, Kuru O, Celenk C, Unsal M, Danaci M (2005) Pulmonary involvement in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int 25(6):429\u2013435. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-004-0472-y","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"6268_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00633-2020","volume":"7","author":"MP Mohning","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mohning MP, Amigues I, Demoruelle MK, Fernandez Perez ER, Huie TJ, Keith RK et al (2021) Duration of rheumatoid arthritis and the risk of developing interstitial lung disease. ERJ Open Res 7(1):00633-2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/23120541.00633-2020","journal-title":"ERJ Open Res"},{"key":"6268_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2023.107282","author":"L Fidler","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fidler L, Widdifield J, Fisher JH, Shapera S, Gershon AS (2023) Rheumatoid arthritis associated interstitial lung disease: trends in epidemiology and mortality in Ontario from 2000 to 2018. Respir Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rmed.2023.107282","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"6268_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201004-0622OC","volume":"183","author":"AL Olson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Olson AL, Swigris JJ, Sprunger DB, Fischer A, Fernandez-Perez ER, Solomon J et al (2011) Rheumatoid arthritis-interstitial lung disease-associated mortality. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 183(3):372\u2013378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201004-0622OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"6268_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000787","volume":"33","author":"GC McDermott","year":"2021","unstructured":"McDermott GC, Doyle TJ, Sparks JA (2021) Interstitial lung disease throughout the rheumatoid arthritis disease course. Curr Opin Rheumatol 33(3):284\u2013291. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000787","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6268_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-88734-2","volume":"11","author":"E Cano-Jimenez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cano-Jimenez E, Vazquez Rodriguez T, Martin-Robles I, Castillo Villegas D, Juan Garcia J, Bollo de Miguel E et al (2021) Diagnostic delay of associated interstitial lung disease increases mortality in rheumatoid arthritis. Sci Rep 11(1):9184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-88734-2","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"6268_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42860","volume":"76","author":"SR Johnson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Johnson SR, Bernstein EJ, Bolster MB, Chung JH, Danoff SK, George MD et al (2024) 2023 American College of Rheumatology (ACR)\/American College of Chest Physicians (CHEST) Guideline for the Screening and Monitoring of Interstitial Lung Disease in People with Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases. Arthritis Rheumatol 76(8):1201\u20131213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.42860","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6268_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ard.2025.08.021","volume":"85","author":"KM Antoniou","year":"2026","unstructured":"Antoniou KM, Distler O, Gheorghiu AM, Moor CC, Vikse J, Bizymi N et al (2026) ERS\/EULAR clinical practice guidelines for connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease developed by the task force for connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease of the European Respiratory Society (ERS) and the European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR) Endorsed by the European Reference Network on rare respiratory diseases (ERN-LUNG). Ann Rheum Dis 85(1):22\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ard.2025.08.021","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"6268_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2019.04.005","volume":"49","author":"N Singh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Singh N, Varghese J, England BR, Solomon JJ, Michaud K, Mikuls TR et al (2019) Impact of the pattern of interstitial lung disease on mortality in rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Semin Arthritis Rheum 49(3):358\u2013365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2019.04.005","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"8","key":"6268_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2453","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-024-07028-w","volume":"43","author":"RK Venkat","year":"2024","unstructured":"Venkat RK, Hayashi K, Juge PA, McDermott G, Paudel M, Wang X et al (2024) Forced vital capacity trajectories and risk of lung transplant and ILD-related mortality among patients with rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease. Clin Rheumatol 43(8):2453\u20132466. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10067-024-07028-w","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"6268_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3014","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kead027","volume":"62","author":"SH Chang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chang SH, Lee JS, Ha YJ, Kim MU, Park CH, Lee JS et al (2023) Lung function trajectory of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease. Rheumatology (Oxford) 62(9):3014\u20133024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/kead027","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"6268_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1455346","volume":"15","author":"L Guo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Guo L, Wang J, Li J, Yao J, Zhao H (2024) Biomarkers of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Immunol 15:1455346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1455346","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"10","key":"6268_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2013.05.014","volume":"66","author":"PF Whiting","year":"2013","unstructured":"Whiting PF, Rutjes AW, Westwood ME, Mallett S, Group Q-S (2013) A systematic review classifies sources of bias and variation in diagnostic test accuracy studies. J Clin Epidemiol 66(10):1093\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2013.05.014","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"6268_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.14679","volume":"29","author":"M Otaola","year":"2024","unstructured":"Otaola M, Paulin F, Rosemffet M, Balcazar J, Perandones M, Orausclio P et al (2024) Lung ultrasound is a promising screening tool to rule out interstitial lung disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Respirology 29(7):588\u2013595. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/resp.14679","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"6268_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/reumatismo.2024.1651","author":"R Tanten Zabaleta","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tanten Zabaleta R, Marin J, Zacariaz Hereter JB, Maritano J, Fullana M, Alvarado N et al (2024) Clinical utility of lung ultrasound for the detection of interstitial lung disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Reumatismo. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/reumatismo.2024.1651","journal-title":"Reumatismo"},{"key":"6268_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.2147\/OARRR.S441720","volume":"16","author":"P Santos-Moreno","year":"2024","unstructured":"Santos-Moreno P, Linares-Contreras MF, Rodriguez-Vargas GS, Rodriguez-Linares P, Mata-Hurtado A, Ibata L et al (2024) Usefulness of Lung Ultrasound as a Method for Early Diagnosis of Interstitial Lung Disease in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Open Access Rheumatol 16:9\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/OARRR.S441720","journal-title":"Open Access Rheumatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"6268_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2377","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-021-05655-1","volume":"40","author":"N Mena-Vazquez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mena-Vazquez N, Jimenez-Nunez FG, Godoy-Navarrete FJ, Manrique-Arija S, Aguilar-Hurtado MC, Romero-Barco CM et al (2021) Utility of pulmonary ultrasound to identify interstitial lung disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol 40(6):2377\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10067-021-05655-1","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"6268_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2024-005283","author":"M Vermant","year":"2025","unstructured":"Vermant M, Kalkanis A, Jacob J, Goos T, Cortesi EE, Cypers H et al (2025) Lung ultrasound outperforms symptom-based screening to detect interstitial lung disease associated with rheumatoid arthritis. RMD Open. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/rmdopen-2024-005283","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"issue":"7","key":"6268_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2689","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-021-05585-y","volume":"40","author":"DS Fotoh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fotoh DS, Helal A, Rizk MS, Esaily HA (2021) Serum Krebs von den Lungen-6 and lung ultrasound B lines as potential diagnostic and prognostic factors for rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease. Clin Rheumatol 40(7):2689\u20132697. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10067-021-05585-y","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"6268_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.25351","volume":"76","author":"BK Sofiudottir","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sofiudottir BK, Harders S, Laursen CB, Lage-Hansen PR, Nielsen SM, Just SA et al (2024) Detection of Interstitial Lung Disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis by Thoracic Ultrasound: A Diagnostic Test Accuracy Study. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 76(9):1294\u20131302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acr.25351","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"issue":"2","key":"6268_CR23","first-page":"199","volume":"32","author":"FC Moazedi-Fuerst","year":"2014","unstructured":"Moazedi-Fuerst FC, Kielhauser SM, Scheidl S, Tripolt NJ, Lutfi A, Yazdani-Biuki B et al (2014) Ultrasound screening for interstitial lung disease in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 32(2):199\u2013203","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"6268_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.55563\/clinexprheumatol\/gioptt","volume":"40","author":"M Di Carlo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Di Carlo M, Tardella M, Filippucci E, Carotti M, Salaffi F (2022) Lung ultrasound in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: definition of significant interstitial lung disease. Clin Exp Rheumatol 40(3):495\u2013500. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.55563\/clinexprheumatol\/gioptt","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"6268_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.13130187","volume":"270","author":"D Assayag","year":"2024","unstructured":"Assayag D, Elicker BM, Urbania TH, Colby TV, Kang BH, Ryu JH et al (2024) Rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease: radiologic identification of usual interstitial pneumonia pattern. Radiology 270(2):583\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiol.13130187","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"6268_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep14897","volume":"5","author":"T Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang T, Zheng XJ, Liang BM, Liang ZA (2015) Clinical features of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease. Sci Rep 5:14897. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep14897","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"38","key":"6268_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000017088","volume":"98","author":"F Salaffi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Salaffi F, Carotti M, Di Carlo M, Tardella M, Giovagnoni A (2019) High-resolution computed tomography of the lung in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: prevalence of interstitial lung disease involvement and determinants of abnormalities. Medicine (Baltimore) 98(38):e17088. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000017088","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"6268_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599794","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.599794","volume":"7","author":"H Furukawa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Furukawa H, Oka S, Shimada K, Okamoto A, Hashimoto A, Komiya A et al (2020) Serum Metabolomic Profiling in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients With Interstitial Lung Disease: A Case-Control Study. Front Med (Lausanne) 7:599794. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2020.599794","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"6268_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110760","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2024.110760","volume":"127\u2013128","author":"A Kor","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kor A, G\u00fcven SC, Akan S, Eren F, Ecem Konak H, Mara\u015f Y et al (2024) Serum netrin-1 levels are high in Rheumatoid arthritis associated interstitial lung disease. Clin Biochem 127\u2013128:110760. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2024.110760","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"key":"6268_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12227100","author":"G Matama","year":"2023","unstructured":"Matama G, Okamoto M, Fujimoto K, Johkoh T, Tominaga M, Mukae H et al (2023) Periostin is a biomarker of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease. J Clin Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm12227100","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"6268_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1056121","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2022.1056121","volume":"9","author":"V Pulito-Cueto","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pulito-Cueto V, Remuzgo-Martinez S, Genre F, Atienza-Mateo B, Mora-Cuesta VM, Iturbe-Fernandez D et al (2022) Elevated VCAM-1, MCP-1 and ADMA serum levels related to pulmonary fibrosis of interstitial lung disease associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Front Mol Biosci 9:1056121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmolb.2022.1056121","journal-title":"Front Mol Biosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"6268_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2023.152397","volume":"228","author":"M Rabie","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rabie M, El-Hady HIA, Ibrahim DA, Hassan TH, Abdelhady EI (2023) Plasma Wnt7b protein in rheumatoid arthritis: detection of interstitial lung disease. Immunobiology 228(4):152397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.imbio.2023.152397","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"6268_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-022-01661-w","volume":"45","author":"Z Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang Z, Wang W, Xiang T, Gong B, Xie J (2022) Serum Uric Acid as a Diagnostic Biomarker for Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease. Inflammation 45(4):1800\u20131814. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10753-022-01661-w","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"6268_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1211790","volume":"14","author":"R Yu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yu R, Liu X, Deng X, Li S, Wang Y, Zhang Y et al (2023) Serum CHI3L1 as a biomarker of interstitial lung disease in rheumatoid arthritis. Front Immunol 14:1211790. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1211790","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6268_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-022-01733-x","volume":"46","author":"W Zheng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zheng W, Hu X, Zou M, Hu N, Song W, Wang R et al (2023) Plasma IL-36\u03b1 and IL-36\u03b3 as Potential Biomarkers in Interstitial Lung Disease Associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis: a Pilot Study in the Chinese Population. Inflammation 46(1):285\u2013296. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10753-022-01733-x","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"issue":"5","key":"6268_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0232978","volume":"15","author":"J Avouac","year":"2020","unstructured":"Avouac J, Cauvet A, Steelandt A, Shirai Y, Elhai M, Kuwana M et al (2020) Improving risk-stratification of rheumatoid arthritis patients for interstitial lung disease. PLoS One 15(5):e0232978. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0232978","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"6268_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcdt.2016.01.003","volume":"65","author":"A Sileem","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sileem A, Said A, Alsowey A, Salem S (2016) Clinical significance of serum surfactant protein D in patients with rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung diseases. Egypt J Chest Dis Tuberculosis 65:479\u2013484. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejcdt.2016.01.003","journal-title":"Egypt J Chest Dis Tuberculosis"},{"issue":"1","key":"6268_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/s12865-021-00460-6","volume":"22","author":"L Xu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xu L, Jiang L, Nie L, Zhang S, Liu L, Du Y et al (2021) Soluble programmed death molecule 1 (sPD-1) as a predictor of interstitial lung disease in rheumatoid arthritis. BMC Immunol 22(1):69. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12865-021-00460-6","journal-title":"BMC Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6268_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-025-01128-2","volume":"31","author":"V Pulito-Cueto","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pulito-Cueto V, Atienza-Mateo B, Batista-Liz JC, Sebastian Mora-Gil M, Mora-Cuesta VM, Iturbe-Fernandez D et al (2025) Matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors as upcoming biomarker signatures of connective tissue diseases-related interstitial lung disease: towards an earlier and accurate diagnosis. Mol Med 31(1):70. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s10020-025-01128-2","journal-title":"Mol Med"},{"key":"6268_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241512518","author":"V Pulito-Cueto","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pulito-Cueto V, Remuzgo-Martinez S, Genre F, Atienza-Mateo B, Mora-Cuesta VM, Iturbe-Fernandez D et al (2023) E-Selectin, ICAM-1, and ET-1 biomarkers address the concern of the challenging diagnosis of interstitial lung disease in patients with autoimmune diseases. Int J Mol Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms241512518","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"6268_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112173","volume":"134","author":"Q Fang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fang Q, Xie J, Zong J, Zhou Y, Zhou Q, Yin S et al (2024) Expression and diagnostic value of interleukin-22 in rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease. Int Immunopharmacol 134:112173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112173","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6268_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reuma.2023.05.001","volume":"20","author":"Y Makarem","year":"2024","unstructured":"Makarem Y, Ahmed E, Makboul M, Farghaly S, Mostafa N, El Zohne R, Goma S (2024) CXCL10 as a biomarker of interstitial lung disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Reumatol Clin 20(1):1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.reuma.2023.05.001","journal-title":"Reumatol Clin"},{"issue":"1","key":"6268_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-025-03558-4","volume":"25","author":"J Guo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Guo J, Huang H, Lin S, Wang G, Cen F, Huang S, Liu D, Lin Y, Yu X, Shi S, Ma A (2025) Serum carbohydrate antigen 153 as a predictor of interstitial lung disease associated with rheumatoid arthritis is positively correlated with serum Krebs von den Lungen-6. BMC Pulm Med 25(1):102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12890-025-03558-4","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"6268_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-022-02800-2","volume":"24","author":"Y Qin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Qin Y, Wang Y, Meng F, Feng M, Zhao X, Gao C et al (2022) Identification of biomarkers by machine learning classifiers to assist diagnose rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease. Arthritis Res Ther 24(1):115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13075-022-02800-2","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"6268_CR45","first-page":"587","volume":"34","author":"T Wang","year":"2026","unstructured":"Wang T, Zheng XJ, Ji YL, Liang ZA, Liang BM (2026) Tumour markers in rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease. Clin Exp Rheumatol 34(4):587\u2013591","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6268_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1007\/s40744-021-00288-x","volume":"8","author":"M Zheng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zheng M, Lou A, Zhang H, Zhu S, Yang M, Lai W (2021) Serum KL-6, CA19-9, CA125 and CEA are Diagnostic Biomarkers for Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease in the Chinese Population. Rheumatol Ther 8(1):517\u2013527. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40744-021-00288-x","journal-title":"Rheumatol Ther"},{"key":"6268_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755268","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.755268","volume":"8","author":"L Liang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liang L, Chen J, Di C, Zhan M, Bao H, Xia C et al (2021) Serum Human Epididymis Protein 4 as a Novel Biomarker in Identifying Patients With Interstitial Lung Disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Med (Lausanne) 8:755268. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2021.755268","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"11","key":"6268_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.55563\/clinexprheumatol\/zy6hbf","volume":"40","author":"T Lin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lin T, Xu S, Wang Y, Nian X, Shan X, Jiang T et al (2022) Human epididymis protein 4 as a new diagnostic biomarker for rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease. Clin Exp Rheumatol 40(11):2167\u20132174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.55563\/clinexprheumatol\/zy6hbf","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"6268_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reumae.2021.04.010","volume":"18","author":"G Sargin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sargin G, Yavasoglu I, Senturk T (2022) Immature platelet fraction in rheumatoid arthritis with interstitial lung disease. Reumatol Clin (Engl Ed) 18(7):406\u2013409. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.reumae.2021.04.010","journal-title":"Reumatol Clin (Engl Ed)"},{"key":"6268_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1197458","volume":"14","author":"R Dong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dong R, Sun Y, Xu W, Xiang W, Li M, Yang Q et al (2023) Distribution and clinical significance of anti-carbamylation protein antibodies in rheumatological diseases among the Chinese Han population. Front Immunol 14:1197458. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1197458","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"6268_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.63032\/idqb5912","volume":"3","author":"SA Elsayed","year":"2024","unstructured":"Elsayed SA, Mohafez OM, Saif DS (2024) Anti-mutated citrullinated vimentin antibodies as a biomarker for interstitial lung disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. ARP Rheumatol 3(4):295\u2013303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.63032\/idqb5912","journal-title":"ARP Rheumatol"}],"container-title":["Rheumatology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00296-026-06268-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00296-026-06268-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00296-026-06268-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T03:37:41Z","timestamp":1786937861000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00296-026-06268-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["6268"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-026-06268-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1437-160X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1437-160X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 June 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this manuscript. No financial, personal, or professional relationships exist that could influence the work reported in this paper.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study is a systematic review. For this study ethical approval was not required.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All authors agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work and take full responsibility for the integrity and accuracy of the data and analyses presented. All authors affirm that the manuscript is an original work and is being submitted for consid-eration in Rheumatology International. The authors declare that this manuscript is original and has not been copied or posted. The work has not been submitted to or is not under consideration by any other journal. All content presented in this report is the authors\u2019 own and complies with the publication ethics and guidelines of Rheumatology International.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that no artificial intelligence (AI) tools were used in the design of the study, data collection, data analysis, or interpretation of the results.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"AI use statement","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"229"}}