{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T07:00:30Z","timestamp":1791442830259,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,18]],"date-time":"2019-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552867200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-019-06103-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,18]],"date-time":"2019-03-18T11:05:01Z","timestamp":1552907101000},"page":"3414-3423","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Distinguishing necrotizing from non-necrotizing fasciitis: a new predictive scoring integrating MRI in the LRINEC score"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Min A","family":"Yoon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hye Won","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujin","family":"Yeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hye Jin","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusuhn","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Choong Guen","family":"Chee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min Hee","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang Hoon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myung Jin","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"6103_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200308000-00005","volume":"85-A","author":"CH Wong","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wong CH, Chang HC, Pasupathy S, Khin LW, Tan JL, Low CO (2003) Necrotizing fasciitis: clinical presentation, microbiology, and determinants of mortality. J Bone Joint Surg Am 85-A(8):1454\u20131460","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"6103_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2008.10.032","volume":"208","author":"B Sarani","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sarani B, Strong M, Pascual J, Schwab CW (2009) Necrotizing fasciitis: current concepts and review of the literature. J Am Coll Surg 208(2):279\u2013288","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"6103_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000129486.35458.7D","volume":"32","author":"CH Wong","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wong CH, Khin LW, Heng KS, Tan KC, Low CO (2004) The LRINEC (Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis) score: a tool for distinguishing necrotizing fasciitis from other soft tissue infections. Crit Care Med 32(7):1535\u20131541","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"6103_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X0903700416","volume":"37","author":"MJ Holland","year":"2009","unstructured":"Holland MJ (2009) Application of the Laboratory Risk Indicator in Necrotising Fasciitis (LRINEC) score to patients in a tropical tertiary referral centre. Anaesth Intensive Care 37(4):588\u2013592","journal-title":"Anaesth Intensive Care"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"6103_CR5","first-page":"S192","volume":"100","author":"S Sirikurnpiboon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sirikurnpiboon S, Sawangsangwattana T (2017) Early diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis using Laboratory Risk Indicator of Necrotizing Fasciitis (LRINEC) score. J Med Assoc Thail 100(Suppl 1):S192\u2013S199","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thail"},{"key":"6103_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1308\/rcsann.2017.0053","volume":"99","author":"J Bechar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bechar J, Sepehripour S, Hardwicke J, Filobbos G (2017) Laboratory risk indicator for necrotising fasciitis (LRINEC) score for the assessment of early necrotising fasciitis: a systematic review of the literature. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 99:341\u2013346","journal-title":"Ann R Coll Surg Engl"},{"issue":"1","key":"6103_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1308\/003588413X13511609956093","volume":"95","author":"RA Swain","year":"2013","unstructured":"Swain RA, Hatcher JC, Azadian BS, Soni N, De Souza B (2013) A five-year review of necrotising fasciitis in a tertiary referral unit. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 95(1):57\u201360","journal-title":"Ann R Coll Surg Engl"},{"issue":"5","key":"6103_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2012.09.039","volume":"44","author":"MP Wilson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wilson MP, Schneir AB (2013) A case of necrotizing fasciitis with a LRINEC score of zero: clinical suspicion should trump scoring systems. J Emerg Med 44(5):928\u2013931","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"6103_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.5704\/MOJ.1707.005","volume":"11","author":"A Syed","year":"2017","unstructured":"Syed A, Alvin T, Fazrina A, Abdul R (2017) Determining if positive predictive value using Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotising Fasciitis is applicable in Malaysian patients with necrotising fasciitis. Malays Orthop J 11(2):36\u201339","journal-title":"Malays Orthop J"},{"issue":"1","key":"6103_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.05.014","volume":"70","author":"A Al-Hindawi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Al-Hindawi A, McGhee J, Lockey J, Vizcaychipi M (2017) Validation of the laboratory risk indicator for necrotising fasciitis scoring system (LRINEC) in a Northern European population. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 70(1):141\u2013143","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"key":"6103_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fernando SM, Tran A, Cheng W et al (2018) Necrotizing soft tissue infection: diagnostic accuracy of physical examination, imaging, and LRINEC score: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Surg. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/SLA.0000000000002774","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000002774"},{"issue":"2","key":"6103_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2012.08.009","volume":"80","author":"J Malghem","year":"2013","unstructured":"Malghem J, Lecouvet FE, Omoumi P, Maldague BE, Vande Berg BC (2013) Necrotizing fasciitis: contribution and limitations of diagnostic imaging. Joint Bone Spine 80(2):146\u2013154","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"issue":"3","key":"6103_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.11101164","volume":"259","author":"KT Kim","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kim KT, Kim YJ, Won Lee J et al (2011) Can necrotizing infectious fasciitis be differentiated from nonnecrotizing infectious fasciitis with MR imaging? Radiology 259(3):816\u2013824","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"6103_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1016\/S1072-7515(98)00192-6","volume":"187","author":"TE Brothers","year":"1998","unstructured":"Brothers TE, Tagge DU, Stutley JE, Conway WF, Del Schutte H Jr, Byrne TK (1998) Magnetic resonance imaging differentiates between necrotizing and non-necrotizing fasciitis of the lower extremity. J Am Coll Surg 187(4):416\u2013421","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"6103_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.245035169","volume":"24","author":"JB Fugitt","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fugitt JB, Puckett ML, Quigley MM, Kerr SM (2004) Necrotizing fasciitis. Radiographics 24(5):1472\u20131476","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"2","key":"6103_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.192.2.8029421","volume":"192","author":"A Rahmouni","year":"1994","unstructured":"Rahmouni A, Chosidow O, Mathieu D et al (1994) MR imaging in acute infectious cellulitis. Radiology 192(2):493\u2013496","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"6103_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.170.3.9490940","volume":"170","author":"MR Schmid","year":"1998","unstructured":"Schmid MR, Kossmann T, Duewell S (1998) Differentiation of necrotizing fasciitis and cellulitis using MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol 170(3):615\u2013620","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"1033","key":"6103_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20130560","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20130560","volume":"87","author":"SZ Ali","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ali SZ, Srinivasan S, Peh WC (2014) MRI in necrotizing fasciitis of the extremities. Br J Radiol 87(1033):20130560","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"6103_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1742","volume":"23","author":"LM Sullivan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sullivan LM, Massaro JM, D'Agostino RB Sr (2004) Presentation of multivariate data for clinical use: the Framingham Study risk score functions. Stat Med 23(10):1631\u20131660","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"6103_CR20","volume-title":"Signal detection theory and ROC analysis","author":"JP Egan","year":"1975","unstructured":"Egan JP (1975) Signal detection theory and ROC analysis. Academic Press, New York"},{"issue":"1","key":"6103_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a113284","volume":"115","author":"S Lemeshow","year":"1982","unstructured":"Lemeshow S, Hosmer DW Jr (1982) A review of goodness of fit statistics for use in the development of logistic regression models. Am J Epidemiol 115(1):92\u2013106","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"6103_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.2307\/2531595","volume":"44","author":"ER DeLong","year":"1988","unstructured":"DeLong ER, DeLong DM, Clarke-Pearson DL (1988) Comparing the areas under two or more correlated receiver operating characteristic curves: a nonparametric approach. Biometrics 44(3):837\u2013845","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"6103_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1037\/h0026256","volume":"70","author":"J Cohen","year":"1968","unstructured":"Cohen J (1968) Weighted kappa: nominal scale agreement with provision for scaled disagreement or partial credit. Psychol Bull 70(4):213\u2013220","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"issue":"4","key":"6103_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.5811\/westjem.2017.3.33607","volume":"18","author":"MM Neeki","year":"2017","unstructured":"Neeki MM, Dong F, Au C et al (2017) Evaluating the laboratory risk indicator to differentiate cellulitis from necrotizing fasciitis in the emergency department. West J Emerg Med 18(4):684\u2013689","journal-title":"West J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"6103_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.168.5.9129430","volume":"168","author":"NN Loh","year":"1997","unstructured":"Loh NN, Ch'en IY, Cheung LP, Li KC (1997) Deep fascial hyperintensity in soft-tissue abnormalities as revealed by T2-weighted MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol 168(5):1301\u20131304","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"}],"container-title":["European Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00330-019-06103-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00330-019-06103-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00330-019-06103-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,17]],"date-time":"2020-03-17T00:12:43Z","timestamp":1584403963000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00330-019-06103-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,18]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]}},"alternative-id":["6103"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-019-06103-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0938-7994","1432-1084"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0938-7994","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1084","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 November 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 February 2019","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 February 2019","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 March 2019","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The scientific guarantor of this publication is Hye Won Chung.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Guarantor"}},{"value":"The authors of this manuscript declare no relationships with any companies, whose products or services may be related to the subject matter of the article.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Jung Bok Lee, from Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, kindly provided statistical advice for this manuscript.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Statistics and biometry"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"Institutional Review Board approval was obtained.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"\u2022 retrospective\u2022 diagnostic or prognostic study\u2022 multicenter study","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Methodology"}}]}}