{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T21:43:18Z","timestamp":1774647798249,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,26]],"date-time":"2019-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556236800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000765","name":"University College London","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000765","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-019-06187-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,27]],"date-time":"2019-04-27T03:17:31Z","timestamp":1556335051000},"page":"6345-6354","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Real benefits of ultrasound evaluation of hand and foot synovitis for better characterisation of the disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Coziana","family":"Ciurtin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexis","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geraint","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fang En","family":"Sin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Raine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Manson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Giles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"6187_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-207524","volume":"75","author":"JS Smolen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Smolen JS, Breedveld FC, Burmester GR et al (2016) Treating rheumatoid arthritis to target: 2014 update of the recommendations of an international task force. Ann Rheum Dis 75:3\u201315","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"6187_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2017.104","volume":"13","author":"A Zink","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zink A, Albrecht K (2017) Rheumatoid arthritis: the benefits of early treatment after decades. Nat Rev Rheumatol 13:458\u2013459","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"6187_CR3","first-page":"S209","volume":"21","author":"JS Smolen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Smolen JS, Sokka T, Pincus T, Breedveld FC (2003) A proposed treatment algorithm for rheumatoid arthritis: aggressive therapy, methotrexate, and quantitative measures. Clin Exp Rheumatol 21:S209\u2013S210","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"6187_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/S1521-6942(03)00077-9","volume":"17","author":"T Pincus","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pincus T, Sokka T (2003) Quantitative measures for assessing rheumatoid arthritis in clinical trials and clinical care. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 17:753\u2013781","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"6187_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780380107","volume":"38","author":"ML Prevoo","year":"1995","unstructured":"Prevoo ML, van\u2019t Hof MA, Kuper HH, van Leeuwen MA, van de Putte LB, van Riel PL (1995) Modified disease activity scores that include twenty-eight-joint counts. Development and validation in a prospective longitudinal study of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 38:44\u201348","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"6187_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq117","volume":"49","author":"EM Hensor","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hensor EM, Emery P, Bingham SJ, Conaghan PG, Consortium Y (2010) Discrepancies in categorizing rheumatoid arthritis patients by DAS-28(ESR) and DAS-28(CRP): can they be reduced? Rheumatology (Oxford) 49:1521\u20131529","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"6187_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-014-2634-y","volume":"33","author":"Y Geng","year":"2014","unstructured":"Geng Y, Han J, Deng X, Zhang Z (2014) Presence of power Doppler synovitis in rheumatoid arthritis patients with synthetic and\/or biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug-induced clinical remission: experience from a Chinese cohort. Clin Rheumatol 33:1061\u20131066","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"6187_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2411","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-016-3326-6","volume":"35","author":"C Ciurtin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ciurtin C, Wyszynski K, Clarke R, Mouyis M, Manson J, Marra G (2016) Ultrasound-detected subclinical inflammation was better reflected by the disease activity score (DAS-28) in patients with suspicion of inflammatory arthritis compared to established rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol 35:2411\u20132419","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"6187_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hussain S, Sivakumaran P, Gill A, Dhas D, Ciurtin C (2017) Ultrasonography-detected subclinical inflammation in patients with hand osteoarthritis and established rheumatoid arthritis: a comparison between two different pathologies using the same ultrasound examination protocol. Musculoskeletal Care. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/msc.1197","DOI":"10.1002\/msc.1197"},{"key":"6187_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22158","volume":"66","author":"JE Freeston","year":"2014","unstructured":"Freeston JE, Coates LC, Nam JL et al (2014) Is there subclinical synovitis in early psoriatic arthritis? A clinical comparison with gray-scale and power Doppler ultrasound. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 66:432\u2013439","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"6187_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2055","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.110424","volume":"38","author":"P Mandl","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mandl P, Naredo E, Wakefield RJ, Conaghan PG, D'Agostino MA, Force OUT (2011) A systematic literature review analysis of ultrasound joint count and scoring systems to assess synovitis in rheumatoid arthritis according to the OMERACT filter. J Rheumatol 38:2055\u20132062","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"6187_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/27.5.341","volume":"27","author":"AJ Silman","year":"1988","unstructured":"Silman AJ (1988) The 1987 revised American Rheumatism Association criteria for rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Rheumatol 27:341\u2013343","journal-title":"Br J Rheumatol"},{"key":"6187_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.138461","volume":"69","author":"D Aletaha","year":"2010","unstructured":"Aletaha D, Neogi T, Silman AJ et al (2010) 2010 rheumatoid arthritis classification criteria: an American College of Rheumatology\/European League Against Rheumatism collaborative initiative. Ann Rheum Dis 69:1580\u20131588","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"6187_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.49.11.916","volume":"49","author":"DM Heijde van der","year":"1990","unstructured":"van der Heijde DM, van\u2019t Hof MA, van Riel PL et al (1990) Judging disease activity in clinical practice in rheumatoid arthritis: first step in the development of a disease activity score. Ann Rheum Dis 49:916\u2013920","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"6187_CR15","first-page":"579","volume":"20","author":"DM Heijde van der","year":"1993","unstructured":"van der Heijde DM, van\u2019t Hof M, van Riel PL, van de Putte LB (1993) Development of a disease activity score based on judgment in clinical practice by rheumatologists. J Rheumatol 20:579\u2013581","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"6187_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000428","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2016-000428","volume":"3","author":"MA D\u2019Agostino","year":"2017","unstructured":"D\u2019Agostino MA, Terslev L, Aegerter P et al (2017) Scoring ultrasound synovitis in rheumatoid arthritis: a EULAR-OMERACT ultrasound taskforce-part 1: definition and development of a standardised, consensus-based scoring system. RMD Open 3:e000428","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"6187_CR17","first-page":"2485","volume":"32","author":"RJ Wakefield","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wakefield RJ, Balint PV, Szkudlarek M et al (2005) Musculoskeletal ultrasound including definitions for ultrasonographic pathology. J Rheumatol 32:2485\u20132487","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"6187_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.106658","volume":"69","author":"JE Freeston","year":"2010","unstructured":"Freeston JE, Wakefield RJ, Conaghan PG, Hensor EM, Stewart SP, Emery P (2010) A diagnostic algorithm for persistence of very early inflammatory arthritis: the utility of power Doppler ultrasound when added to conventional assessment tools. Ann Rheum Dis 69:417\u2013419","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"6187_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11481","volume":"50","author":"ET Molenaar","year":"2004","unstructured":"Molenaar ET, Voskuyl AE, Dinant HJ, Bezemer PD, Boers M, Dijkmans BA (2004) Progression of radiologic damage in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in clinical remission. Arthritis Rheum 50:36\u201342","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"6187_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-017-5016-4","volume":"28","author":"AKP Lim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lim AKP, Satchithananda K, Dick EA, Abraham S, Cosgrove DO (2018) Microflow imaging: new Doppler technology to detect low-grade inflammation in patients with arthritis. Eur Radiol 28:1046\u20131053","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"6187_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5034","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-017-4931-8","volume":"27","author":"T Fukuda","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fukuda T, Umezawa Y, Asahina A, Nakagawa H, Furuya K, Fukuda K (2017) Dual energy CT iodine map for delineating inflammation of inflammatory arthritis. Eur Radiol 27:5034\u20135040","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"6187_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3662","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-017-4736-9","volume":"27","author":"JC Waterton","year":"2017","unstructured":"Waterton JC, Ho M, Nordenmark LH et al (2017) Repeatability and response to therapy of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers in rheumatoid arthritis in a large multicentre trial setting. Eur Radiol 27:3662\u20133668","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"6187_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1177\/0284185118773507","volume":"60","author":"P Sivakumaran","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sivakumaran P, Hussain S, Attipoe L, Ciurtin C (2019) Diagnostic accuracy of simplified ultrasound hand examination protocols for detection of inflammation and disease burden in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Acta Radiol 60:92\u201399","journal-title":"Acta Radiol"},{"key":"6187_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ker255","volume":"51","author":"N Damjanov","year":"2012","unstructured":"Damjanov N, Radunovic G, Prodanovic S et al (2012) Construct validity and reliability of ultrasound disease activity score in assessing joint inflammation in RA: comparison with DAS-28. Rheumatology (Oxford) 51:120\u2013128","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"6187_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3761","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22190","volume":"54","author":"AK Brown","year":"2006","unstructured":"Brown AK, Quinn MA, Karim Z et al (2006) Presence of significant synovitis in rheumatoid arthritis patients with disease-modifying antirheumatic drug-induced clinical remission: evidence from an imaging study may explain structural progression. Arthritis Rheum 54:3761\u20133773","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"6187_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000205","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2015-000205","volume":"2","author":"PP Cheung","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cheung PP, Mari K, Devauchelle-Pensec V et al (2016) Predictive value of tender joints compared to synovitis for structural damage in rheumatoid arthritis. RMD Open 2:e000205","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"6187_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kem383","volume":"47","author":"B Hameed","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hameed B, Pilcher J, Heron C, Kiely PD (2008) The relation between composite ultrasound measures and the DAS28 score, its components and acute phase markers in adult RA. Rheumatology (Oxford) 47:476\u2013480","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"6187_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-017-0653-5","volume":"12","author":"H Xu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xu H, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Wang C, Mao P (2017) Comparison of the clinical effectiveness of US grading scoring system vs MRI in the diagnosis of early rheumatoid arthritis (RA). J Orthop Surg Res 12:152","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"6187_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-201469","volume":"72","author":"M Dougados","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dougados M, Devauchelle-Pensec V, Ferlet JF et al (2013) The ability of synovitis to predict structural damage in rheumatoid arthritis: a comparative study between clinical examination and ultrasound. Ann Rheum Dis 72:665\u2013671","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"6187_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22887","volume":"68","author":"MD Wechalekar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wechalekar MD, Lester S, Hill CL et al (2016) Active foot synovitis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: unstable remission status, radiographic progression, and worse functional outcomes in patients with foot synovitis in apparent remission. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 68:1616\u20131623","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"6187_CR31","first-page":"904","volume":"31","author":"G Sant'Ana Petterle","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sant'Ana Petterle G, Natour J, Rodrigues da Luz K et al (2013) Usefulness of US to show subclinical joint abnormalities in asymptomatic feet of RA patients compared to healthy controls. Clin Exp Rheumatol 31:904\u2013912","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"6187_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1927","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200009)43:9<1927::AID-ANR3>3.0.CO;2-B","volume":"43","author":"HM Hulsmans","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hulsmans HM, Jacobs JW, van der Heijde DM, van Albada-Kuipers GA, Schenk Y, Bijlsma JW (2000) The course of radiologic damage during the first six years of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 43:1927\u20131940","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"}],"container-title":["European Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00330-019-06187-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00330-019-06187-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00330-019-06187-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,24]],"date-time":"2020-04-24T23:10:09Z","timestamp":1587769809000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00330-019-06187-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,26]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]}},"alternative-id":["6187"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-019-06187-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0938-7994","1432-1084"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0938-7994","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1084","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 December 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 February 2019","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 February 2019","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 April 2019","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The scientific guarantor of this publication is Coziana Ciurtin.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Guarantor"}},{"value":"The authors of this manuscript declare no relationships with any companies, whose products or services may be related to the subject matter of the article.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"One of the authors (CC) has significant statistical expertise.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Statistics and biometry"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects (patients) in this study.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"Institutional Review Board approval was obtained. The data was collected as aroutine standard of care in the evaluation of patients referred to the MSK-US service. The study was approved by the local ethics committee.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"\u2022 retrospective\u2022 cross-sectional study\u2022 performed at one institution","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Methodology"}}]}}