{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T02:46:00Z","timestamp":1790822760817,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,22]],"date-time":"2019-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550793600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-019-06033-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,22]],"date-time":"2019-02-22T14:59:02Z","timestamp":1550847542000},"page":"3458-3466","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Value of 3T craniocervical magnetic resonance imaging following nonfatal strangulation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3499-8801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakob","family":"Heimer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Tappero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominic","family":"Gascho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Flach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas D.","family":"Ruder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Thali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Franckenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"6033_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1201\/b13266","volume-title":"Knight\u2019s forensic pathology","author":"P Saukko","year":"2015","unstructured":"Saukko P, Knight B (2015) Fatal pressure on the neck. In: Saukko P, Knight B (eds) Knight\u2019s forensic pathology. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 369\u2013396"},{"key":"6033_CR2","unstructured":"Brouardel P (1897) La pendaison, la strangulation, la suffocation, la submersion. Bailli\u00e8re, Paris"},{"key":"6033_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-4679(01)00401-2","volume":"21","author":"DA Hawley","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hawley DA, McClane GE, Strack GB (2001) A review of 300 attempted strangulation cases. Part III: injuries in fatal cases. J Emerg Med 21:317\u2013322","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"6033_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1177\/0193841X09337481","volume":"33","author":"K Laughon","year":"2009","unstructured":"Laughon K, Glass N, Worrell C (2009) Review and analysis of laws related to strangulation in 50 states. Eval Rev 33:358\u2013369","journal-title":"Eval Rev"},{"key":"6033_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838015622439","volume":"18","author":"AJ Pritchard","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pritchard AJ, Reckdenwald A, Nordham C (2017) Nonfatal strangulation as part of domestic violence: a review of research. Trauma Violence Abuse 18:407\u2013424","journal-title":"Trauma Violence Abuse"},{"key":"6033_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-4679(01)00399-7","volume":"21","author":"GB Strack","year":"2001","unstructured":"Strack GB, McClane GE, Hawley D (2001) A review of 300 attempted strangulation cases. Part I: criminal legal issues. J Emerg Med 21:303\u2013309","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"6033_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.09.106","volume":"153","author":"T Plattner","year":"2005","unstructured":"Plattner T, Bolliger S, Zollinger U (2005) Forensic assessment of survived strangulation. Forensic Sci Int 153:202\u2013207","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"6033_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/1353-1131(95)90003-9","volume":"2","author":"P Fineron","year":"1995","unstructured":"Fineron P, Turnbull J, Busuttil A (1995) Fracture of the hyoid bone in survivors of attempted manual strangulation. J Clin Forensic Med 2:195\u2013197","journal-title":"J Clin Forensic Med"},{"key":"6033_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.06.009","volume":"149","author":"F Clarot","year":"2005","unstructured":"Clarot F, Vaz E, Papin F, Proust B (2005) Fatal and non-fatal bilateral delayed carotid artery dissection after manual strangulation. Forensic Sci Int 149:143\u2013150","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"6033_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith DJ Jr, Mills T, Taliaferro EH (2001) Frequency and relationship of reported symptomology in victims of intimate partner violence: the effect of multiple strangulation attacks. J Emerg Med 21:323\u2013329","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-4679(01)00402-4"},{"key":"6033_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2016.06.005","volume":"43","author":"RR Zilkens","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zilkens RR, Phillips MA, Kelly MC, Mukhtar SA, Semmens JB, Smith DA (2016) Non-fatal strangulation in sexual assault: a study of clinical and assault characteristics highlighting the role of intimate partner violence. J Forensic Leg Med 43:1\u20137","journal-title":"J Forensic Leg Med"},{"key":"6033_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02053748","volume":"67","author":"O Prokop","year":"1970","unstructured":"Prokop O, Wabnitz R (1970) Vorkommen von Bindehautblutungen bei Lebenden und Toten, dargestellt in 10 Tabellen. Z Rechtsmed 67:249\u2013257","journal-title":"Z Rechtsmed"},{"key":"6033_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(03)00279-2","volume":"137","author":"H Maxeiner","year":"2003","unstructured":"Maxeiner H, Bockholdt B (2003) Homicidal and suicidal ligature strangulation\u2014a comparison of the post-mortem findings. Forensic Sci Int 137:60\u201366","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"6033_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.07.015","volume":"192","author":"S Duband","year":"2009","unstructured":"Duband S, Timoshenko A, Mohammedi R et al (2009) Study of endolaryngeal structures by videolaryngoscopy after hanging: a new approach to understanding the physiopathogenesis. Forensic Sci Int 192:48\u201352","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"6033_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS14737J","volume":"45","author":"MS Pollanen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Pollanen MS (2000) A triad of laryngeal hemorrhages in strangulation: a report of eight cases. J Forensic Sci 45:614\u2013618","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"6033_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Decker LA, Hatch GM, Lathrop SL, Nolte KB (2018) The role of postmortem computed tomography in the evaluation of strangulation deaths. J Forensic Sci 63:1401\u20131405","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.13760"},{"key":"6033_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1177\/002580240104100209","volume":"41","author":"MS Pollanen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pollanen MS (2001) Subtle fatal manual neck compression. Med Sci Law 41:135\u2013140","journal-title":"Med Sci Law"},{"key":"6033_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-006-0121-y","volume":"121","author":"K Yen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yen K, Vock P, Christe A et al (2007) Clinical forensic radiology in strangulation victims: forensic expertise based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. Int J Legal Med (Tokyo) 121:115\u2013123","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med (Tokyo)"},{"key":"6033_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.20396","volume":"22","author":"K Yen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yen K, Thali MJ, Aghayev E et al (2005) Strangulation signs: initial correlation of MRI, MSCT, and forensic neck findings. J Magn Reson Imaging 22:501\u2013510","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"6033_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1882","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-009-1353-2","volume":"19","author":"A Christe","year":"2009","unstructured":"Christe A, Thoeny H, Ross S et al (2009) Life-threatening versus non-life-threatening manual strangulation: are there appropriate criteria for MR imaging of the neck? Eur Radiol 19:1882\u20131889","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"6033_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.legalmed.2010.05.004","volume":"12","author":"A Christe","year":"2010","unstructured":"Christe A, Oesterhelweg L, Ross S et al (2010) Can MRI of the neck compete with clinical findings in assessing danger to life for survivors of manual strangulation? A statistical analysis. Legal Med 12:228\u2013232","journal-title":"Legal Med"},{"key":"6033_CR22","unstructured":"Swiss Society of Legal Medicine, Expert commission \"Quality Management and Autopsy\" (2012) Sch\u00e4digung durch Strangulation. Available via https:\/\/www.sgrm.ch\/inhalte\/Forensische-Medizin\/Strangulation_final_rev.pdf"},{"key":"6033_CR23","unstructured":"R Core Team (2017) R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria 2016"},{"key":"6033_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00451772","volume":"29","author":"F Bianco","year":"1987","unstructured":"Bianco F, Floris R (1987) Computed tomography abnormalities in hanging. Neuroradiology 29:297\u2013298","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"6033_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00588401","volume":"35","author":"S Ohkawa","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ohkawa S, Yamadori A (1993) CT in hanging. Neuroradiology 35:591","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"6033_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(02)00056-4","volume":"198","author":"J Kalita","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kalita J, Mishra V, Misra U, Gupta R (2002) Clinicoradiological observation in three patients with suicidal hanging. J Neurol Sci 198:21\u201324","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"6033_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stanley RB Jr, Hanson DG (1983) Manual strangulation injuries of the larynx. Arch Otolaryngol 109:344\u2013347","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1983.00800190066017"},{"key":"6033_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2013.10.021","volume":"83","author":"M Becker","year":"2014","unstructured":"Becker M, Leuchter I, Platon A, Becker CD, Dulguerov P, Varoquaux A (2014) Imaging of laryngeal trauma. Eur J Radiol 83:142\u2013154","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"}],"container-title":["European Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00330-019-06033-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00330-019-06033-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00330-019-06033-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,28]],"date-time":"2020-11-28T11:12:45Z","timestamp":1606561965000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00330-019-06033-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,22]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]}},"alternative-id":["6033"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-019-06033-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0938-7994","1432-1084"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0938-7994","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1084","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 September 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 December 2018","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 January 2019","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 February 2019","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The scientific guarantor of this publication is Michael J. Thali.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Guarantor"}},{"value":"The authors of this manuscript declare no relationships with any companies, whose products or services may be related to the subject matter of the article.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"No complex statistical methods were necessary for this paper. The authors have sufficient statistical understanding.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Statistics and biometry"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects (patients) in this study.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"Institutional Review Board approval was obtained for the publishing of case-related, forensic data (Ethics Committee of the Canton of Zurich, KEK ZH-Nr. 15-0686).","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"\u2022 prospective\u2022 experimental\u2022 performed at one institution","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Methodology"}}]}}