{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T16:50:01Z","timestamp":1791996601767,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791936000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rheumatol Int"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-026-06324-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T16:26:03Z","timestamp":1791995163000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Consumption of ultra-processed foods among patients with rheumatic diseases: a cross-sectional study and validation of the short screening questionnaire of highly processed food consumption (sQ-HPF) in the Greek language"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7864-5349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleni C.","family":"Pardali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4261-2841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katerina-Maria","family":"Kontouli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9864-049X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marianthi","family":"Karaventza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0815-4700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arriana","family":"Gkouvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9993-1897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tonia","family":"Vassilakou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9697-7902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitrios P.","family":"Bogdanos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4167-6595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria G.","family":"Grammatikopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10520","key":"6324_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2667","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)01565-X","volume":"406","author":"CA Monteiro","year":"2025","unstructured":"Monteiro CA, Louzada MLC, Steele-Martinez E et al (2025) Ultra-processed foods and human health: the main thesis and the evidence. Lancet 406(10520):2667\u20132684. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)01565-X","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"6324_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980018003762","volume":"22","author":"CA Monteiro","year":"2019","unstructured":"Monteiro CA, Cannon G, Levy RB et al (2019) Ultra-processed foods: what they are and how to identify them. Public Health Nutr 22(5):936\u2013941. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1368980018003762","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"6324_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.09.020","volume":"51","author":"A Christ","year":"2019","unstructured":"Christ A, Lauterbach M, Latz E (2019) Western diet and the immune system: an inflammatory connection. Immunity 51(5):794\u2013811. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.09.020","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"6","key":"6324_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15061546","volume":"15","author":"M Tristan Asensi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tristan Asensi M, Napoletano A, Sofi F, Dinu M (2023) Low-grade inflammation and ultra-processed foods consumption: a review. Nutrients 15(6):1546. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu15061546","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"2","key":"6324_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1590\/1516-3180.2018.0363070219","volume":"137","author":"AEda Lopes","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lopes AEda, SC, Ara\u00fajo LF, Levy RB et al (2019) Association between consumption of ultra-processed foods and serum C-reactive protein levels: cross-sectional results from the ELSA-Brasil study. Sao Paulo Med J 137(2):169\u2013176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/1516-3180.2018.0363070219","journal-title":"Sao Paulo Med J"},{"issue":"16","key":"6324_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3309","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14163309","volume":"14","author":"MM Lane","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lane MM, Lotfaliany M, Forbes M et al (2022) Higher ultra-processed food consumption is associated with greater high-sensitivity c-reactive protein concentration in adults: cross-sectional results from the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study. Nutrients 14(16):3309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu14163309","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"6324_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1058373","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.1058373","volume":"9","author":"E Vissers","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vissers E, Wellens J, Sabino J (2022) Ultra-processed foods as a possible culprit for the rising prevalence of inflammatory bowel diseases. Front Med 9:1058373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2022.1058373","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"6324_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ero.2026.03.004","volume":"2","author":"A Alunno","year":"2026","unstructured":"Alunno A, Rodr\u00edguez-Carrio J, van Leuven S et al (2026) Patient awareness and perception of cardiovascular risk in rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases: results from an international survey. EULAR Rheumatol Open 2(2):100156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ero.2026.03.004","journal-title":"EULAR Rheumatol Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"6324_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2025.02.010","volume":"68","author":"Y Zhu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhu Y, Garcia-Larsen V, Bromage S et al (2025) Association between ultraprocessed food intake and self-reported arthritis. Am J Prev Med 68(6):1109\u20131119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amepre.2025.02.010","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"6324_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2024.08.014","volume":"120","author":"H Zhao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhao H, Bai Y, Liu Y et al (2024) Association of ultraprocessed food consumption with risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a retrospective cohort study in the UK Biobank. Am J Clin Nutr 120(4):927\u2013935. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2024.08.014","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"6324_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1814","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keac544","volume":"62","author":"S Ascione","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ascione S, Barde F, Artaud F et al (2023) Association between beverage consumption and risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective study from the French E3N Cohort. Rheumatology 62(5):1814\u20131823. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/keac544","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"6324_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.086918","volume":"100","author":"Y Hu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hu Y, Costenbader KH, Gao X et al (2014) Sugar-sweetened soda consumption and risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis in women. Am J Clin Nutr 100(3):959\u2013967. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/ajcn.114.086918","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"6324_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.25395","volume":"77","author":"S Rossato","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rossato S, Oakes EG, Barbhaiya M et al (2025) Ultraprocessed food intake and risk of systemic lupus erythematosus among women observed in the Nurses\u2019 Health Study cohorts. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 77(1):50\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acr.25395","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"6324_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1610360","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1610360","volume":"16","author":"JY Lee","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lee JY, Mahurkar-Joshi S, Young A et al (2025) Ultra-processed food intake is associated with increased gastrointestinal tract symptoms and alterations in gut microbiota in patients with systemic sclerosis. Front Immunol 16:1610360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1610360","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6324_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-021-01240-6","volume":"19","author":"C Martinez-Perez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Martinez-Perez C, Daimiel L, Climent-Mainar C et al (2022) Integrative development of a short screening questionnaire of highly processed food consumption (sQ-HPF). Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 19(1):6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12966-021-01240-6","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act"},{"issue":"15","key":"6324_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2552","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16152552","volume":"16","author":"N Erdo\u011fan G\u00f6vez","year":"2024","unstructured":"Erdo\u011fan G\u00f6vez N, K\u00f6ksal E, Martinez-Perez C, Daimiel L (2024) Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the screening questionnaire of highly processed food consumption (sQ-HPF). Nutrients 16(15):2552. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu16152552","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"6324_CR17","unstructured":"R Core Team (2016) R: a language and environment for statistical computing. In: R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. https:\/\/www.r-project.org\/. Accessed 4 Jan 2026"},{"issue":"9","key":"6324_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1552","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114522000551","volume":"129","author":"F Silva dos Santos","year":"2023","unstructured":"Silva dos Santos F, Costa Mintem G, Oliveira de Oliveira I et al (2023) Consumption of ultra-processed foods and IL-6 in two cohorts from high- and middle-income countries. Br J Nutr 129(9):1552\u20131562. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0007114522000551","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"6324_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980021004523","volume":"25","author":"GMDS Martins","year":"2022","unstructured":"Martins GMDS, Fran\u00e7a AKTDC, Viola PCDAF et al (2022) Intake of ultra-processed foods is associated with inflammatory markers in Brazilian adolescents. Public Health Nutr 25(3):591\u2013599. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1368980021004523","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"6324_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20010681","volume":"20","author":"W-T Lin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lin W-T, Kao Y-H, Li MS et al (2022) Sugar-sweetened beverages intake, abdominal obesity, and inflammation among US adults without and with prediabetes\u2014an NHANES Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 20(1):681. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph20010681","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"6324_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-018-0699-3","volume":"17","author":"S Hadj Ahmed","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hadj Ahmed S, Kharroubi W, Kaoubaa N et al (2018) Correlation of trans fatty acids with the severity of coronary artery disease lesions. Lipids Health Dis 17(1):52. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12944-018-0699-3","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"key":"6324_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"952691","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.952691","volume":"9","author":"K Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li K, Song H, Wei F et al (2022) High salt intake damages myocardial viability and induces cardiac remodeling via chronic inflammation in the elderly. Front Cardiovasc Med 9:952691. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2022.952691","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"7541","key":"6324_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14232","volume":"519","author":"B Chassaing","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chassaing B, Koren O, Goodrich JK et al (2015) Dietary emulsifiers impact the mouse gut microbiota promoting colitis and metabolic syndrome. Nature 519(7541):92\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature14232","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"6324_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2017.04.045","volume":"107","author":"X Bian","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bian X, Tu P, Chi L et al (2017) Saccharin induced liver inflammation in mice by altering the gut microbiota and its metabolic functions. Food Chem Toxicol 107:530\u2013539. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fct.2017.04.045","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"6324_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.00487","volume":"8","author":"X Bian","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bian X, Chi L, Gao B et al (2017) Gut microbiome response to sucralose and its potential role in inducing liver inflammation in mice. Front Physiol 8:487. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2017.00487","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"6324_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2019.1596878","volume":"60","author":"L Miclotte","year":"2020","unstructured":"Miclotte L, Van de Wiele T (2020) Food processing, gut microbiota and the globesity problem. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 60(11):1769\u20131782. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10408398.2019.1596878","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"6324_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980015002177","volume":"19","author":"CM Luiten","year":"2016","unstructured":"Luiten CM, Steenhuis IHM, Eyles H et al (2016) Ultra-processed foods have the worst nutrient profile, yet they are the most available packaged products in a sample of New Zealand supermarkets. Public Health Nutr 19(3):530\u2013538. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1368980015002177","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"6324_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003950","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003950","volume":"19","author":"C Debras","year":"2022","unstructured":"Debras C, Chazelas E, Srour B et al (2022) Artificial sweeteners and cancer risk: results from the NutriNet-Sant\u00e9 population-based cohort study. PLOS Med 19(3):e1003950. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003950","journal-title":"PLOS Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"6324_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000001161","volume":"38","author":"I Chowdhury","year":"2026","unstructured":"Chowdhury I, Massay R, Stubbs A (2026) Food additives, emulsifiers, microplastics, and ultra-processed foods in rheumatic disease pathogenesis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 38(4):268\u2013273. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BOR.0000000000001161","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"6324_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.05.014","volume":"40","author":"AN Thorburn","year":"2014","unstructured":"Thorburn AN, Macia L, Mackay CR (2014) Diet, metabolites, and western-lifestyle inflammatory diseases. Immunity 40(6):833\u2013842. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.05.014","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"11","key":"6324_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3164","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10113164","volume":"10","author":"IJ Malesza","year":"2021","unstructured":"Malesza IJ, Malesza M, Walkowiak J et al (2021) High-fat, western-style diet, systemic inflammation, and gut microbiota: a narrative review. Cells 10(11):3164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells10113164","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"s1","key":"6324_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"PO02027","DOI":"10.4081\/reumatismo.2025.2010","volume":"77","author":"Gianluca Poncina","year":"2025","unstructured":"Poncina G, Gerdin F, Cozzi G et al(2025) Fast food, slow damage: ultra-processed foods, western diet and inflammatory arthritis. A systematic scoping review. Reumatismo 77(s1):PO02027. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/reumatismo.2025.2010","journal-title":"Reumatismo"},{"issue":"1","key":"6324_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114526106710","volume":"136","author":"H Hu","year":"2026","unstructured":"Hu H, Huang H, Cai L et al (2026) Associations of ultra-processed food intake with bone mineral density and fractures in the UK Biobank. Br J Nutr 136(1):41\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0007114526106710","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"6324_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-026-08039-5","volume":"45","author":"EC Pardali","year":"2026","unstructured":"Pardali EC, Gkouvi A, Goulis DG et al (2026) Eating during immunotherapy sessions: a cross-sectional study of meal quality in patients with rheumatic diseases undergoing intravenous therapy with immunomodulators. Clin Rheumatol 45(3):1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10067-026-08039-5","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6324_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105778","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2024.105778","volume":"92","author":"D Renard","year":"2025","unstructured":"Renard D, Tuffet S, Dieud\u00e9 P et al (2025) Factors associated with dietary practices and beliefs on food of patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases: a multicentre cross-sectional study. Jt Bone Spine 92(1):105778. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbspin.2024.105778","journal-title":"Jt Bone Spine"},{"issue":"4","key":"6324_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.31138\/mjr.31.4.406","volume":"31","author":"AG Markaki","year":"2020","unstructured":"Markaki AG, Gkiouras K, Papakitsos C et al (2020) Disease activity, functional ability and nutritional status in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: an observational study in Greece. Mediterr J Rheumatol 31(4):406\u2013411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31138\/mjr.31.4.406","journal-title":"Mediterr J Rheumatol"},{"key":"6324_CR37","unstructured":"Gkouvi A, Pardali EC, Blouchou A et al (2026) Do women with rheumatic diseases adhere to the Mediterranean diet? A cross-sectional study. Mediterr J Rheumatol. In press, accepted"},{"issue":"3","key":"6324_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.31138\/mjr.31.3.325","volume":"31","author":"P Vranou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vranou P, Gkoutzourelas A, Athanatou D et al (2020) Let food be thy medicine: the case of the Mediterranean diet in rheumatoid arthritis. Med J Rheumatol 31(3):325\u2013329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31138\/mjr.31.3.325","journal-title":"Med J Rheumatol"},{"key":"6324_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metop.2024.100342","volume":"25","author":"EC Pardali","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pardali EC, Gkouvi A, Gkouskou KK et al (2025) Autoimmune protocol diet: a personalized elimination diet for patients with autoimmune diseases. Metab Open 25:100342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.metop.2024.100342","journal-title":"Metab Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"6324_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.31138\/mjr.33.3.271","volume":"33","author":"E Efthymiou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Efthymiou E, Grammatikopoulou MG, Gkiouras K et al (2022) Time to deal with rheumatoid cachexia: prevalence, diagnostic criteria, treatment effects and evidence for management. Mediterr J Rheumatol 33(3):271\u2013290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31138\/mjr.33.3.271","journal-title":"Mediterr J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"6324_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-024-05587-4","volume":"44","author":"WB Grant","year":"2024","unstructured":"Grant WB (2024) The present understanding of the effects of dietary red meat and the Mediterranean diet on rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int 44(8):1581\u20131583. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-024-05587-4","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"6324_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0B013E32831DAC75","volume":"21","author":"K Franck-Larsson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Franck-Larsson K, Graf W, R\u00f6nnblom A (2009) Lower gastrointestinal symptoms and quality of life in patients with systemic sclerosis: a population-based study. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 21(2):176\u2013182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MEG.0B013E32831DAC75","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"6324_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18030517","volume":"18","author":"E Deseatnicova","year":"2026","unstructured":"Deseatnicova E, Covaliov E, Deseatnicova O et al (2026) Impact of nutritional diet therapy on rheumatoid arthritis disease activity. Nutrients 18(3):517. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu18030517","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"1","key":"6324_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.31138\/mjr.34.1.30","volume":"34","author":"MG Grammatikopoulou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Grammatikopoulou MG, Marakis G, Gkiouras K et al (2023) Fly me to the immune: immunonutrition in rheumatic diseases. Mediterr J Rheumatol 34(1):30. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31138\/mjr.34.1.30","journal-title":"Mediterr J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"6324_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3390","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13103390","volume":"13","author":"D Martini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Martini D, Godos J, Bonaccio M et al (2021) Ultra-processed foods and nutritional dietary profile: a meta-analysis of nationally representative samples. Nutrients 13(10):3390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu13103390","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"19","key":"6324_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3144","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17193144","volume":"17","author":"EC Pardali","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pardali EC, Gkouvi A, Grammatikopoulou MG et al (2025) Nutritional status and dietary challenges in patients with systemic sclerosis: a comprehensive review. Nutrients 17(19):3144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu17193144","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"6324_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pardali EC, Kontouli K-M, Gkouvi A et al (2026) Lupus diagnosis is associated with an increased risk of orthorexia: a cross-sectional analysis of a mixed rheumatic diseases patient sample. Rheumatol Int","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-026-06107-2"},{"key":"6324_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmedr.2016.07.010","volume":"4","author":"SC de Andrade","year":"2016","unstructured":"de Andrade SC, Previdelli \u00c1N, Cesar CLG et al (2016) Trends in diet quality among adolescents, adults and older adults: a population-based study. Prev Med Rep 4:391\u2013396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pmedr.2016.07.010","journal-title":"Prev Med Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"6324_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954422423000240","volume":"37","author":"SJ Dicken","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dicken SJ, Qamar S, Batterham RL (2024) Who consumes ultra-processed food? A systematic review of sociodemographic determinants of ultra-processed food consumption from nationally representative samples. Nutr Res Rev 37(2):416\u2013456. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0954422423000240","journal-title":"Nutr Res Rev"},{"issue":"16","key":"6324_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2999","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980019001514","volume":"22","author":"K Koiwai","year":"2019","unstructured":"Koiwai K, Takemi Y, Hayashi F et al (2019) Consumption of ultra-processed foods decreases the quality of the overall diet of middle-aged Japanese adults. Public Health Nutr 22(16):2999\u20133008. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1368980019001514","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"6324_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2019.05.008","volume":"30","author":"KD Hall","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hall KD, Ayuketah A, Brychta R et al (2019) Ultra-processed diets cause excess calorie intake and weight gain: an inpatient randomized controlled trial of Ad libitum food intake. Cell Metab 30(1):67\u201377e3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2019.05.008","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"6324_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-021-01559-z","volume":"45","author":"L Al-Mansoori","year":"2022","unstructured":"Al-Mansoori L, Al-Jaber H, Prince MS, Elrayess MA (2022) Role of inflammatory cytokines, growth factors and adipokines in adipogenesis and insulin resistance. Inflammation 45(1):31\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10753-021-01559-z","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"issue":"1","key":"6324_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advnut.2023.09.009","volume":"15","author":"M Vitale","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vitale M, Costabile G, Testa R et al (2024) Ultra-processed foods and human health: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Adv Nutr 15(1):100121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.advnut.2023.09.009","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"key":"6324_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Blanco-Lopez J, Yammine S, Rothwell JA et al (2026) Circulating metabolites and fatty acids associated with ultra-processed food consumption: results from the EPIC study. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10408398.2026.2629025","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2026.2629025"},{"key":"6324_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e077310","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2023-077310","volume":"384","author":"MM Lane","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lane MM, Gamage E, Du S et al (2024) Ultra-processed food exposure and adverse health outcomes: umbrella review of epidemiological meta-analyses. BMJ 384:e077310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj-2023-077310","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"48","key":"6324_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e403","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2023.38.e403","volume":"38","author":"O Zimba","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zimba O, Gasparyan AY (2023) Designing, conducting, and reporting survey studies: a primer for researchers. J Korean Med Sci 38(48):e403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3346\/jkms.2023.38.e403","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"}],"container-title":["Rheumatology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00296-026-06324-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00296-026-06324-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00296-026-06324-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T16:26:08Z","timestamp":1791995168000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00296-026-06324-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["6324"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-026-06324-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1437-160X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1437-160X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 August 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 September 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 October 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and publication of this article.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"<b>Conflict of interest<\/b>","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All procedures followed ethical standards per the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its amendments. The present study was approved by the Larissa Hospital Scientific Board (30\/3rd\/20-02-2025).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all patients.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"<b>Consent for publication<\/b>","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"No part of this manuscript, including text and graphics, is copied or published elsewhere in whole or in part, or generated by AI. An oral presentation of this work was delivered at the 8th Polythematic Panhellenic Congress on Autoimmune Diseases, Rheumatology, and Clinical Immunology, held September 11\u201313, 2026, in Lefkada, Greece, while pilot findings were also presented at the 30th Panhellenic Rheumatology Congress, held in Athens, Greece.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Disclaimer","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"288"}}