{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:02:08Z","timestamp":1787065328358,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,27]],"date-time":"2006-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1153958400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-006-0346-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,26]],"date-time":"2006-07-26T04:38:44Z","timestamp":1153888724000},"page":"820-834","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":119,"title":["Carotid and vertebral artery dissections: clinical aspects, imaging features and endovascular treatment"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Christine M.","family":"Flis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. Rolf","family":"J\u00e4ger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul S.","family":"Sidhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"346_CR1","first-page":"575","volume":"155","author":"X Ducrocq","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ducrocq X, Lacour JC, Debouverie M, Bracard S, Girard F, Weber M (1999) Accidents vasculaires cerebraux ischemiques du sujet jeune: etude prospective de 296 patients ages de 16 a 45 ans. Rev Neurol (Paris) 155:575\u2013582","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)"},{"key":"346_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.16.6.925","volume":"16","author":"RG Hart","year":"1985","unstructured":"Hart RG, Easton JD (1985) Dissections. Stroke 16:925\u2013927","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"346_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2646","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.29.12.2646","volume":"29","author":"C Lucas","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lucas C, Moulin T, Deplanque D, Tatu L, Chavot D (1998) Stroke patterns of internal carotid artery dissection in 40 patients. Stroke 29:2646\u20132648","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"346_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1987.00520170009012","volume":"44","author":"J Bogousslavsky","year":"1987","unstructured":"Bogousslavsky J, Regli F (1987) Ischemic stroke in adults younger than 30\u00a0years of age: cause and prognosis. Arch Neurol 44:479\u2013482","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"346_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1177\/000331975400500306","volume":"5","author":"A Jentzer","year":"1954","unstructured":"Jentzer A (1954) Dissecting aneurysm of the left internal carotid artery. Angiology 5:232\u2013234","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"key":"346_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-199503000-00019","volume":"19","author":"JM Provenzale","year":"1995","unstructured":"Provenzale JM, Barboriak DP, Taveras JM (1995) Exercise-related dissection of craniocervical arteries: CT, MR and angiographic findings. J Comput Assit Tomogr 19:268\u2013276","journal-title":"J Comput Assit Tomogr"},{"key":"346_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00315659","volume":"237","author":"B Mokri","year":"1990","unstructured":"Mokri B (1990) Traumatic and spontaneous extracranial internal carotid artery dissections. J Neurol 237:356\u2013361","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"346_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1986.00520120019010","volume":"43","author":"J Biller","year":"1986","unstructured":"Biller J, Hingtgen WL, Adams HP, Smoker WRK, Godersky JC, Toffol GJ (1986) Cervicocephalic arterial dissections. A ten-year experience. Arch Neurol 43:1234\u20131238","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"346_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1093\/neurosurgery\/26.CN_suppl_1.353","volume":"26","author":"MG Luken","year":"1975","unstructured":"Luken MG, Ascherl GF, Correll JW, Hilal SK (1975) Spontaneous dissections of the extracranial internal carotid artery. Clin Neurosurg 26:353\u2013357","journal-title":"Clin Neurosurg"},{"key":"346_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1159\/000081862","volume":"52","author":"MJ Descamps","year":"2004","unstructured":"Descamps MJ, Lewis MJ, Hart PE, Brew S, Jager HR, Greenwood R (2004) Brainstem infarction during long-haul air travel. Eur Neurol 52:181\u2013184","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"key":"346_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-003-0944-x","volume":"45","author":"RN Nadgir","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nadgir RN, Loevner LA, Ahmed T, Moonis G, Chalela J, Slawek K et al (2003) Simultaneous bilateral internal carotid and vertebral artery dissection following chiropractic manipulation: case report and review of the literature. Neuroradiol 45:311\u2013314","journal-title":"Neuroradiol"},{"key":"346_CR12","first-page":"889","volume":"18","author":"JL Mas","year":"1987","unstructured":"Mas JL, Bousser MG, Hasboun D, Laplane D (1987) Extracranial vertebral artery dissection. A review of 13 cases. Stroke 18:889\u2013903","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"346_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.25.4.889","volume":"25","author":"WI Schievink","year":"1994","unstructured":"Schievink WI, Michels VV, Piepgras DG (1994) Neurovascular manifestations of heritable connective tissue disorders: a review. Stroke 25:889\u2013903","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"346_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2492","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.25.12.2492","volume":"25","author":"WI Schievink","year":"1994","unstructured":"Schievink WI, Bjornsson J, Piepgras DG (1994) Coexistance of fibromuscular dysplasia and cystic medial necrosis in a patient with Marfan\u2019s syndrome and bilateral carotid artery dissections. Stroke 25:2492\u20132496","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"346_CR15","first-page":"291","volume":"15","author":"S Karacagil","year":"1996","unstructured":"Karacagil S, Hardemark HG, Bergovist D (1996) Spontaneous internal carotid artery dissection. Int Angiol 15:291\u2013294","journal-title":"Int Angiol"},{"key":"346_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410190204","volume":"19","author":"B Mokri","year":"1986","unstructured":"Mokri B, Sundt TH, Houser OW, Piepgras DG (1986) Spontaneous dissection of the cervical internal carotid artery. Ann Neurol 19:126\u2013138","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"346_CR17","first-page":"466","volume":"2","author":"G Ast","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ast G, Woimant F, Georges B, Laurian C, Haguenau M (1993) Spontaneous dissection of the internal carotid artery in 68 patients. Eur J Med 2:466\u2013472","journal-title":"Eur J Med"},{"key":"346_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-199603000-00004","volume":"20","author":"JM Provenzale","year":"1996","unstructured":"Provenzale JM, Morgenlander JC, Georges B, Laurian C, Haguenau M (1996) Spontaneous vertebral dissection: clinical, conventional angiographic, CT, and MR findings. J Comput Assit Tomogr 20:185\u2013193","journal-title":"J Comput Assit Tomogr"},{"key":"346_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00339566","volume":"27","author":"J Chiras","year":"1985","unstructured":"Chiras J, Marciano S, Molina J, Touboul J, Poirier B, Bories J (1985) Spontaneous dissecting aneurysm of the extracranial vertebral artery (20 cases). Neuroradiol 27:327\u2013333","journal-title":"Neuroradiol"},{"key":"346_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.38.6.880","volume":"38","author":"B Mokri","year":"1988","unstructured":"Mokri B, Houser OW, Sandok BA (1988) Spontaneous dissections of the vertebral arteries. Neurology 38:880\u2013885","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"346_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.1994.hed3404187.x","volume":"34","author":"M Sturzenegger","year":"1994","unstructured":"Sturzenegger M (1994) Headache and neck pain: the warning symptoms of vertebral artery dissection. Headache 34:187\u2013193","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"346_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-2982.1994.1401033.x","volume":"14","author":"V Biousse","year":"1994","unstructured":"Biousse V, D\u2019Anglejan-Chatillon J, Massiou H, Bousser MG (1994) Head pain in nontraumatic carotid artery dissection: a series of 65 patients. Cephalgia 14:33\u201336","journal-title":"Cephalgia"},{"key":"346_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.75.5.434","volume":"75","author":"MJ Davies","year":"1996","unstructured":"Davies MJ, Treasure T, Richardson PD (1996) The pathogenesis of spontaneous arterial dissection. Heart 75:434\u2013435","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"346_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199107000-00015","volume":"29","author":"J Anson","year":"1991","unstructured":"Anson J, Crowell RM (1991) Cervicocranial arterial dissection. Neurosurg 29:89\u201396","journal-title":"Neurosurg"},{"key":"346_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100024331","volume":"5","author":"CM Fisher","year":"1978","unstructured":"Fisher CM, Ojemann RG, Roberson GH (1978) Spontaneous dissection of cervico-cerebral arteries. Can J Neurol Sci 5:9\u201319","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"346_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199402103300604","volume":"330","author":"WI Schievink","year":"1994","unstructured":"Schievink WI, Mokri B, O\u2019Fallon WM (1994) Recurrent spontaneous cervical-artery dissection. N Engl J Med 330:393\u2013397","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"346_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-004-2632-6","volume":"15","author":"P Vilela","year":"2005","unstructured":"Vilela P, Goulao A (2005) Ischemic stroke: carotid and vertebral artery disease. Eur Radiol 15:427\u2013433","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"346_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2757","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.21.2757","volume":"285","author":"RJ Wityk","year":"2001","unstructured":"Wityk RJ (2001) Stroke in a healthy 46-year-old man. JAMA 285:2757\u20132762","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"346_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.190.1.8259436","volume":"190","author":"C Levy","year":"1994","unstructured":"Levy C, Laissy JP, Raveau V, Amarenco P, Servois V, Bousser MG et al (1994) Carotid and vertebral artery dissections: three-dimensional time-of-flight MR angiography and MR imaging versus conventional angiography. Radiology 190:97\u2013103","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"346_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.16.6.1030","volume":"16","author":"LP Caplan","year":"1985","unstructured":"Caplan LP, Zarins CK, Hemmati M (1985) Spontaneous dissection of the extracranial vertebral arteries. Stroke 16:1030\u20131038","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"346_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.54.10.863","volume":"54","author":"P Hinse","year":"1991","unstructured":"Hinse P, Thie A, Lachenmayer L (1991) Dissection of the extracranial vertebral artery: a report of four cases and a review of the literature. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 54:863\u2013869","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"346_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.46.2.356","volume":"46","author":"B Mokri","year":"1996","unstructured":"Mokri B, Silbert PL, Schievink WI, Piepgras DG (1996) Cranial nerve palsy in spontaneous dissection of the extracranial internal carotid artery. Neurology 46:356\u2013359","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"346_CR33","first-page":"55","volume":"96","author":"M Gobert","year":"1996","unstructured":"Gobert M, Mounier-Vehier F, Lucas C, Leclerc X, Leys D (1996) Cranial nerve palsies due to internal carotid artery dissection: seven cases. Acta Neurol Belg 96:55\u201361","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Belg"},{"key":"346_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.44.9.1607","volume":"44","author":"WI Schievink","year":"1994","unstructured":"Schievink WI, Mokri B, Piepgras DG (1994) Spontaneous dissections of the cervicocephalic arteries in childhood and adolescence. Neurology 44:1607\u20131612","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"346_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.38.6.868","volume":"38","author":"LR Caplan","year":"1988","unstructured":"Caplan LR, Baquis GD, Pessin MS, D\u2019Alton J, Adelman LS, DeWitt LD et al (1988) Dissection of the intracranial vertebral artery. Neurology 38:868\u2013877","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"346_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-005-1346-z","volume":"47","author":"B Ramgren","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ramgren B, Cronqvist M, Romner B, Brandt L, Holtas S, Larsson EM (2005) Vertebrobasilar dissection with subarachnoid hemorrhage: a retrospective study of 29 patients. Neuroradiol 47:158\u2013164","journal-title":"Neuroradiol"},{"key":"346_CR37","first-page":"1421","volume":"24","author":"J Rabinov","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rabinov J, Hellinger F, Morris P, Ogilvy C, Putman C (2003) Endovascular management of vertebrobasilar dissecting aneurysms. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 24:1421\u20131428","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"346_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-5214(84)90003-X","volume":"1","author":"W Sandmann","year":"1984","unstructured":"Sandmann W, Hennerici M, Aulich A, Kniemeyer H, Kremer KW (1984) Progress in carotid artery surgery at the base of the skull. J Vasc Surg 1:734\u2013743","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"346_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1678","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.24.11.1678","volume":"24","author":"WI Schievink","year":"1993","unstructured":"Schievink WI, Mokri B, Whisnant JP (1993) Internal carotid artery dissection in a community. Rochester. Minnesota. 1987\u20131992. Stroke 24:1678\u20131680","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"346_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-5214(96)70075-7","volume":"24","author":"GS Treiman","year":"1996","unstructured":"Treiman GS, Treiman RL, Foran RF, Levin PM, Cohen JL, Wagner WH et al (1996) Spontaneous dissection of the internal carotid artery: a nineteen-year clinical experience. J Vasc Surg 24:597\u2013605","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"346_CR41","first-page":"86","volume":"21","author":"T Hirai","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hirai T, Korogi Y, Ikushima I, Shigematsu Y, Morishita S, Yamashita Y (2003) Intracranial artery dissections: serial evaluation with MR imaging, MR angiography, and source images of MR angiography. Radiat Med 21:86\u201393","journal-title":"Radiat Med"},{"key":"346_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00593048","volume":"32","author":"U Grzyska","year":"1990","unstructured":"Grzyska U, Freitag mJ, Zeumer H (1990) Selective cerebral intraarterial DSA. Complication rate and control of risk factors. Neuroradiol 32:296\u2013299","journal-title":"Neuroradiol"},{"key":"346_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1977.00500160065013","volume":"34","author":"NS Roome","year":"1977","unstructured":"Roome NS, Aberfeld DC (1977) Spontaneous dissecting aneurysm of the internal carotid artery. Arch Neurol 34:251\u2013252","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"346_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1981.00510040082016","volume":"38","author":"J Weinberger","year":"1981","unstructured":"Weinberger J (1981) Doppler pulse waveform analysis of carotid artery flow in dissecting aortic aneurysm. Arch Neurol 38:256\u2013257","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"346_CR45","first-page":"27","volume":"5","author":"OW Houser","year":"1984","unstructured":"Houser OW, Mokri B, Sundt TM, Baker HL, Reese DF (1984) Spontaneous cervical cephalic arterial dissection and its residuum: angiographic spectrum. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 5:27\u201334","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"346_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8619(18)31177-0","volume":"1","author":"RG Hart","year":"1983","unstructured":"Hart RG, Easton JD (1983) Dissections of cervical and cerebral arteries. Neurol Clin 1:155\u2013182","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"key":"346_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-002-0838-3","volume":"45","author":"O Pelkonen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pelkonen O, Tikkakoski T, Leinonen S, Pyhtinen J, Lepojarvi M, Sotaniemi K (2003) Extracranial internal carotid and vertebral artery dissections: angiographic spectrum, course and prognosis. Neuroradiology 45:71\u201377","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"346_CR48","first-page":"283","volume":"13","author":"DP Friedman","year":"1992","unstructured":"Friedman DP, Flanders AE (1992) Unusual dissection of the proximal vertebral artery: description of 3 cases. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 13:283\u2013286","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"346_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1968.29.5.0540","volume":"29","author":"FA Simeone","year":"1968","unstructured":"Simeone FA, Goldberg HI (1968) Thrombosis of the vertebral artery from hyperextension injury to the neck. J Neurosurg 29:540\u2013543","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"346_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1097\/00001573-200009000-00002","volume":"15","author":"WI Schievink","year":"2000","unstructured":"Schievink WI (2000) The treatment of spontaneous carotid and vertebral artery dissections. Curr Opin Cardiol 15:316\u2013321","journal-title":"Curr Opin Cardiol"},{"key":"346_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.32.2.418","volume":"32","author":"E Touze","year":"2001","unstructured":"Touze E, Randoux B, Meary E, Arquizan C, Meder JF, Mas JL (2001) Aneurysmal forms of cervical artery dissection. Associated factors and outcome. Stroke 32:418\u2013423","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"346_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.25.5.998","volume":"25","author":"W Steinke","year":"1994","unstructured":"Steinke W, Rautenberg W, Schwartz A, Hennerici M (1994) Noninvasive monitoring of internal carotid artery dissection. Stroke 25:998\u20131005","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"346_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1053\/ejvs.2001.1592","volume":"23","author":"K Logason","year":"2002","unstructured":"Logason K, Hardemark HG, Barlin T, Bergqvist D, Ahlstom H, Karacagil S (2002) Duplex scan findings in patients with spontaneous cervical artery dissections. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 23:295\u2013298","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"key":"346_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.1989.8.3.149","volume":"8","author":"EI Bluth","year":"1989","unstructured":"Bluth EI, Shyn PB, Sullivan M, Merritt CR (1989) Doppler color flow imaging of carotid artery dissection. J Ultrasound Med 8:149\u2013153","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"346_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.1997.0008","volume":"70","author":"PS Sidhu","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sidhu PS, Jonker ND, Khaw KT, Patel N, Blomley MJK, Ray-Chaudhuri K et al (1997) Spontaneous dissections of the internal carotid artery: appearances on color Doppler ultrasound. Br J Radiol 70:50\u201357","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"346_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.1991.10.11.607","volume":"10","author":"DJ Gardner","year":"1991","unstructured":"Gardner DJ, Gosink BB, Kallman CE (1991) Internal carotid artery dissections: duplex ultrasound imaging. J Ultrasound Med 10:607\u2013614","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"346_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.45.4.691","volume":"45","author":"M Sturzenegger","year":"1995","unstructured":"Sturzenegger M, Mattle HP, Rivoir A, Baumgartner RW (1995) Ultrasound findings in carotid artery dissection: analysis of 43 patients. Neurology 45:691\u2013698","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"346_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-198408000-00003","volume":"8","author":"V Waluch","year":"1984","unstructured":"Waluch V, Bradley WG (1984) NMR even echo rephasing in slow laminar flow. J Comput Assit Tomogr 8:594\u2013598","journal-title":"J Comput Assit Tomogr"},{"key":"346_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00588399","volume":"35","author":"S Aggarwal","year":"1999","unstructured":"Aggarwal S, Kucharczyk W, Keller MA (1999) Asymptomatic postendarterectomy dissection of the internal carotid artery detected incidentally on MRI. Neuroradiol 35:586\u2013587","journal-title":"Neuroradiol"},{"key":"346_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1910","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.24.12.1910","volume":"24","author":"M Sturzenegger","year":"1993","unstructured":"Sturzenegger M, Mattle HP, Rivoir A, Rihs F, Schmid C (1993) Ultrasound findings in spontaneous extracranial vertebral artery dissection. Stroke 24:1910\u20131921","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"346_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.158.1.3940374","volume":"158","author":"HI Goldberg","year":"1986","unstructured":"Goldberg HI, Grossman RI, Gomori JM, Asbury AK, Bilaniuk LT, Zimmerman RA (1986) Cervical internal carotid artery dissecting hemorrhage: diagnosis using MR. Radiology 158:157\u2013161","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"346_CR62","first-page":"20","volume":"15","author":"K Stringaris","year":"1996","unstructured":"Stringaris K, Liberopoulos K, Giaka E, Kokkinis K, Bastounis E, Klonaris EC et al (1996) Three-dimensional time-of-flight MR angiography and MR imaging versus conventional angiography in carotid artery dissections. Int Angiol 15:20\u201325","journal-title":"Int Angiol"},{"key":"346_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.25.3.571","volume":"25","author":"C Kitanaka","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kitanaka C, Tanaka J, Kuwahara M, Teraoka A (1994) Magnetic resonance imaging study of intracranial vertebrobasilar artery dissections. Stroke 25:571\u2013575","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"346_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1007\/s002340050668","volume":"40","author":"E Kirsch","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kirsch E, Kaim A, Engelter S, Lyrer P, Stock KW, Bongartz G et al (1998) MR angiography in internal carotid artery dissection: improvement of diagnosis by selective demonstration of the intraluminal haematoma. Neuroradiology 40:704\u2013709","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"346_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-199011000-00005","volume":"14","author":"B Schwaighofer","year":"1990","unstructured":"Schwaighofer B, Klein MV, Lyden PD, Hesselink JR (1990) MR imaging of vertebrobasilar vascular disease. J Comput Assit Tomogr 14:895\u2013904","journal-title":"J Comput Assit Tomogr"},{"key":"346_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.25.3.576","volume":"25","author":"M Zuber","year":"1994","unstructured":"Zuber M, Meary E, Meder JF, Mas JL (1994) Magnetic resonance imaging and dynamic CT scan in cervical dissections. Stroke 25:576\u2013581","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"346_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.170.3.2916041","volume":"170","author":"ER Heinz","year":"1989","unstructured":"Heinz ER, Yeates AE, Djang WT (1989) Significant extracranial carotid stenosis: detection on routine cerebral MR images. Radiology 170:843\u2013848","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"346_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.152.6.1271","volume":"152","author":"BH Katz","year":"1989","unstructured":"Katz BH, Quencer RM, Kaplan JO, Hinks RS, Post MJ (1989) MR imaging of intracranial carotid occlusion. AJR Am J Roentgenol 152:1271\u20131276","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"346_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.165.5.7572483","volume":"165","author":"JM Provenzale","year":"1995","unstructured":"Provenzale JM (1995) Dissection of the internal carotid and vertebral arteries: imaging features. AJR Am J Roentgenol 165:1099\u20131104","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"346_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00588245","volume":"33","author":"F Gelbert","year":"1991","unstructured":"Gelbert F, Assouline E, Hodes JE, Reizine D, Woimant F, George B et al (1991) MRI in spontaneous dissection of vertebral and carotid arteries. 15 cases studied at 0.5 tesla. Neuroradiol 33:111\u2013113","journal-title":"Neuroradiol"},{"key":"346_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.199.1.8633145","volume":"199","author":"C Ozdoba","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ozdoba C, Sturzenegger MN, Schroth G (1996) Internal carotid artery dissection. MR imaging features and clinical-radiologic correlation. Radiology 199:191\u2013198","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"346_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.18.6.1018","volume":"18","author":"P Grolimund","year":"1987","unstructured":"Grolimund P, Seller RW, Aaslid R, Huber P, Zurbruegg H (1987) Evaluation of cerebrovascular disease by combined extracranial and transcranial Doppler sonography. Experience in 1,039 patients. Stroke 18:1018\u20131024","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"346_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.150.2.419","volume":"150","author":"WD Middleton","year":"1988","unstructured":"Middleton WD, Foley WD, Lawson TL (1988) Color-flow Doppler imaging of carotid artery abnormalities. AJR Am J Roentgenol 150:419\u2013425","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"346_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-198312000-00003","volume":"7","author":"JT Sipponen","year":"1983","unstructured":"Sipponen JT, Sepponen RE, Sivula A (1983) Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging of intracerebral hemorrhage in the acute and resolving phases. J Comput Assit Tomogr 7:954\u2013960","journal-title":"J Comput Assit Tomogr"},{"key":"346_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-005-2679-z","volume":"15","author":"KY Tay","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tay KY, U-King-Im JM, Trivedi RA, Higgins NJ, Cross JR, Weissberg PL et al (2005) Imaging the vertebral artery. Eur Radiol 15:1329\u20131343","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"346_CR76","volume-title":"Pathology and surgery","author":"B George","year":"1987","unstructured":"George B, Laurian C (1987) The vertebral artery. Pathology and surgery. Springer Verlag, Vienna"},{"key":"346_CR77","first-page":"1482","volume":"20","author":"X Leclerc","year":"1999","unstructured":"Leclerc X, Lucas C, Godefroy O, Nicol L, Moretti A, Leys D et al (1999) Preliminary experience using contrast-enhanced MR angiography to assess vertebral artery structure for the follow-up of suspected dissection. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 20:1482\u20131490","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"346_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"s208","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-004-1334-8","volume":"46","author":"B Schuknecht","year":"2004","unstructured":"Schuknecht B (2004) Latest techniques in head and neck CT angiography. Neuroradiol 46:s208\u2013s213","journal-title":"Neuroradiol"},{"key":"346_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.27.3.461","volume":"27","author":"X Leclerc","year":"1996","unstructured":"Leclerc X, Godefroy O, Salhi A, Lucas C, Leys D, Pruvo JP (1996) Helical CT for the diagnosis of extracranial internal carotid artery dissection. Stroke 27:461\u2013466","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"346_CR80","first-page":"769","volume":"25","author":"CJ Chen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chen CJ, Tseng YC, Lee TH, Hsu HL, See LC (2004) Multisection CT angiography compared with catheter angiography in diagnosing vertebral artery dissection. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 25:769\u2013774","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"346_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.26.2.235","volume":"26","author":"V Biousse","year":"1995","unstructured":"Biousse V, D\u2019Anglejan-Chatillon J, Touboul PJ, Amarenco P, Bousser MG (1995) Time course of symptoms in extracranial carotid artery dissections. A series of 80 patients. Stroke 26:235\u2013239","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"346_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.27.7.1226","volume":"27","author":"J Srinivasan","year":"1996","unstructured":"Srinivasan J, Newell DW, Sturzenegger M, Mayberg MR, Winn HR (1996) Transcranial Doppler in the evaluation of internal carotid artery dissection. Stroke 27:1226\u20131230","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"346_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1159\/000117396","volume":"37","author":"D Leys","year":"1997","unstructured":"Leys D, Lucas C, Gobert M, Deklunder G, Pruvo JP (1997) Cervical artery dissections. Eur Neurol 37:3\u201312","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"key":"346_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.59.4.549","volume":"59","author":"M Arnold","year":"2002","unstructured":"Arnold M, Nedeltchev K, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G, Loher TJ (2002) Thrombolysis in patients with acute stroke caused by cervical artery dissection: analysis of 9 patients and review of the literature. Arch Neurol 59:549\u2013553","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"346_CR85","first-page":"597","volume":"24","author":"O Coffin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Coffin O, Maiza D, Galateau-Salle F, Martel B, Vignon C, Neri E et al (2004) Results of surgical management of internal carotid artery aneurysm by the cervical approach. Ann Vasc Surg 24:597\u2013605","journal-title":"Ann Vasc Surg"},{"key":"346_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1067\/mva.2000.104586","volume":"31","author":"BT Muller","year":"2000","unstructured":"Muller BT, Luther B, Hort W, Neumann-Haefelin T, Aulich A, Sandmann W (2000) Surgical treatment of 50 carotid dissections: indications and results. J Vasc Surg 31:980\u2013988","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"346_CR87","first-page":"2328","volume":"26","author":"Y Kadkhodayan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kadkhodayan Y, Jeck DT, Moran CJ, Derdeyn CP, Cross DT (2005) Angioplasty and stenting in carotid dissection with or without associated pseudoaneurysm. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 26:2328\u20132335","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"346_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199912000-00022","volume":"45","author":"AY Liu","year":"1999","unstructured":"Liu AY, Paulsen RD, Marcellus ML, Steinberg GK, Marks MP (1999) Long-term outcomes after carotid stent placement for treatment of carotid artery dissection. Neurosurg 45:1368\u20131379","journal-title":"Neurosurg"},{"key":"346_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1007\/s002340050801","volume":"41","author":"F Simionato","year":"1999","unstructured":"Simionato F, Righi C, Scotti G (1999) Post-traumatic dissecting aneurysm of extracranial internal carotid artery: endovascular treatment with stenting. Neuroradiol 41:543\u2013547","journal-title":"Neuroradiol"},{"key":"346_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-3019(00)00206-8","volume":"53","author":"R Saito","year":"2000","unstructured":"Saito R, Ezura M, Takahashi A, Yoshimoto T (2000) Combined neuroendovascular stenting and coil embolization for cervical carotid artery dissection causing symptomatic mass effect. Surg Neurol 53:318\u2013322","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"key":"346_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-004-0269-0","volume":"28","author":"S Heye","year":"2005","unstructured":"Heye S, Maleux G, Vandenberghe R, Wilms G (2005) Symptomatic internal carotid artery dissecting pseudoaneurysm: endovascular treatment by stent-graft. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 28:499\u2013501","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"346_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1159\/000070125","volume":"16","author":"T Lupattelli","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lupattelli T, Garaci FG, Hopkins CE, Simonetti G (2003) Covered stent deployment and follow-up of a case of internal carotid artery pseudoaneurysm. Cerebrovasc Dis 16:98\u2013101","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"346_CR93","first-page":"643","volume":"10","author":"A Tseng","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tseng A, Ramaiah V, Rodriguez-Lopez JA, Perkowshi PE, Del Santo PB, Gowda RG et al (2003) Emergent endovascular treatment of a spontaneous internal carotid artery dissection with pseudoaneurysm. J Endovascular Therapy 10:643\u2013646","journal-title":"J Endovascular Therapy"},{"key":"346_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000134455.02947.1F","volume":"55","author":"S Felber","year":"2004","unstructured":"Felber S, Henkes H, Weber W, Milosavski E, Brew S, Khune D (2004) Treatment of extracranial and intracranial aneurysms and arteriovenous fistulae using stent grafts. Neurosurg 55:631\u2013638","journal-title":"Neurosurg"},{"key":"346_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-005-1341-4","volume":"47","author":"K Sugiu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sugiu K, Tokunaga K, Watanabe K, Sasahara W, Ono S, Tamiya T et al (2005) Emergent endovascular treatment of ruptured vertebral artery dissecting aneurysms. Neuroradiol 47:158\u2013164","journal-title":"Neuroradiol"},{"key":"346_CR96","first-page":"1421","volume":"24","author":"JD Rabinov","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rabinov JD, Hellinger FR, Morris PP, Ogilvy CS, Putman CM (2003) Endovascular management of vertebrobasilar dissecting aneurysms. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 24:1421\u20131428","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"346_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.50.4.1166","volume":"50","author":"WI Schievink","year":"1998","unstructured":"Schievink WI, Wijdicks EF, Michels VV, Vockley J, Godfrey M (1998) Heritable connective tissue disorders in cervical artery dissections: a prospective study. Neurology 50:1166\u20131169","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"346_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199808000-00022","volume":"43","author":"WI Schievink","year":"1998","unstructured":"Schievink WI, Meyer FB, Parisi JE, Wijdicks EF (1998) Fibromuscular dysplasia of the internal carotid artery associated with alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency. Neurosurg 43:229\u2013234","journal-title":"Neurosurg"}],"container-title":["European Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00330-006-0346-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00330-006-0346-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00330-006-0346-7","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,28]],"date-time":"2019-05-28T07:53:23Z","timestamp":1559030003000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00330-006-0346-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,27]]},"references-count":98,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,12]]}},"alternative-id":["346"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-006-0346-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0938-7994","1432-1084"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0938-7994","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1084","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,27]]}}}